语言学概论练习题

语言学复习1 ・ Which of the following statements about Ianguage is NOT true?A. Language is a system.B. Language is symbolic.C. Animals also have Ianguage・D. Language is arbitrary・2. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?A. Symbolic.B. Dual.C. Productive.D. Arbitrary.3. What are the dual structures of language?A. Sounds and letters.B. Sounds and meaning.C. Letters and meaning.D. Sounds and symbols・4. Which of the following statements can be used to describe *displacement； one of the uniqueproperties of language?A. We can easily teach our children to learn a certain Ianguage・B・ We can use both 'shiT and ^ree* to describe the same thing.C. We can use Ianguage to refer to something not present.D. We can produce sentences that have never been heard before.5. What is the most important function of Ianguage?A. InterpersonalB. PhaticC. Informative. D・ Metalingual6. Which of the following is one of the core branches of linguistics?A. Phono logyB. Psycholi nguisticsC. Socio-linguistics・D. Anthropology・7. Which of the following branches of linguistics takes the inner Structure of word as its main objectof study?A. Phonetics.B. Semantics.C. Morphology.D. Syntax.8. Which of the following modes of study emphasizes on the ”standards” of languag e?A. Prescriptive.B. Descriptive・C. Synchronic. D・ Diachronic.9. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. HallidayD. Anonymous10. The disti nction betwee n compete nee and performa nee is proposed by_ ・A. Saussure B・ HallidayC. ChomskyD. the Prague School11. ________________________ According to Chomsky, i s the ideal users internalized knowledge of his language.A. compete nee B・ parole C・ performs nee D・ I angue12. ____ i s a design feature of human Ianguage that enables speakers to talk about a wide rangeof things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space.A. DisplacementB. ArbitrarinessC. DualityD. Productivity13. The function of the sentence M A nice day, is n't it?H is _____A. informativeB. phaticC. directiveD. performative14. General linguistics is the scientific study of ________A. Ian guage of a certai n in dividualB. the German languageC. human Ianguages in generalD. the system of a particular language1-5 CABCC 6-10 ACAAC 11-14 AABC1 ・ Articulatory phonetics mainly studies ___.A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechB. the perception of soundsC. the combination of soundsD. the production of sounds2. Where are the vocal cords?A. In the mouth・B・ In the nasal cavity.C. Above the tongue・D. Inside the larynx・3. The disti nctio n betwee n vowels and cons on ants lies in ___A. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of air-streamC. the position of the tongueD. the shape of the lips4. Which of the following phonetic descriptions matches the English consonant [p]?A. A voiceless bilabial stop・B. A voiced bilabial stop.C. A voiceless den tai stop.D. A voiced dental fricative ・5. What is the comm on factor of the three sounds: [p], [k], [t]?A. VoicelessB. SpreadC. VoicedD. Nasal6. What phonetic feature distinguish the [p] in please and the [p] in speak?A. VoicingB. AspirationC. Roundness D・ Nasality7. Which of the following sounds is a vowel glide?A. [t]B. [o] c. [ ei ] D. [dau]8. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature in English?A. voicingB. nasalC. approximationD. aspiration9. Which of the following is not one of the criteria of vowel description?A. The part of the tongue that is raised.B. The extent to which the tongue rises・C. The shape of the lips.D. The extent to which the teeth draw togethe匚10. Which of the following sounds is a back vowel?A. [i]B. [w]C. [e]D. [u]11 ・The diphthong in the word bite is composed of: _ ・A. [a] and [i]B. [e] and [i]C. [a] and [e]D. [o] and [i]12. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms ofA・ manner of articulation B. openness of mouthC. place of articulationD. voicing13. The pho no logical features of the consonant [k] are _ ・A. voiced stopB. voiceless stopC. voiced fricativeD. voiceless fricative14. [e] is different from [a] in _____A. the shape of the lipsB. the height of the tongueC. the part of the tongue that is raisedD. the position of the soft palate15. [p] is different from [k] in _____A. the manner of articulationB. the shape of the lipsC. the vibration of the vocal cordsD. the place of articulation16. Vibration of the vocal cords results in ______A. aspirationB. nasalityC. obstructionD. voicing1-5 DDBAA 6-10 BCDDD 11-16AABBDD1. ___ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds andprovides methods for their description, classification and transcription.A. Phon eticsB. Phono logy C・ Sema ntics D・ Pragmatics2. ___ studies the sound systems in a certain Ianguage.A. Phon eticsB. Phono logyC. Sema ntics D・ Pragmatic3. Which of the following groups of words is a minimal pair?A. but-pubB. wet-whichC. cool-curlD. fail-findMinimal pair （最＜|\语又寸）refers to two different forms that are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the string.Bad-batAllophones （音位变体）refers to different phones that represent a phoneme in different phonetic envir on mentsthe [p] in please and the [p] in speak4. Minimal pairs are used to _____ ・A. find the distinctive features of a language.B. find the phonemes of a language・C. compare two words・D. find the allophones of a language.5. If two similar sound segments n ever occur in the same phonetic environ me nt, the n they are _.A. two separate phon ernes.B. two allophones of a phoneme・C. two free variations of a phoneme.D. a minimal pair.6. Which of the following distinctive features can be used to separate [k] from [g]?A. Glottal （place of articulation）B. NasalC. VoicingD. Spread7. Usually, supra-segmental features （超切分特征）include ______ , length and pitch.A. PhonemeB. speech soundsC. syllables D・ stress8. ___ is an indispensable part of a syllable・A. CodaB. OnsetC. StemD. Peak9. The onset of a syllable can be composed of ______ ・A. one vowelB. two vowelsC. three consonantsD. four consonants10. Where is the primary stress （主重音）of the word phonology?A. phoB. noC. IoD. gy11. In the following lines, And where are they? and where are thou.・・the last word thou should bestressed because it is in a comparative position with the word they. We name this kind of sentence stress asA. structural sentence stressB. contrastive sentence stressC. grammatical sentence stressD. primary sentence stress12. In isolated readi ng （i.e., without any specific con text）, the word in in the sentence She is in theclassroom shouldA. not be stressedB. be stressedC. be the primary stress of the sentenceD. be more stressed than is13. If there is an English adjective f pornatiar, _____ is the most possible for negative form.A. ip-B. im-C. il-D. in-14. ___ is not a suprasegmental feature.A. AspirationB. IntonationC. StressD. Tone1-5 ABCBB 6-10 CDDCB 11-14 BABA1 ・__ is the smallest unit of language in terms of relati on ship betwee n expressi on and content.A. WordB. MorphemeC. AllomorphD. Root2. ____ studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. PhonologyD. Semantics3. Lexeme （义位义素）is —.A. a physically definable unitB. the common factor underlying a set of formsC. a grammatical unitD. an indefinable unit4. An _____ Ianguage is a Ianguage in which concepts that we express using prepositions,possessive adjectives; and so on are expressed as morphs con cate nated in the same words as the relevant base・A. InflectingB. AgglutinatingC. IsolatingD. Analytical5. In the word conceive, the morpheme -ceive is a ______A. free rootB. bound root C・ suffix D. prefix6. The plural affix in the word tables is a(n) _______ .A. inflectional suffixB. derivational suffixC. free morpheme D・ root7. Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English plural morphemeA. [s]B. [iz]C. [ai]D. [is]8. Which of the following processes of lexical change does the Chinese word ”科技” experieneed?A. BlendingB. AbbreviationC. BorrowingD. Back-formation9. Which of the following words is created through the process of acronym 首字母缩略词(由一词组中各主要词的第一字母缩合而成，如:NATO, laser, radar).A. adB. editC. AIDSD. Bobo10. All words contain a_____A. root morphemeB. bound morphemeC. prefixD. suffix11 ・ Which of the following words is a derivational one ____ .A. black boardB. teachesC. consideration D・ books12. ____ belongs to a closed word class.A. InB. BeautifulC. NounD. Create13. The relati on ship betwee n "fruit” and “apple" is____ ・A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. polysemyD. synonymy14. The word “lab” is formed through ________A. back formationB. blendingC. clippingD. derivation1 -5 BABBB 6-10 ACBCA 11-14 CABC1 ・When we say that we can change the second word in the sentence He is waiting outside withanother word or phrase, we are talki ng about _ in side the sentence.A. syntactic relationsB. paradigmatic relationsC. Lin ear relations D・ Government2. The part of the grammar that represents a speakers knowledge of the structure of phrases andsentences is called _____ ・A. IexiconB. morphologyC. syntaxD. semantics3. What does 1C1 stands for as a syntactic notion and analytical technique?A. Inferential ConnectiveB. Inflectional ComponentC. Immediate Constituent D; Implicative Communication4. If we are to use the technique of IC analysis to analyze the sentence she broke the window with astone yesterday, where is the first cut?A. between stone and yesterdayB. between she and brokeC. betwee n broke and the windowD. between window a nd with5. _ is the defining properties of units like noun (number, gender, etc.) and verb (tense, aspect, etc.).A. Parts of speech B・ Word classesC. Grammatical categoriesD. Functions of words6. Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?A. genderB. numberC. caseD. voice7. _ is a relati on ship in which a word of a certain class determi nes the form of others in terms ofcertain categories・A. Con cordB. Immediate con stitue ntC. Syntagmatic relationsD. Government8. _ proposed to define sentence as the maximum free form.A. BloomfieldB. ChomskyC. HallidayD. Saussure9. The phrase boys and girls is a(n) _ ・A. subordinate endocentric constructionB. coordinate endocentric constructionC. subordinate exocentric constructionD. coordinate exocentric construction10. Chomsky holds that the major task of linguistics is to _ ・A. study real 'facts。