电工学原理及应用(Electrical_Engineering)经典双语详解讲义_(1)
(完整版)电气工程与自动化专业英语中文翻译
第一章 电路基本原理第一节 电流与电压u （t ）和i （t ）这两个变量是电路中最基本的概念，描述了电路中各种不同的关系。
电荷与电流电荷与电流的概念是解释一切电气现象的基础原则。
而电荷也是电路的最基本的量。
电荷是构成物质的原子的电气属性，单位是库仑（C ）。
通过基础物理学，我们了解到一切物质都是由被称为原子的基本粒子构造而成的，每个原子中都包含电子、质子和中子。
我们还知道电子上的电荷带负电，每个电子上的电量是1.60210×10-19库仑。
质子带与电子相等的正电荷。
原子上质子与电子的数目相等，使其呈中性。
我们来考虑电荷的运动。
电或电荷的独特之处就是它们可以移动，也就是说电荷可以从一个地方移动到另一个地方，从而转换成另外一种形式的能量。
当把一根导线接在电池（一种电源）的两端时，电荷受迫而运动；正电荷与负电荷分别向相反的两个方向移动。
这种电荷的移动产生了电流。
习惯上，我们把正电荷移动的方向或负电荷移动的反方向称为电流的方向，如图1-1所示。
这种说法是由美国科学家、发明家本杰明·富兰克林提出的。
即使我们知道金属导体中的电流是由于带负电荷的电子（运动）而产生的，（我们）也使用默认的习惯，将正电荷运动的方向定义为电流的方向。
因此，电流是单位时间内电荷的变化率，单位是安培（ampere ，A ）。
在数学上，电流i 、电荷q 和时间t 的关系为i=dtdq （1-1） 将等式的两边同时进行积分，则可得到电荷在时间t 和t 0之间的变化。
有q== 0t t idt （1-2）在等式（1-1）中我们给电流i 的定义表现了电流不是一个定值量，电荷随时间的变化不同，电流也与之呈不同的函数关系。
电压、电能与电功率使电子在导体中定向运动需要做功或能量转换。
功由外电动势提供，最典型的就是图1-1中的电池。
外电动势也可理解为电压或电位差。
电路中，a 、b 两点之间的电压U ab 等于从a 到b 移动单位电荷所需能量（所做的功），有U ab =dqdw （1-3） w 代表电能，单位是焦耳（J ）；q 代表电量。
电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义
Alternating Current
On the other hand, a current that varies with time, reversing direction periodically, is called alternating current, abbreviated as AC.
3Ω
4Ω 2Ω 3Ω a 6Ω
10V
Congsidering current I， N=4,B=6,L=7
N=3,B=5,L=6
1.4 Kirchhoff’s current LAW (KCL)
The net(净，总的) current a node is zero.
Ｉ= 0
entering
• Electrical Engineering Subdivisions
• • • • • • • • Communication systems Computer systems Control systems Electromagnetics Electronics Photonics Power systems Signal processing
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 90 20 120 90 80 0
功率平衡！电路中所有元件的功率之和为 0 ！ 常用作对分析结果的检验准则。
•About Kirchhoff
古斯塔夫· 罗伯特· 基尔霍夫(Gustav Robert Kirchhoff )
——/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff
Box3
P3 U 3 I 3 60V ( 2)A 120W<0
U1 1
U2 2 U5
电气工程及其自动化专业英语
专业英语电路基础characterize描绘…的特征，塑造人物，具有….的特征property 性质，财产equal in magnitude to 在数量（数量级）上等同于convert 转换converter 转换器time rate 时间变化率mathematically 从数学上来讲differen tiate v 区分，区别in honor of 为纪念某人name in honor of为纪念某人而以他命名electromotive force （e m f ）电动势voltaic battery 伏打电池，化学电池an element 一个电器元件interpret 口译，解释，说明the potential at point a with respect to point b is点a关于点b的电势Potential difference/voltage 电势差/电压expend 花费，消耗instantaneous 瞬时的，促发的passive sign convention 关联参考方向the law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律reference polarity 参考极性electron 电子electronic 电子的electric 电的，电动的time-varying 时变的constant-valued 常量的metal lic 金属的be due to 是因为，由于，归功于building block 模块Coulomb库伦，Ampere安培，joule焦耳，Volt伏特，Watt 瓦特，work 功变量u（t），i(t)是电路中最基本的概念。
他们描述了电路中的各种关系。
电荷量的概念是解释电现象的基本原理，电荷量也是电路中最基本的量。
电荷也是构成物质的原子的电器属性，量纲是库伦。
我们从初等物理可以得知所有物质是由基本组成部分原子组成，而原子又包括电子（electron），质子（proton）和中子（neutron）我们都知道电荷e是带负电的电子，在数量上等于1.60210*1019 C, 而质子携带同等电荷量的正电荷，相同数量的质子，电子使原子呈现电中性（neutrally charged）。
电气专业英语section 1-5中英
由于节点3连接有4条支路，所以选择其作为参考点， 用所示的接地符号标明。
The voltage between node 1 and the reference node 3 is identified as u1, and u2 is defined between node 2 and the reference.
每个非参考点相对于参考点的电压既是节点电压。
It is common practice to select polarities so that the node voltages are positive relative to the reference node.
选择极性时，通常使节点电压相对于参考点为正。
理解了电路基本定律（欧姆定律和基尔霍夫定律）后
we are now prepared to apply these laws to develop two powerful techniques for circuit analysis:
我们准备应用这些定律得出两种电路分析的有效方法
nodal analysis, which is based on a systematic application of Kirchhoff's current law (KCL),
0.2u1 1.2u2 2
(1-20)
Solve the Eq.(1-19) and Eq. (1-20) to obtain the unknown node voltage u1 and u2, then any current or power in the circuit may now be found.
电工技术(英文)
Current form a schematic diagram of Figure 1.2-1
Charge regular directional movement, the formation of the conduction current.
§1-2
电流和电压的参考方向
1.2.1 电流
一段金属导体内含有大量的 带负电荷的自由电子，通常 情况下，这些自由电子在其 内部作无规则的热运动。 如果在AB段金属导体的两端 连接上电源，那么带负电荷 的自由电子就要逆电场方向 运动 电荷有规则的定向运动， 形成传导电流。
Check Your Understanding What the difference between Uab and U ?
a
I +
R U
Us
b
a
I
R U
Us +
b
-
-
U=Us+RI
U=－Us－RI；
4. 电功率 Power
Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, measured in watts (W).
dq i (1.6 1019 )(1015 ) 1.6 104 A dt
U0
p 4 25,000 V 4 i 1.6 10
Assigning reference directions 电流的参考方向 To specify the current in a conductor, we need both a reference direction and numerical value, which can be positive or negative.
电气工程专业英语unit6解读
This involves the application of automation technology in the power system, such as SCADA, EMS, and DMS, to achieve real-time monitoring and control of the power system.
Article structure
VS
Unit 6涉及的词汇主要包括电气工程相关术语、工业自动化和智能制造领域的专业词汇，以及一些科技类常用词汇。
短语总结
文章中出现的短语主要包括与电气工程和工业领域相关的短语，如"power system","automation control","intelligent manufacturing"等。这些短语对于理解文章内容非常重要，需要学生重点掌握。
Electrical engineering also contributes to the progress of other fields, such as computer science, robotics, and nanotechnology. Electrical engineers design and develop the electronic components and systems that are used in these fields, making it possible for them to advance.
Circuit analysis
Circuit analysis is a fundamental skill for electrical engineers. It involves using mathematical models to analyze the behavior of electrical circuits. Circuit analysis is essential for predicting circuit performance, optimizing circuit design, and troubleshooting circuit problems.
电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义
N
–
+
内电场被加 强，少子的漂 移加强，由于 少子数量很少， 形成很小的反 向电流。
PN 结加反向电压时，PN结变宽，反向电流较小， 反向电阻较大，PN结处于截止状态。 温度越高少子的数目越多，反向电流将随温度增加。
•二极管的符号与结构Fra bibliotekuDD 外形 iD 国标符号 D 美标符号
根据PN结构造面的特点，二极管分为点接触型、面接触 型、键型、合金型、扩散型、台面型、平面型、合金扩散型、 外延型、肖特基型等。
I D2
D1承受反向电压为－6 V
3
4mA
Ex.8.8 Assume ideal diodes, find the diode states for the circuits shown in Fig. 10.17.
D1 is on;
D2 is off;
D3 is off;D4 is on.
Electrical Engineering and Electronics II
Chapter 8 Diodes
4 Course Hours
Chapter 8 Diode
8.1 Basic Diode Concepts 8.2 Load-line analysis of diode circuits 8.3 Zener-diode voltage-regulator circuits 8.4 Ideal-diode model 8.5 Piecewise-linear diode models 8.6 Rectifier circuits 8.7 Wave-shaping Circuits 8.8 Linear Small-signal Equivalent Circuits
电气工程专业英语教学内容
电气工程专业英语电路 electric circuit电气工程electrical engineering电机electric machine自然科学physical science电气设备 electrical device电器元件 electrical element正电荷positive charge负电荷negative charge直流direct current交流alternating current电压voltage导体conductor功work电动势electromotiveforce电势差potential difference功率power极性polarity能量守恒定律the law of conservation energy变量variable电阻 resistance电阻率resistivity绝缘体insulator电阻器resistor无源元件passive element常数constant电导conductance短路short circuit开路open circuit线性的linear串联series并联parallel电压降voltage drop等效电阻equivalent resistance电容器capacitor电感器inductor储能元件storage element电场electric field充电 charge放电discharge动态的dynamic电介质dielectric电容capacitance磁场magnetic field电源power supplu变压器transformer电机electric motor线圈coil电感inductance导线conducting wire绕组wingding漏电阻leakage resistance电子系统electronic system结构图block diagram功能模块functional block放大器amplifier滤波器filter整形电路wave-shaping circuit振荡器oscillator增益gain输入阻抗input impedance带宽bandwidth晶体管transistor集成电路integrated circuit电力电子power electronics数字信号处理digital signal-processing 输出装置output device模拟信号analog signal数字信号digital signal传感器transducer采样值sample value模数转换器analog-to-digital converter 频谱frequency content采样频率sampling rate or frequendy 扰动disturbance分立电路discrete circuit数字化信号digitized signal运算放大器operational amplifier有源电路active circuit电子部件electronic unit封装package管脚pin同相端noninverting terminal反相输入inverting input电路图circuit diagram压控电压源voltage-controlled voltage source 开环增益open-loop gain闭环增益closed-loop gain负反馈negative feedback正饱和positive saturation线性区linear region电压跟随器voltage follower等效阻抗equivalent impedance逻辑变量logic variable位bit数字字digital word字节byte半字节nibble与运算AND operation真值表truth table与门AND gate非门NOT gate或门OR gate加号addition sign与非门NANA gate异或运算XOR operation逻辑表达式logic expression二进制binary system正逻辑positive logic负逻辑negative logic参考方向reference direction理想变压器ideal transformer电气绝缘electrical isolation阻抗匹配impedance matching电力electrical pewer绝缘变压器isolating transformer电压互感器voltage transformer电流互感器current transformer原边绕组primary winding工作频率operating frequency配电变压器distribution transformer电力变压器power transformer磁通密度flux density磁场magnetic field铁芯变压器iron-core transformer大功率high-power空芯air-core磁耦合magnetic coupling小功率lower-power励磁损耗magnetizing loss磁滞损耗hysteresis loss涡流eddy current励磁电流exciting current漏磁通leakage flux互磁通 mutual flux线圈coil芯式core form壳式shell form高压绕组high-voltage winding磁链flux linkage电动势electromotive force有效值root mean square value匝数比turns ratio视在功率apparent power匝数the number of turns升压变压器step-up transformer降压变压器step-down transformer电动机motor发电机generator机械能mechanical energy电能electrical energy电磁的electromagnetic直线式电动机linear motor同步电机synchronous machine感应电机induction machine定子stator转子rotor气隙air gap轴shaft电枢armature励磁绕组field winding无功功率reactive power制动状态braking mode稳态steady-state相序phase sequence反响制动plugging滞后电流lagging current励磁电抗magnetizing reactance 启动电流starting current变频器frequency changer感应电势induced voltage逆变器inverter周波变换器cycloconverter换向器commutator自动控制automatic control控制器controller扰动disturbance期望值desired value压力pressure液位liquid level被控变量controlled variable 方框图block diagram传递函数transfer function工程控制process control伺服系统servomechanism流率flow rate加速度acceleration前向通路forward path补偿correction反馈通路feedback path闭环closed-loop开环open-loop输出output增益gain手动调节manual adjustment 变送器transducer误差error控制方式control mode比例控制proportional control 积分控制integral control微分控制derivative control执行元件manipulating element 调节时间setting time残差residual error不确定度uncertainty观测数据observations采样sample算术平均arithmetic average期望值expected value标准偏差standard deviation下限lower range limit上限upper range limit跨度span分辨率resolution死区dead band灵敏度sensitivity阈值threshold可靠性reliability过量程overrange恢复时间recovery time过载overload过量程极限overrange limit漂移drift准确性accuracy误差error重复性repeatability系统误差systemic error再现性reproducibility校准calibration线速度linear velocity角速度angular velocity弧度radian测速仪tachometer增量式编码器incremental encoder定时计数器timed counter稳定性stability接口interface调节器conditioner开关switch执行器actuator电磁阀solenoid valve连续控制系统sequential control system 触点contact常开normally open常闭normally closed限位开关limit switch继电器relay延时继电器time-delay relay接通电流pull-in current开断电流drop-out current电机启动器motor starter接触器contactor自锁触点holding contact整流器rectifier变流器converter逆变器inverter二极管diode阳极anode阴极cathode正向偏置forward biased反向偏置reverse biased阻断block稳压二极管zener diode晶体管transistor集电极collector基极base发射极emitter共发射极common-emitter双向晶闸管triac正半周positive half-cycle触发电流trigger circuit功率容量power capability功率器件power device晶闸管thyristor导通conduction正向阻断 forward-blocking通态on-state关断状态off-state反向击穿电压reverse breakdown voltage 漏电流leakage current电流额定值current rating漏极drain门极gate缓冲电路snubber circuit均流current sharing额定电压rated voltage可控开关controllable switch相控phase-controlled充电器charger工频line-frequency变换器converter整流rectification逆变inversion可逆调速revesible-speed再生制动regenerative barking关断时间turn-off time纯电阻负载pure resistive load脉动ripple感性负载inductance load周期time period带内部直流电动势的负载load witn an internal DC voltage波形waveform换相commutation稳态steady state交流侧AC-side延时角delay angle交点intersection电力系统power system发电厂generating plant发电机generator负荷load输电网transmission nerwork配电网distribution network电electricity天然气natural gas原理图schematic diagram锅炉boiler热效率thermal efficiency风力wind power断路器circuit breaker变电所substation故障fault过电压overvoltage击穿值breakdown value过电流over current可靠性reliability继电器relay触点contact电流互感器current transformer合闸线圈operating coil分闸线圈trip coilCircuit theory is also valuable to students specializing in other branches of the physical science because circuit are a good model for the study of energy system in general,and because of the applied mathematics,physics,and topology involved.电路理论对于专门研究自然科学其他分支的学生来说也十分有价值，因为电路一般可以很好地作为能量系统研究的模型，并且电路理论涉及应用数学、物理学和拓扑学的相关知识。
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Power systems convert energy to and from electrical form. Signal processing is concerned with information-bearing
electrical signals.
• Why Study Electrical Engineering?
•
• • • • •
Control systems
and magnetic fields.
gather information with sensors and use electrical energy to control a physical process.
Electromagnetics is the study and application of electric Electronics is the study and application of materials, devices
Alternating Current
On the other hand, a current that varies with time, reversing direction periodically, is called alternating current, abbreviated as AC.
q(t ) i (t )dt q(t0 )
t0
t
Example 1.1 Determining Current Given Charge
q(t )( C )
2
0
Suppose that charge versus time is given by
q( t ) 0
t0
100t
q( t ) 2 2e
•国标符号
i
uR u uL uC R L C
+
VCC RB
a + E R0 b
IB UBE
I + U d
IC RC +
c
R
_
I B UCE
_
+ _
VCC
• Electrical Current
• Electrical current is the time rate of flow of electrical charge through a conductor or circuit element.
.
Sinusoidal current
三角波
方波
•Reference Directions
i1=-2A
i2=2A
i3=-1A
Actual Direction
•Double-Subscript Notation for Currents
Example: if iab 1A , then iba 1A
Final Score = 20% experiment performance + 30% exercise performance + 50% exam score
Electrical Engineering and Electronics II
Electrical Engineering and Electronics II
Reasons:
•To pass the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Examination •To have a broad knowledge and you can lead design projects in your own field •To be able to operate and maintain electrical systems •To communicate with electrical engineering consultants
and circuits used in amplifying and switching electrical signals.
Photonics is an exciting new field of science and engineering
that promises to replace conventional computing.
The electrical current flowing through the element in the reference direction is given by
dq(t ) i (t ) dt
Fig.1.4 Current is the time rate of charge flow through a cross section of conductor or circuit element
•Voltages
positive polarity positive charge
positive charge negative polarity
•Voltages’ reference polarity
Another two ways to indicate the reference polarity of a voltage: double subscripts on the voltage variable and an arrow
•Voltages
Voltages are assigned polarities that indicate the direction of energy flow. If positive charge moves from the positive polarity through the element toward the negative polarity, the element absorbs energy that appears as heat, mechanical energy, stored chemical energy, or as some other form. On the other hand, if positive charge moves from the negative polarity toward the positive polarity, the element supplies energy.
-
+
Vab=-5V
Vba=-Vab
1.3 Power And Energy
Consider the circuit element shown in Figure 1.14. Because the current i is the rate of flow of charge and the voltage v is a measure of the energy transferred per unit of charge, the product of the current and the voltage is the rate of energy transfer. In other words, the product of current and voltage is power.
1.1 Overview of Electrical Engineering
Electrical systems have two main objectives: • To gather(采集), store(存储), process (处理) , transport(转换), and present(显示） information • To distribute and convert energy between various forms
Chapter 1 Introduction
4 Course Hours
1. Introduction
1.1 Overview of Electrical Engineering 1.2 Circuits, Currents, and Voltages 1.3 Power and Energy 1.4 Kirchhoff's Current Law 1.5 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law 1.6 Introduction to Circuit Elements 1.7 Introduction to Circuits
Electrical Engineering and Electronics II
Electrical Engineering
Principles and Applications
Hale Waihona Puke Chen Qiangsdnjchq@
Electrical Engineering and Electronics II
t
400
t0
dq(t ) Solution : i (t ) dt 0 t0 200e 100t
i (t ) 200e 100t
t 0
200
t0 0
t ( ms)
Direct Current
When a current’s direction is constant with time, we say that we have direct current, abbreviated as DC.
•Voltages
The voltage associated with a circuit element is the energy transferred per unit of charge that flows through the element. The units of voltage are volts (V), which are equivalent to joules per coulomb (J/C).