人教版新目标英语八年级下册 Unit3 第3课时 教案设计
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
Section B（1a-1e）教案
一、Teaching aims：
（一）Knowledge and skills：
1. Be able to make a polite request and ask for permissions.
2. Develop students’ listening and speaking skills.
（二）Process and method: Do some listening and speaking practice.
（三）Moral object: Lead the students to know that be polite is the best key to communicate.
二、Teaching key points:be able to understand the conversations about making
requests and asking for permissions.
三、Teaching difficult points: train students’ listening and speaking skills.
四、Teaching aids: A projector
五、Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Lead in (revision)
Show some phrases and sentences to review what we have learned in section A, then do some exercise to examine.
Eg. 1.—Could I use your computer?
—No, you ___. I have to ___ it.
A. could; working on
B. can; work on
C. couldn’t; work on
D. can’t; work on
2. I think children should help ___ housework at home.
A. to
B. with
C. for
D. of
3. Could you please _________ (make)your bed.
4. Mary______ (make) her bed every day.
5. Look! my mother ____________ (fold) the clothes
6. He _______ (sweep)the floor and _______ (take) out the rubbish yesterday . Step 2 Presentation
1. learn new words: listen to the tape.
2.lead in
Lo ok at the pictures and ask students “What do your parents ask you to do?” and What do you ask your parents’ permission for?
上图是图片导入
3.activities 1a
Let students know what they should do in this part. Say, look at items on the list. Some of these things only parents usually ask and some of them only teenagers usually ask. Ask students to complete the writing on their own books. Remind the students to write “parents” after each item parents ask teenagers to do, and write “teenagers” after each item teen agers ask their parents to do.
Check the answers and try to remember these phrases.
1.buy some drinks and snacks
2. borrow some money
3. clean your room
4. invite my friends to a party
5. go to the store
6. use your CD player
7. take out the rubbish
8. make your bed
4. Teach activity 1b
This activity provides guided oral practice using the target language.
Point out the sample conversation, ask students to read it. Then make their own conversations by using the phrases in 1a.
Parent: Could you please…?
Child: Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to ...
clean your room
take out the rubbish
Child: Could I …?
Parent: Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. You ...
buy some drinks and snacks
borrow some money
invite my friends to a party
go to the store
Step 3 listening Practice
1.Teach activity 1c
Read the instructions. Point to the items in 1a. Say, listen to the conversation between Sandy and her mom. Please check each item they talked about.
Play the recording for twice. Then correct the answers.
2.Teach activity 1d
This activity gives students practice in understanding and writing the target language. Say, this time you have to write what the three people are going to do.
Play the recoding again. Let students finish this part. Then correct
the answers.
Step 4 Consolidation: teach activity 1e
This activity provides guided oral practice using the target language. imagine, one student has the party and ask for help to do chores. And then try to write on the paper.
Step 5 Summary
In this period, we have mainly done some listening and speaking practice to consolidate the target language. Through the practice, we also developed our listening and speaking skills.
Step 6 Homework
1.Remember the words and phrases in 1a.
2.To preview the e-mail message on P22, finish 2c,2d.。
人教版八年级英语下册Unit3优秀教学案例
2.问题导向的教学策略：本节课通过设计具有启发性和思考性的问题，如"你能想到哪些交通方式？"和"当你不知道怎么去一个地方时，你会怎么办？"，引导学生主动探究和发现知识。这种问题导向的教学策略不仅培养了学生的思维能力，还提高了他们的学习积极性。
4.教师在小组合作过程中进行巡视指导，关注学生的学习进度和需求，及时给予帮助和反馈。
（四）反思与评价
1.学生对自己在课堂上的表现进行反思，如对所学知识的理解和运用情况进行评估。
2.学生之间进行相互评价，发现他人的优点和不足，进行总结和借鉴。
3.教师对学生的学习情况进行评价，关注学生的进步和问题，为下一步教学提供参考。
4.教育学生遵守交通规则，注意交通安全，培养良好的交通意识。
三、教学策略
（一）情景创设
1.结合实际生活场景，设计学生熟悉的交通方式、路线和方向的情境，如上学、购物、旅游等。
2.使用图片、地图、道具等辅助材料，营造真实、生动的学习氛围。
3.角色扮演法，让学生扮演不同角色，如问路者、指路者等，进行实际交流互动。
为了营造一个轻松愉快的学习氛围，我在课堂上注重与学生的情感交流，关心他们的学习进度，及时给予鼓励和表扬。在教学过程中，我始终以学生为中心，关注他们的需求，努力让每一个学生在课堂上都能感受到成功的喜悦。
二、教学目标
（一）知识与技能
1.学生能够掌握与交通方式、路线和方向相关的词汇，如bus, train, plane, street, turn, left, right等。
八年级下英语Unit3教案 人教新目标版
优秀英语教师说课稿 9A Unit 3A Brief Instruction to the topic of"What should I do "Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. My name is LiYiCai. I come from Shangyuan Middle School in Nanjing.Today I'm going to talk about the topic" What should I do "I will divide the instruction into seven parts: they are Teaching material Analysis, Teaching aims, Teaching emphasis, Teaching difficulties, Teaching methods, Teaching aids and Teaching procedures.Part 1 Teaching material analysisThis period is from Unit 3 of 9A Oxford English. First of all,I'd like to talk about my understanding about this lesson.We have learned Star sings in Unit 1 and Colours and moods in Unit 2.We have also learned how to write a formal recommendation letter and how to write a report on the moods of people in last two units.Today we are going to learn two letters to a famous youth worker about Millie's and Simon's problems.So this unit links with a special meaning of Unit 1 and Unit 2.This period is the first lesson of Reading.The main idea of the topic is how to express their problems and ask for advice.We are going to learn the ways to deal with problems and stress in following lessons.So this period is very important in this unit.Part 2 Teaching aims1.Aims of the knowledge:(1)To know the spelling of some words and usage of some phrases.(2)To learn something about Millie's and Simon's problems.(3)To grasp the main idea of Reading and use the information to talk to others about one's problems and how to deal with them.2.Aims of the ablilities:(1)To improve the ability of getting information by reading.(2)To improve the ability of retelling the story.3.Aims of the emotion:(1)To understand how to write about problems and to express feelings.(2)To ask for advice to solve the problems.Part 3 Teaching emphasis1.To master the 'to'-infinitives and 'wh-'words+'to'-infinitives.2.To get the ability of general reading and getting information.Part 4 Teaching difficulties1.To recognize and understand vocabulary about problems.2.To ask for advicePart 5 Teaching methodsIn this topic,I will use five-step Teaching Method and Task-based language Teaching.I design some tasks to help the students learn.I think if I want to improve the students' oral English,I should give them enough chances to practice and I will use pair work,group work to let the students take an active part in all kinds of activities.That is "Learning by doing,learning by using".Let the students be the masters of the class teaching,thus,student-centered teaching method is well shown.Part 6 Teaching aidsProjector,slide show,tape recorder and blackboardPart 7 Teaching procedureStep Ⅰ.Lead-inThe purpose is to arouse the students'interest of study.Let's have a free talk.T:Have you got problemsS:Yes.T:What is itS:Eating too much makes me unhealthy.T:What about youStep Ⅱ.PresentationThe purpose is to develop the skills of skimming and how to gain the main idea of the articles.1.Ask students to read two letters and answer the following questions:①Wh at is Millie's favourite hobby (Painting)②What is Millie's problem (She doesn't have enough time for hobbies and home work.)③When does Simon play football (After school until late)④How do his parents feel about it(They don't like this and ask him to go home before 6 p.m.)2.Ask students if there are words that they do not know.Explain some new words briefly.deal;choice;complete;refuse;accept;spare;doubt;whether;Step Ⅲ.PracticeThe purpose is to develop the skills of scanning and how to gain the details from the articles.1.Listen to the tape and answer some question about "True"or"False".2.Ask students to read the articles again and explain some important phrases.How to solve the problems;hand in;on time;at the moment;can't find any time for my hobbies;feel bad;give up;achieve a balance between the two;hear form;make unhappyStep Ⅳ.RetellingThe purpose is to develop the skills of retelling with the key words1.Ask students to make sentences with phrases that we have learned.2.Try to retell the outline of the articles.3.Encourage students to say something about themselves.Step Ⅴ.Summary and homeworkThe purpose is to give the students a clear idea of how to express their problems and revise the articles.1.Ask students to revise the words and phrases2.Ask students to write a letter about himself after class.During my teaching,I'll try my best to get my class alive and encourage the students to talk with each other in English.I think the general aim of English teaching is to improve the ability of using English.And I'll use this to guide my teaching.Thank you!。
新人教版八年级英语下册unit3教案
新人教版八年级英语下册unit3教学设计新人教版八年级英语下册Unit3 Could you please clean your room ?Section A (1a — 2c)教学设计Teaching Aims :1、Knowledge Objects :(1)、Master the key words and phrases:rubbish, take out the rubbish, fold, sweep, floor, mess、(2)、Target language :—Could you please 、、、?—Yes, sure、 /All right 、 /No problem、/Certainly/Of course、Sorry, I can't、 I have to do、、、Sorry, I can't、 I am doing、、、—Could I 、、、?—Yes, you can、 /Sorry, you can’t、2.Ability Objects :(1)、Learn to make a polite request and ask for permissions、(2)、Be able to understand the dialouges about making a polite request and asking for permissions、3、Moral Objects :(1)、Lead the students to know that it’s always right to be polite、(2)、Chores are part of fun in our life、Teaching Key Points :1、Master the new words and expressions、2、How to make a polite request and ask for permissions、Teaching Difficult Points :Be able to make polite requests and ask for permissions、Teaching Aids :A tape recorder, A projector、Teaching Procedures :Step 1 Lead-inGreet the class ang listen a song“我爱我家”、(Show some pictures about home in the projector、)Ask some questions:Eg: Do you like your family ? Do you like your father ? Do you like your mother ? Who is the busiest at your home? Why is your house clean?Step 2 Presentation1、Introduction and new words learning、T:Your mothers are always busy, beacuse there are many chores at home、 (Learn chore、) For example : do the dishes, take out the rubbish, fold the clothes, sweep the floor, make the bed, clean the living room、Next teach the new words and phrases by using the pictures in the projector、Then ask students“what other chores do you know?”2、Guessing game、 What is she doing ?3、Pair work、 Do you do these things at home? Write“Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”、4、The key sentence introduction、T:If you want Peter to do the dishes, what should yousay ?“Peter, do the dishes、”“Can you do the dishes ”“?Could you please do the dishes ?”Which sentence is the most polite ?Ss :Could you please do the dishes ?T:Here, could is not the past tense、 Using could is more polite、—Could you please 、、、?Yes, sure、 /All right 、 /No problem、/Certainly/Of course、Sorry, I can't、 I have to do、、、Sorry, I can't、 I am doing、、、Step 3 Teaching activitiesActivity 1 Group work 、Welcome to my room ! But this is a dirty room 、 How to make the room clean? Division of labor within the group 、The fastest group is the winner、 The key sentence:—Could you please 、、、?Yes, sure、 /All right 、 /No problem、/Certainly/Of course、Sorry, I can't、 I have to do、、、Sorry, I can't、 I am doing、、、Activity 2 Listening 、1、Review the chores、 Then listen to the tape, who will do these chores?Check √()Peter’s mother or Peter、2、Listen again, finish the blanks、3、Role play the tapescript、 The boys PK the girls、Activity 3 Interview 、Who is the most able at home?1、 What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in group、2、 Then one student make a report to the class、“In my group,⋯、does the dishes every day,⋯We think ⋯ is the most able one in our group、”3、The awards、Give the awards to the most able student in each group、Step 4 Summary1、 New vocabularydo the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the trash, make the bed, fold the clothes, clean the room2、—Could you please 、、、?—Yes, sure、 /All right 、 /No problem、/Certainly/Of course、Sorry, I can't、 I have to do、、、Sorry, I can't、 I am doing、、、、Step5 Homework1. Conversation practice:Make a conversation between you and your parent about doing the chores、 Remember to use the sentences we learnt today、2. Review and remember the new words、【B lackboard Design】Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Section A1a—1cLove our parents!Help do the chores!A: Could you please do thedishes?B:Yes,Ican、/Sure、/Certainly 、/Yes, sure、/Of course、/Sorry,I。
八年级英语下册U3教案3新版人教
教材内容
Unit 3 could you please clean your room? 3
上课时间
月 日 第节
教 具
PPT
课 型
New teaching
教
学目
标
知 识 与 技 能
1. Readthe words and
and ,snacks, borrow some money r, teenager disagree(A.B.C)
B: Sure, no problem. But _____ we go to the movies after that?
A: Sure. I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. Then we can go to the movies.
make the bed, sweep the floor, stay out late, be angry with sb., take sb. for a walk
clean the living room, work on, come over, do the housework, get a ride
Shall we + do sth.?
Would you mind + sth. /doing sth.?
What / How about + sth. /doing sth.?
肯定回答有Sure. /Of course. / Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. / Good idea. / I agree. 等。否定回答有Sorry… / No, you can’t.等。
八年级英语下册Unit3教学案人教新目标版
八年级下册 Unit3 教学案、课堂要求：1.练习掌握本单元的基础知识：一般过去时的用法；以when和while引导的状语从句。
2.能够通过练习熟练掌握如何谈论过去发生的事。
Section A固定短语1.be busy with sth / be busy doing sth 忙于某事2.get out of ···从···出来3.walk down the street 沿着街走4.at around ten o‘clock 在大约10点钟5.an unusual experience 一个不寻常的经历6.take a shower 洗澡7.on one’s way to 在某人去~~的路上8.as a country tercher 作为一名乡村教师9.hurt one’s feeling 伤害某人的感情10.take off 飞机起飞；脱下衣服11.go after = follow 跟随12.begin to do sth 开始去做某事重点句型1.The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.当UFO着路的时候，这个男孩正沿着街走。
2．While the boy was walking down the street ,the UFO landed.当UFO着路的时候，这个男孩正沿着街走。
When / while 都有“当~~时”之意，引导时间状语从句。
短暂性谓语动词的句子用一般过去时态，延续性动词用过去进行时态。
自主先学： 1.预习课本18，19页，找出下列词组单词1 不明飞行物____________2、理发师______________3、理发店__________________4、浴室________________5、卧室，寝室_________________6、厨房__________________7、出去，离开____________8、外星人________________9、动词buy的过去时__________ 10、着陆____________11、动词get的过去式_____________12、起飞___________________ 13、当的时候___________________短语1在浴室里_________________________2、在厨房里___________________________3、在我的卧室里_________________________4、在我的理发店_______________________5、在图书馆前面________________________6、在理发店的椅子上____________________7、在图书馆里学习_______________________8、打扫我的房间_____________________9、睡过头____________________________10、做奶昔_____________________________ 11、做饭_________________________12、从浴室里出来____________________________ 13、打电话_________________________14、吃午饭_________________________________ 15、理发_________________________16、起飞___________17电视台___________ 18.出去，离开________________2.完成课本1a 要求，图文搭配。
新目标八年级英语下册Unit 3教学设计
新目标八年级英语下册Unit 3教学设计Unit3教学设计一、教学内容及分析本单元以生活中发生的有趣事情及富有科普意义的不明飞行物UFo作为话题，其语言功能是谈论过去发生的事情，学会讲故事，进而培养学生热爱科学、探索科学、热爱生活的情感。
是在学习了一般过去时态和现在进行时态的基础上，通过讲故事的方式，学习过去进行时态，继续巩固一般过去时态，学习when、while引导的时间状语从句，进而加深对一般过去时态和过去进行时态意义的理解和应用。
SectionA：活动1a至2c主要通过听说的方式，描述UFo的发生过程，在情景中呈现并学习了过去进行时态的意义及其结构，学习了when和while 引导的时间状语从句。
活动3a至活动4通过读写的方式，通过任务驱动，讲述了UFo故事的结尾，然后通过小组交流活动，应用巩固过去进行时态。
SectionB：在SectionA的基础上进一步升华，应用前面学习的知识谈论学生身边常发生的事情，增强语言的真实实用性，教材编排按照先听说后读写循序渐进的方式，便于学生掌握和巩固。
Selfcheck目的是检测重点词汇、目标语言的应用，是学生单元复习和小结的指南。
教材以循序渐进的方式逐步呈现、操练、巩固、提高和复习新的语言，通过任务驱动的方式，从生活中来，到生活中去，体现语言的工具性和交际性。
听、说、读、写贯穿整个学习过程，让学生体验合作交流的学习方式，感受语言学习之乐。
二、学习者特征分析本单元的主要目标是学习掌握过去进行时态，巩固应用一般过去时态，学会讲故事或描述身边发生的事情，它是在学生已经学习了现在进行时态和一般过去时态的基础上继续学习的。
对于八年级的学生，学生已经有了一定的词汇量，特别是要用好多的动词，学生有了一定的基础，这样便于教学内容的突破；更好的是教材选编了一些富有科普意义的UFo，更能激发学生的好奇心和学习兴趣，所以本单元的学习，学生应该能轻松的掌握。
三、单元整体目标分析1、知识与能力：（1）、Vocabulary（词汇）A、Newwordsandphrasesbarbershop，bathroom，bedroom，kitchen，UFo，alien，experience，accident，cuttinghair，climbing，jumping，shouting，land，getoutof，takeoff，follow，happen，scared，strange，amazingB、Recyclingshop，store，library，supermarket，museum，TVstation，police，boy，girl，reporter，called，tookaphoto，eatinglunch，crowded（2）、Grammar（语法）A、Structures （语言结构）Adverbialclausewithwhen，while QuestionsandstatementswithpastprogressiveReviewPasttenseB、Targetlanguage（目标语言）whatwereyoudoingwhentheUFoarrived?Iwassittingintheb arber’schair.Thebarberwascuttingmyhair.whilehewasbuyingas ouvenir,agirlcalledthepolice.（3）、Functions（功能）Talkaboutpastevents.Tellastory.2、过程与方法本单元通过听说读写各种活动，了解了UFo，学习了UFo 的故事发生过程，巩固掌握一般过去时态和过去进行时态，能够讲述或者复述故事，描述自己身边发生的事情。
人教版八年级英语下册unit3第三课时导学案0优秀教学教案说课稿
2 Coud I watch one how firt
3 I can’t wor a da
4 You watch TV a the time
5 “What ha
e and
a the time（在该段时间内）一直；向来，一向；时时刻刻；每时每刻
1 Neither of u did an houewor for a wee
2 M mom came over a oon a I at down in front of the TV
3 You’re tired, but I’m tired, too
3cDecide whether the underined word in the entence are verb or noun Then write another entence uing the underined word in the other form
【合作探究】
合作探究
3aRead the om angr with Nanc
3 Did the ove the How
3bRead the tor again and read the entence beow Underine the entence from the reading that mean the ame thing
Your ooth a mine你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。
a … a的否定形式为“not a/o ad/adv a”。
eg He didn’t act a we a ou他表现得不如你好。
【反馈检测】
根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。
英语人教版八年级下册Unit3 Section A 第三课时 教学设计
教材版本：新人教版八年级英语下册
授课人：张丽娜（大）
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
Section A3 Grammar focus — 4c
教学设计
一、教材分析
二、教学流程
三、教后反思
本节课很好的达到了教学目标，学生在最后的对话展示中能够灵活的使用目标语言，并且在表演中深刻的理解到在家里应该帮助自己的家人分担家务。
在本节课中，将学生们分成了4个异质小组，在每个小组中有优生两名，他们每次回答问题得1分；中等生两名，他们每次回答问题得2分；学困生2名，他们每次回答问题得3分，最后我们要看哪一个组的整体得分最高。
这样的一种评价机制极大的调动了各组的小组长及其他优生和中等生积极的管理自己组的学困生，不时的督促他们，学困生回答问题后，为自己的小组挣得了最高分，使他们有了学习的成功体验，极大的提高了学生们的学习积极性。
在本节课中白海东和申世成两名学生的表现尤为突出，以前他们很少回答问题，但在本节课中，他们每次回答问题都会举手。
在今后的教学中，我们更应该精心备课，提高课堂效率，努力使更多的学生在课堂上有成功体验，以学生们会学，爱学为终极教学目标。
但愿我们的课堂百花盛开，芬芳四溢！。
人教版英语八年级下册大单元整体教学设计【新课标】Unit 3
Section B部分是对家务劳动这一主题的发展和延伸讨论，侧重表达孩子和家长在家庭事务方面的不同分工及关系。加强学生的家庭责任意识教育。老师在教学过程中要引导学生对不同观点的内容进行提取和理解，并让他们根据不同的观点进行辩论，锻炼学生的思维。
单元
学情
分析
已有
基础
八年级的学生更愿意在课堂学习过程中参与到活动中来，希望有更多的机会用英语来表达自己的观点。本单元的话题来自学生的生活经历，学生在人教版英语七年级下册Unit 4 Don' t eat in class Section B中己经学习了许多表示家务劳动的动词短语:do the dishes, help his mom make breakfast, clean his room等，为学生们的口语表达和书面表达提供了语言基础。关于could表达委婉请求和获得许可的肯定及否定回答可能会错用。因此在设计课堂教学活动时，通过设立学生的真实生活场景，将学生带入语言情境，激发学生兴趣，积极参与到课堂学习和创新之中，多次复现,击破重难点，从而达到运用掌握。
3.能够就青少年是否应当承担家务劳动发表自己的观点。运用英语熟练表达各种家务英文活，掌握陈述观点的英文词汇和列举，说明原因结果的各种连词。
4.初步了解议论文的最简单最常用的写作结构和写作的方法技巧，理清范文结构，能独立仿写范文。能与小组成员合作讨论，碰撞思维，发表观点并且给出理由，发现并改正语法及拼写错误。
人教版新目标八下Unit3精品教案
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Period 1 Section A 1a-2d【导学目标】1.Master the key words and sentences:(1) Key words:rubbish, fold, sweep, floor, mess(2)Sentences:Could you please clean the floor?Can I use your computer?I think 2 hours of TV is enough for you!She won’t be happy if she sees this mess.2.Learn to talk about abilities.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points and Difficult Points1.Master the key words and expressions.2.Master the use of structure “Could...?”.【导学过程】Step1.Lead-in (3 minutes)Free talk:T:I usually wash clothes at home.What about you?What do you usually do at home? S:...T:Do you often help your parents do the dishes?S:...T:What do you often do to help your parents?S:...Step 2.Presentation: look and say (5 minutes)1. Show some pictures and teach the new words and sentences.2.Let the students read the new words and remember them.3.Have a chant to consolidate the new words.Step 3.Activity 1a(5 minutes)1.Have students look at the pictures in Part 1a on the screen.Discuss the chores with partners.2.Ask the students to show their dialogues.3.Play a game:memory test. Ask students to speak out answers together.Step 4. Activity 1b (4 minutes)1.Have the students read the instructions and know how to do them.2.Play the tape for two times.The first time, ask students to listen carefully and write the answers.The second time,listen and check the answers.3.Follow the tape. Let students pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation. Step 5.Activity 1c (3 minutes)1.Give students enough time to practice the conversations about 1a.2.Ask them to make their own conversations. For example:A: Could you please sweep the floor ?B: Yes,sure. Can you do the dishes?C: Well, could you please do them? I’m going to clean the living room.D: No problem.Step 6.Activity 2a and 2b (5 minutes)1.Get the students have a quick look at the instructions of these two activities, so they can know how to do them.2.Play the recording the first time for the first time to get the main idea.3.Play it again for then to complete the sentences in 2b.4.Check the answers.5.Follow the tape.Step 7.Activity 2c (3 minutes)1.Work in pairs to talk about chores.2.Invite several pairs to act out their conversations.Step 8. Activity 2d (7 minutes)3.1.Role play the conversation and think about what others would like to say to you and try to make the conversations. Please begin with: Could you please …?2.Read after the tape,pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.4.Ask students to make a report like this:Hello! I’m … In my group, … does the dishes and cleaning._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____ .We think ... is the most able one at home.5.Explain some language points.Step 9. Summary (2 minutes)Let the students think about what we have learned in the period.Step 10. Exercises (8 minutes)Let the students finish the exercises to consolidate what we have learned today. 【探究归纳】1.Could you please take out the rubbish?take out 拿出来, 取出来He took a dictionary out. 他拿出来一本字典。