正式英语与非正式英语的主要区别
英语写作中正式和非正式文体的语言
简论商务英语写作中正式和非正式文体的语言差异，关键词：商务英语写作正式非正式语言差异中国论文职称论文摘要:商务英语写作是商务活动的重要媒体之一,形式和语体多种多样。
由于公司间贸易关系的亲疏程度不同等因素,商务英语写作可以分成正式和非正式两大类,它们的区别主要从语言上体现出来,本文主要就这方面进行一定的比较和分析。
关键词:商务英语写作正式非正式语言差异Language V ariations in Formal and Informal Business English WritingAbstract:In business activity, correspondence is one of the important media, which has many forms andstyles. Due to such factors as the different relations between businesses, all the writings can be divided intotwo categories, formal and informal. The variations of these two mainly lie in language. This paper is acomparison and analysis in this respect.Keywords: business English writing, formal, informal, language variation一、概述在英语中,“商务”即“business”,它的内涵是多维的。
贸易、旅游、购物、参观、会议、办公等等,只要涉及“business”的,都被认为是商务活动。
商务英语写作作为商务活动的重要媒体之一,承担着不可或缺的作用。
无论是传统的面对面的商务往来还是现代化的网上交易,都缺少不了商务英语写作。
刍议英汉不同文体的语言特点和翻译策略
刍议英汉不同文体的语言特点和翻译策略
英汉两种语言在文体上有很大的差异。
英语文体主要分为三类：正式文体、非正式文体和科技文体。
1.正式文体：用于官方文件、论文、报告等正式场合的
文体。
特点是语言结构严谨、用词准确、口吻庄重。
2.非正式文体：用于日常生活中的非正式场合的文体。
特点是语言结构松散、用词随意、口吻轻松。
3.科技文体：用于科技论文、报告等场合的文体。
特点
是语言结构严谨、用词准确、口吻庄重。
汉语文体主要分为四类：四类汉语文体是：正式文体、非正式文体、口语文体和新闻文体。
1.正式文体：用于官方文件、论文、报告等正式场合的
文体。
特点是语言结构严谨、用词准确、口吻庄重。
2.非正式文体：用于日常生活中的非正式场合的文体。
特点是语言结构松散、用词随意、口吻轻松。
3.口语文体：直接记录口语的文体。
特点是语言结构松
散、用词随意、口吻轻松。
4.新闻文体：用于新闻报道的文体。
特点是语言结构严
谨、用词准确、口吻庄重。
在翻译时，要根据原文的文体来选择相应的译文文体。
比如，如果原文是正式文体，那么译文也应该采用正式文体；如果原文是非正式文体，那么译文也应该采用非正式文体。
此外，在翻译时，还要注意保持语言的一致性，即译文中的语言结构、用词、口吻应与原文保持一致。
另外，在翻译时，还要注意把握语境，即要熟悉原文所在的背景、文化、历史等信息，才能更好地理解原文的意思，并进行准确的翻译。
总之，翻译时要注意文体的一致性、语言的一致性和语境的把握，这些都是很重要的翻译策略。
雅思考试中的正式与非正式英语讲解
雅思考试中的正式与非正式英语讲解正式英语正式英语主要应用于写作中。
这种文体格式通常带有学术性的写作口吻，通常见于学术课本，大学论文，商业信函和合同中。
在口语表达方面，正式英语通常只用于官方或正式场合，例如，在大学毕业典礼上正式欢迎来宾。
正式英语比日常用语使用更多的复杂词汇。
例如，正式用语常常比日常对话使用“更庞大”的词汇。
如以下几个多音节词compensate，ascend 和interrogate。
正式用语还常常使用单个动词(如establish)来代替简单的短语动词(如set up)。
此外，在正式用语中还要尽量避免俚语和口语的出现。
当正式用语应用于写作中时，句子通常较长，较为复杂，也应严格遵循语法规则。
正式写作中，通常较为客观，经常使用it这样的非人称代词和动词的被动形式。
应该尽量避免缩略语和缩写单词的出现。
非正式英语和流行英语非正式英语是大多数人们日常所说的英语。
非正式英语广泛应用于电子邮件和朋友书信中。
使用非正式英语的人们对词汇的选择不太在意，如：非正式英语使用很多较短的单词(如fire，climb和ask)，使用许多口语词汇(如stuff， a lot of，thing和sort of)，还很使用一些短语动词(如使用set up ，而不用establish)。
非正式英语在语法上没有正式英语要求严格，常使用简单的语法结构和比较松散的句子或短语。
在写作中，非正式英语比正式英语常常使用更加个人化的文体，常用第一，第二人称(例如I ，you，we)。
缩写单词(如常常使用it’s，而不是it is)也常常见于非正式英语之中。
而且，非正式英语比正式的写作句式通常更短。
在正式英语写作中，常常使用较为正式的标点符号---而避免分号(;)和冒号(：)的出现，非正式英语则可以出现。
流行英语很少应用于写作中，大多是用于口语之中。
非正式英语中包括大量的俚语。
俚语就是一些非正式的，在礼节性的演讲和正式场合常常被看作不合适的单词或短语表达。
正式英语与非正式英语的主要区别
正式英语与非正式英语的主要区别正式英语与非正式英语的主要区分Main Differences between Formal and Informal EnglishOne of the greatest fears affecting non native speakers of English is not just being misunderstood but also being inappropriate when trying to express something. People often speak of language as being correct or incorrect. It would be more accurate to refer to particular language structures as being formal or informal, appropriate or inappropriate for a specific context.In everyday conversation we do not have to follow the rules of grammar as carefully as we would in a formal address or a business letter. If we adhere too closely to formal rules of grammar in an informal situation, we may come across as being stuffy and unnatural. It is like wearing a tuxedo or a formal gown to an ordinary business meeting. Formal English follows rules of grammar very strictly. Sentences tend to be longer and more complex. It tends to be used in professional and business situations. It is also better organizedand thought out.Informal English on the other hand is generally used with friends and family. A number of grammar expressions have common forms which differ in their formal or informal use. These differences are noted both in written and spoken English. However, they are most notable in written English.As seen in ESL lessons, participating effectively not only requires a solid grasp of English grammar, but also an understanding of key communication factors. If you want more helpful language hints as to themost appropriate forms ofEnglish or key points to take into consideration each time you are usingEnglish, read on.Contracted Forms连写Formal - Don’t use contracted forms, use the entire auxiliary verb: They havelived in New York for many years.Informal - Use contracted forms: They’ve lived in New York for many years.Relative Structures从句Formal - Use relative structures: The woman thought that it was important tobe on time.Informal - Drop certain relative structures: The woman thought it was importantto be on time.The Use of ‘Whom’ “whom"的运用Formal - Use ‘whom’ as an object: Whom have they chosen for the position? Informal - Use ‘who’ as an object: Who have they chosen for the position?Auxiliary Verb Usage助动词的使用Formal - Always use the full form of an auxiliary: Have you finished your work? Informal - Sometimes the auxiliary verb is dropped in informal speech. Note: This is often grammatically incorrect, but is certainly common in everydayusage: Finished your work?Word Choice 动词的挑选Formal - Many words tend to be used in more formal situations. For example,certain verbs tend to be used in formal situations, but have other synonyms (often phrasal verbs) that are used in informal situations. Also, it uses more vocabulary derived from French and Latin (bigger words) It uses moresynonyms and doesn’t repeat the same words as much. The policeinvestigated the situation.Informal synonym: We looked into the situation.Passive structures 被动句Formal - It uses more indirect language, making it less personal. The studentwas given a book.Informal synonym: We gave the student a book.If you liked this article, tell all your friends about it. They’ll thank you for it. If you have a blog or web site, you can link to it or even post it to your own site (don’t forget to mention as the original source).文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
常见的英语问候语正式与非正式场合的区别
★精品文档十常见的英语问候语（正式与非正式场合的区别）我们读书时学过如何用英语打招呼问候，但是其实英语中的问候语有分正式和非正式场合，下面就来介绍下不同场合中如何用英语进行问候。
Greetings are used to say hello in English. It’s common to use different greetings depending on whether you greet a friend, family or a business associate. When you meet friends, use informal greetings. If it ’s really important, use formal greetings. Formal greetings are also used with people you do not know very well.在英语中，问候语被用跟别人打招呼。
根据与你会面的是朋友，家人还是商业伙伴，我们常会使用不同的问候语。
如果确实是在重要的场合，我们会使用正式的问候语。
正式的问候语也可以用于那些不太熟悉的人。
Greetings also depend on whether you are saying hello, or you are saying goodbye.在打招呼或者告别的时候，我们使用的问候语也不同。
Learn the correct phrases using the notes below, and then practice using greetings with the practice dialogues.利用下面的提示，学习正确的短语用法，然后利用下面的对话来练习问候语。
Formal Greetings:Arriving正式问候语：到达Good morning / afternoon / evening.早上好/中午好/晚上好Hello (name), how are you?嗨(人名)，你好吗?Good day Sir / Madam (very formal)先生/太太日安(非常正式)Respond to a formal greeting with another formal greeting.使用正式问候语来回应Good morning Mr. Smith.早上好，史密斯先生。
英语写作中的文体差异
英语写作中的文体差异英语作为一门国际语言，在不同的文化和语境中都有其独特的表达方式。
而与其它语言相比，英语更是拥有多种文体，这也给英语写作带来了更多的选择和挑战。
首先，我们可以看到英语写作中最基础的两种文体：正式和非正式。
正式文体通常在学术、商务等场合中使用，要求语言精准、规范、符合语法和语义规则，并且多采用被动语态和介词短语等较为复杂的句式。
而非正式文体则相对轻松随意，语言更富于表现力和口语化，多用简单句和俚语来表达言辞。
我们可以通过以下两个例子来感受这种不同：正式文体例子：The user experience of this product ought to be optimized in order to achieve an optimal level of satisfaction among customers.非正式文体例子：This product should feel good to use so that more people want to buy it and recommend it to their friends.显然，正式文体更适用于需要呈现严谨、专业和严肃的场合，如学术论文、商务合同等；而非正式文体更适用于需要表达轻松愉悦、亲切和随意的场合，如个人日记、社交媒体等。
除此之外，英语写作中还存在各种专门的文体，如散文、诗歌、小说、科幻等。
这些文体都有自己独特的特点和风格。
例如，散文通常以自由流畅的句子和修辞手法为主，试图表达作者内心的情感和思想；而诗歌则更强调押韵、韵律和音乐性，意在创造出优美的声音效果。
此外，在不同文化和语境中，英语写作也存在着更为细微的文体差异。
例如，在美国和英国的英语写作中，常用的单词、句法和修辞手法都略有不同。
在美国英语中，常使用第一人称代词“I”和“we”，而在英国英语中则多用第二人称代词“you”和第三人称代词“one”。
在句子结构上，美国英语更为简洁明了，而英国英语则更偏重于修辞和间接表达。
正式英语与非正式英语
从句比不定式的形式正式 It is important that we should do it (for us to do it). It seems that he is a teacher. (He seems to be a teacher.)
3) 和kind 连用的名词单数比复数正式。 This kind of dog (These kinds of dogs are) is easy to train. I like most kind of cat (cats).
句子结构
➢倒装句比不倒装句正式。 Had I known it (If I had known it) I would have told you. Hardly have I seen this. (I have hardly seen this.)
Summary
就像中文一样，英语里面也分正式和非正式用法。对于新手来说，弄错用错是非常正常的。 为了要达到熟练把握这两者的区别和用法场合上的不同，需要长期的努力。但是，有一些 最基本的，最直接的区别还是能够让人一目了然。下面就列出几条。
1、简单句通常是用在非正式环境。 2、过去分词，独立主格结构，动名词形式作修饰通常用在正式环境。 3、排比，修辞，并列句通常用在正式场合。 4、Anglo-Saxon词源的词一般用在非正式场合。 5、French，Greek，Latin词源的词一般是用在正式场合，而且通常为多音节词。 6、Have not, Must not, Can not等在正式场合不能缩写为haven't, mustn't, can't。 7、非正式场合who可以替代whom。 8、非正式场合，在虚拟语气中，当主语是I，he的时候谓语可以用was代替were。 9、俚语，口语表达用在非正式场合。 10、动词词组通常表示非正式的意思，为了表示正式意思可以找到相近意思的词代替
英语中常见的正式表达方式与非正式表达方式
在正式的场合需要使用正式的表达方式，表达敬意和严谨；在非正式场合使用非正式的表达方式，拉近彼此之间的距离，提高谈话的弹性和舒适性，以下列举常见的正式表达方式与对应的非正式表达方式。
1. 你好吗？How do you do? >>——-<< What’s up?解析：What's up 的发音还可以是 wassup 或 whaddup，在非正式场合中，”What's up“ 是一个非常随便的问候语，表面上译为”怎么了或发生什么事了“，实际上不涉及对某些事的具体更新信息，相当于 what is the matter 或 what is happening，例如：'What's up?', I said to him.—'Nothing much,' he answered.“怎么了？”，我对他说。
—没什么，他回答。
2. 很高兴见到你It is a pleasure to meet you >>——<< Nice to meet you3. 在你方便的时候尽早At your earliest convenience >>——<< As soon as you can4. 担心你，关心你Concerned about you >>——<< Worried about you5. 首先Firstly , >>——<< To start with/…, For a start6. 代我向…问好Give my regards to >>——<< Say hello to7. 你最近有她的消息吗？Have you heard from her lately? >>——<< Heard from her lately?8. 你看到过汤姆吗？Have you seen Tom? >>——<< Seen Tom?9. 我同意安娜…的看法/安娜是正确的I agree with my colleague, Anna, that… >>——<< Anna’s right.10. 我想提醒你的是…I would like to remind you that… >>——<< Don’t forget11. 非常感谢I appreciate your assistance ! >>——<< Thanks a lot!12. 由于…In light of the fact that >>——<< Because13. 我认为…It is my opinion that… >>——<< I think…14. 我需要做…It is necessary for me to… >>——<< I need to…15. 你不必…It is not necessary for you to… >>——<< You don’t hafta (不得不，只好)…16. 我们建议…It is recommended >>——<< We recommend17. 很抱歉，…/因…，很抱歉Please accept our apologies for… >>——<< Sorry…18. 而且，此外Secondly/ Besides / Furthermore, >>——<< Another good thing is/ What’s more/ Not only that,19. 最后Lastly, >>——<< And one of the best things is…/ And best of all, / The most important thing is…20. 她能…She has the ability >>——<< She can21. 该计划已付诸实践The plan was implemented / carried out >>——<< They put the plan into action22. 我们的目的地Our destination >>——<< The place where we want to go23. 我很抱歉地通知你…I regret to inform you of… >>——<< I’m sorry to tell you that…24. 你能…I was hoping that you could… >>——<< Could you…?25. 不成问题It will cease to be a problem >>——<< It won’t be a problem anymore26. 人们开始厌倦这些事。
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正式英语与非正式英语的主要区别
Main Differences between Formal and Informal English
One of the greatest fears affecting non native speakers of English is not just being misunderstood but also being inappropriate when trying to express something. People often speak of language as being correct or incorrect. It would be more accurate to refer to particular language structures as being formal or informal, appropriate or inappropriate for
a specific context.
In everyday conversation we do not have to follow the rules of grammar as carefully as we would in a formal address or a business letter. If we adhere too closely to formal rules of grammar in an informal situation, we may come across as being stuffy and unnatural. It is like wearing a tuxedo or a formal gown to an ordinary business meeting. Formal English follows rules of grammar very strictly. Sentences tend to be longer and more complex. It tends to be used in professional and business situations.
It is also better organized and thought out.
Informal English on the other hand is generally used with friends and family. A number of grammar expressions have common forms which differ in their formal or informal use. These differences are noted both in written and spoken English. However, they are most notable in written
English.
As seen in ESL lessons, participating effectively not only requires a solid grasp of English grammar, but also an understanding of key communication factors. If you want more helpful language hints as to the most appropriate forms of English or key points to take into consideration each time you are using English, read on.
Contracted Forms连写
Formal - Don’t use contracted forms, use the entire auxiliary verb: They have lived in New York for many years.
Informal - Use contracted forms: They’ve lived in New York for many years.
Relative Structures从句
Formal - Use relative structures: The woman thought that it was important
to be on time.
Informal - Drop certain relative structures: The woman thought it was
important to be on time.
The Use of ‘Whom’ “whom"的运用
Formal - Use ‘whom’ as an object: Whom have they chosen for the position? Informal - Use ‘who’ as an object: Who have they chosen for the position?
Auxiliary Verb Usage助动词的使用
Formal - Always use the full form of an auxiliary: Have you finished your
work?
Informal - Sometimes the auxiliary verb is dropped in informal speech. Note: This is often grammatically incorrect, but is certainly common in everyday usage: Finished your work?
Word Choice 动词的选择
Formal - Many words tend to be used in more formal situations. For example, certain verbs tend to be used in formal situations, but have other synonyms (often phrasal verbs) that are used in informal situations. Also, it uses more vocabulary derived from French and Latin (bigger words) It uses more synonyms and doesn’t repeat the same words as much. The police
investigated the situation.
Informal synonym: We looked into the situation.
Passive structures 被动句
Formal - It uses more indirect language, making it less personal. The
student was given a book.
Informal synonym: We gave the student a book.
If you liked this article, tell all your friends about it. They’ll thank you for it. If you have a blog or website, you can link to it or even post it to your own site (don’t forget to mention as the
original source).。