自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语Introduction:Automation has become an integral part of various industries, including manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare. As a result, it is crucial for professionals in the field of automation to have a strong command of English, as it is the lingua franca of the global business world. This text aims to provide a comprehensive overview of key terms, concepts, and skills related to automation in the English language.1. Basic Terminology:1.1 Automation: The use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention.1.2 Control System: A system that manages and regulates the operation of automation equipment.1.3 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.1.4 Human-Machine Interface (HMI): A device or software that allows interaction between humans and automation systems.1.5 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): A system that collects and analyzes real-time data from various sensors and devices.2. Automation Systems:2.1 Industrial Automation: The application of automation technology in manufacturing processes to improve productivity and efficiency.2.2 Robotic Automation: The use of robots to perform repetitive tasks in industries such as automotive assembly and packaging.2.3 Process Automation: The automation of chemical, oil, and gas processes to enhance safety and accuracy.2.4 Home Automation: The integration of technology to control and monitor household devices and systems.3. Automation Techniques:3.1 Sensor Technology: Devices that detect and measure physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and proximity.3.2 Actuators: Devices that convert electrical signals into mechanical motion, such as motors and solenoids.3.3 Feedback Control: A control technique that uses sensors to measure the output ofa system and adjust it accordingly.3.4 Artificial Intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence in machines to perform tasks autonomously.3.5 Machine Learning: A subset of AI that enables machines to learn from data and improve their performance without explicit programming.4. Industrial Applications:4.1 Automotive Industry: Automation is extensively used in car manufacturing, including assembly line robots and quality control systems.4.2 Pharmaceutical Industry: Automation ensures precise dosage and packaging in pharmaceutical production.4.3 Food and Beverage Industry: Automation optimizes food processing, packaging, and quality control processes.4.4 Energy Sector: Automation is crucial in power plant operations, grid management, and renewable energy systems.4.5 Healthcare Industry: Automation is utilized in medical imaging, patient monitoring, and laboratory analysis.5. Skills for Automation Professionals:5.1 Programming: Proficiency in programming languages such as C++, Python, and ladder logic for PLC programming.5.2 Data Analysis: Ability to analyze and interpret data collected from automation systems using statistical methods and software tools.5.3 Troubleshooting: Expertise in identifying and resolving issues in automation systems, including hardware and software components.5.4 Project Management: Skills to plan, execute, and monitor automation projects, ensuring timely completion and adherence to budget.5.5 Communication: Effective communication skills to collaborate with cross-functional teams and articulate technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders.Conclusion:Automation plays a pivotal role in today's industries, and proficiency in English is essential for professionals in the field. This text has provided a comprehensive overview of key terms, concepts, and skills related to automation in the English language. By mastering these aspects, automation professionals can enhance their communication, expand their knowledge, and contribute to the advancement of automation technology.。
自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语自动化专业英语是指在自动化工程领域中使用的英语专业术语和表达方式。
下面是关于自动化专业英语的详细内容：一、自动化概述自动化是指利用计算机技术、电子技术和控制技术等手段实现对生产过程、工程设备和系统的自动控制和管理。
自动化技术在各个领域都有广泛的应用，包括工业生产、交通运输、医疗保健、能源管理等。
二、自动化专业英语词汇1. Automation（自动化）: The technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically.2. Control system（控制系统）: A system that manages, commands, directs or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.3. Programmable logic controller (PLC)（可编程逻辑控制器）: A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.4. Sensor（传感器）: A device that detects and responds to physical input such as light, heat, pressure, or motion.5. Actuator（执行器）: A mechanical or electro-mechanical device used to controla physical system.6. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)（监控与数据采集系统）:A system used to monitor and control industrial processes.7. HMI (Human-Machine Interface)（人机界面）: The interface between a human operator and a machine or system.8. Robotics（机器人技术）: The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots.9. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)（工业物联网）: The network of interconnected devices, sensors, and systems used in industrial settings.10. Artificial intelligence (AI)（人工智能）: The simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn.三、自动化专业英语常用表达1. "Automatic control" can improve production efficiency and reduce labor costs.自动控制可以提高生产效率，降低劳动成本。
自动化专业英语第三版
在流体中心，流体颗粒具有最大的速度.
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2. Basic Terms
• Thus, the average rate of flow is used in flow calculations. • 因此，在流量计算时采用流体的平均速率 The units of velocity are normally feet per. second (fps), feet per minute (fpm), meters per second (mps), and so on. 速度的单位通常为英尺每秒 (fps) ，英尺每分钟 • Previously, the pressures associated with (fpm) ，米每秒 (mps)，等等 . as static, impact fluid flow were defined (冲击，作用), or dynamic. 以前（章节中），与流体流量相关的压力定义为静 压，全压，或动压.
Viscosity (dynamic viscosity, or absolute viscosity) can be measured in poise (泊) or centipoise (厘泊), whereas kinematic viscosity (运动粘度)(without force) is measured in stokes (沱) or centistokes (厘沱). 动态粘度(或叫绝对粘度)的计量单位是泊或厘泊， 而运动粘度(没有力的单位，即没有牛顿单位)的计 量单位是沱或厘沱 Dynamic or absolute viscosity is used in the Reynolds (雷诺) and flow equations. 动态粘度或绝对粘度用于雷诺数的推导和流体方程 中.
自动化专业英语课后习题答案
济南大学控制科学与工程学院
自动化专业英语
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1.2 What is feedback and what are
its effects?
• 3 Put the following into English
• 幅值 magnitude
相角 phase
• 闭环 closed-loop
开环 open-loop
• Investment 投资
fundamental 基础的
• Evaluating 评价
benifit 利润，益处
• Distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔
• Overhead 在头上的, 高架的 process dynamic 过程动态
• Manipulatable input 可操作输入
• 控制系统设计 control system design • 设计模型 design model • 炼油 oil refinery 化工 chemical (engineering) • 电力 (electric) power 造纸 paper (making) • 水泥 cement 纺织 textile • 塑料 plastic 钢铁 steel (iron and steel) • 航空航天 aerospace (Aeronautics and Astronautics) • 再沸器 reboiler
济南大学控制科学与工程学院
自动化专业英语
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2.3 Flow measurements
• 1. Put the following into chinese
• Flow rate 流速 accounting 统计，计算 • Laminar flow 层流 energy losses 能量损失 • Total flow 总体流量 pressure energy 压能 • Kinetic energy 动能 potential energy 势能 • Restriction 约束，限制 orifice plate 孔板 • Venturi tube 文丘里管 flow nozzle 测流嘴 • Elbow 肘，弯管接头 rotameter 转子流量计 • Mass flow 质量流
自动化专业英语词汇
induction machine 感应式电机horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流right—hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽lamination 叠片laminated core 叠片铁芯short—circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯cast—aluminum rotor 铸铝转子bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金coil winding 线圈绕组form—wound 模绕performance characteristic 工作特性frequency 频率revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电per-unit value 标么值breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修wind—driven generator 风动发电机revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线plugging 反向制动synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数locked—rotor torque 锁定转子转矩full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗line—to-neutral 线与中性点间的staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损complex impedance 复数阻抗rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked—rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的waveguide 波导波导管bandwidth 带宽light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石二氧化硅regeneration 再生，后反馈放大coaxial 共轴的，同轴的high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器Amplitude Modulation(AM)调幅Frequency Shift Keying（FSK）移频键控tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发电机polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压time constant 时间常数forward transfer function 正向传递函数error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost—buck 升压去磁feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路automatic Voltage regulator（AVR）自动电压调整器reference Voltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器air—gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线air-gap line 气隙磁化线polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体heating appliance 电热器direct—current 直流time invariant 时不变的self—inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池e.m。
自动化专业的英语
自动化专业的英语自动化专业是一个涵盖广泛的领域，涉及到机械、电子、计算机、控制等多个学科，是现代工业和科技的重要支撑。
随着全球经济的发展和技术的进步，自动化专业的需求不断增加，成为了许多国家的战略性产业。
因此，掌握自动化专业的英语无疑是非常重要的。
一、自动化专业的英语词汇自动化专业的英语词汇包括了很多专业术语，例如：1. Automation：自动化2. Control system：控制系统3. Sensor：传感器4. Actuator：执行器5. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)：可编程逻辑控制器6. Human-Machine Interface (HMI)：人机界面7. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)：监控与数据采集系统8. Distributed Control System (DCS)：分布式控制系统9. Robotics：机器人学10. Artificial Intelligence (AI)：人工智能以上只是自动化专业中的一小部分英语词汇，学习者需要掌握更多的专业术语，以便更好地理解和应用。
二、自动化专业的英语文献自动化专业的英语文献包括了大量的学术论文、技术报告、标准规范等，这些文献是学习和掌握自动化专业英语的重要资源。
例如： 1. 'Design and Implementation of a Control System for a Mobile Robot'：一个移动机器人控制系统的设计与实现2. 'Application of Artificial Intelligence in Industrial Automation'：人工智能在工业自动化中的应用3. 'Development of a Supervisory Control System for a Thermal Power Plant'：热电厂监控系统的开发4. 'Design and Simulation of a Control System for a Quadrotor UAV'：四旋翼无人机控制系统的设计和仿真5. 'Standard for Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)'：可编程逻辑控制器标准规范以上文献涵盖了自动化专业中的不同领域和应用，学习者可以通过阅读和研究这些文献，提高自己的英语水平和专业知识。
自动化专业 英语
自动化专业英语Automation Engineering ProgramAutomation Engineering is a specialized field that combines engineering, computer science, and control theory. The focus of this program is on the design, development, and implementation of systems that can operate with minimal human intervention.The curriculum of the Automation Engineering Program includes courses in mathematics, physics, programming, robotics, control systems, and industrial automation. Students are also trained in the use of software tools such as MATLAB, LabVIEW, and Simulink.The program equips students with the skills needed to design and develop robotic systems, control systems, and embedded systems. They learn how to integrate sensors, actuators, and controllers to create automated solutions for various industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, and healthcare.Graduates of the Automation Engineering Program are in high demand in the job market. They can work as automation engineers, robotics engineers, control systems engineers, or embedded systems engineers. They can also work in research anddevelopment, product design, or project management.Overall, the Automation Engineering Program offers students a unique blend of theoretical knowledge and practical skills that prepare them for a successful career in the field of automation.。
自动化专业英语词汇
induction machine 感应式机电horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽lamination 叠片laminated core 叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金coil winding 线圈绕组form-wound 模绕performance characteristic 工作特性frequency 频率revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电per-unit value 标么值breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修wind-driven generator 风动发机电revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线plugging 反向制动synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损complex impedance 复数阻抗rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流机电speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的waveguide 波导波导管bandwidth 带宽light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石二氧化硅regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大coaxial 共轴的,同轴的high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器Amplitude Modulation(AM)调幅Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移频键控tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发机电polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压time constant 时间常数forward transfer function 正向传递函数error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器reference Voltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发机电self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器air-gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线air-gap line 气隙磁化线polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体heating appliance 电热器direct-current 直流time invariant 时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池e.m.f = electromotive fore 电动势unidirectional current 单方向性电流circuit diagram 电路图load characteristic 负载特性terminal voltage 端电压external characteristic 外特性conductance 电导volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡ideal source 理想电源internal resistance 内阻active (passive) circuit elements 有（无）源电路元件leakage current 漏电流circuit branch 支路P.D. = potential drop 电压降potential distribution 电位分布r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值effective values 有效值steady direct current 恒稳直流电sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数complex number 复数Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标系modulus 模real part 实部imaginary part 虚部displacement current 位移电流trigonometric transformations 瞬时值epoch angle 初相角phase displacement 相位差signal amplifier 小信号放大器mid-frequency band 中频带bipolar junction transistor (BJT)双极性晶体管field effect transistor (FET)场效应管electrode 电极电焊条polarity 极性gain 增益isolation 隔离分离绝缘隔振emitter 发射管放射器发射极collector 集电极base 基极self-bias resistor 自偏置电阻triangular symbol 三角符号phase reversal 反相infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益feedback component 反馈元件differentiation 微分integration 积分下限impedance 阻抗fidelity 保真度summing circuit 总和路线反馈系统中的比较环节Oscillation 振荡inverse 倒数admittance 导纳transformer 变压器turns ratio 变比匝比ampere-turns 安匝(数)mutual flux 交互(主)磁通vector equation 向(相)量方程power frequency 工频capacitance effect 电容效应induction machine 感应机电shunt excited 并励series excited 串励separately excited 他励self excited 自励field winding 磁场绕组励磁绕组speed-torque characteristic 速度转矩特性dynamic-state operation 动态运行salient poles 凸极excited by 励磁field coils 励磁线圈air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布direct axis 直轴armature coil 电枢线圈rotating commutator 旋转（整流子）换向器commutator-brush combination 换向器-电刷总线mechanical rectifier 机械式整流器armature m.m.f. wave 电枢磁势波Geometrical position 几何位置magnetic torque 电磁转矩spatial waveform 空间波形sinusoidal –density wave 正弦磁密度external armature circuit 电枢外电路instantaneous electric power 瞬时电功率instantaneous mechanical power 瞬时机械功率effects of saturation 饱和效应reluctance 磁阻power amplifier 功率放大器compound generator 复励发机电rheostat 变阻器self –excitation process 自励过程commutation condition 换向状况cumulatively compounded motor 积复励电动机operating condition 运行状态equivalent T –circuit T型等值电路rotor (stator) winding 转子（定子绕组）winding loss 绕组（铜）损耗prime motor 原动机active component 有功分量reactive component 无功分量electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩retarding torque 制动转矩inductive component 感性（无功）分量abscissa axis 横坐标induction generator 感应发机电synchronous generator 同步发机电automatic station 无人值守电站hydropower station 水电站process of self –excitation 自励过程auxiliary motor 辅助电动机technical specifications 技术条件voltage across the terminals 端电压steady –state condition 瞬态暂态reactive in respect to 相对….性active in respect to 相对….呈阻性synchronous condenser 同步进相（调相）机coincide in phase with 与….同相synchronous reactance 同步电抗algebraic 代数的algorithmic 算法的1--master element主要元件，是指控制开关等元件。
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自动化专业英语induction machine 感应式电机horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽lamination 叠片laminated core 叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金coil winding 线圈绕组form-wound 模绕performance characteristic 工作特性frequency 频率revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电per-unit value 标么值breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修wind-driven generator 风动发电机revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线plugging 反向制动synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损complex impedance 复数阻抗rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的waveguide 波导波导管bandwidth 带宽light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石二氧化硅regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大coaxial 共轴的,同轴的high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) 移频键控tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发电机polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压time constant 时间常数forward transfer function 正向传递函数error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路automatic V oltage regulator(A VR)自动电压调整器reference V oltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器air-gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线air-gap line 气隙磁化线polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体heating appliance 电热器direct-current 直流time invariant 时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池e.m.f = electromotive fore 电动势unidirectional current 单方向性电流circuit diagram 电路图load characteristic 负载特性terminal voltage 端电压external characteristic 外特性conductance 电导volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡ideal source 理想电源internal resistance 内阻active (passive) circuit elements 有（无）源电路元件leakage current 漏电流circuit branch 支路P.D. = potential drop 电压降potential distribution 电位分布r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值effective values 有效值steady direct current 恒稳直流电sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数complex number 复数Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标系modulus 模real part 实部imaginary part 虚部displacement current 位移电流trigonometric transformations 瞬时值epoch angle 初相角phase displacement 相位差signal amplifier 小信号放大器mid-frequency band 中频带bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 双极性晶体管field effect transistor (FET) 场效应管electrode 电极电焊条polarity 极性gain 增益isolation 隔离分离绝缘隔振emitter 发射管放射器发射极collector 集电极base 基极self-bias resistor 自偏置电阻triangular symbol 三角符号phase reversal 反相infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益feedback component 反馈元件differentiation 微分integration 积分下限impedance 阻抗fidelity 保真度summing circuit 总和线路反馈系统中的比较环节Oscillation 振荡inverse 倒数admittance 导纳transformer 变压器turns ratio 变比匝比ampere-turns 安匝(数) mutual flux 交互(主)磁通vector equation 向(相)量方程power frequency 工频capacitance effect 电容效应induction machine 感应电机shunt excited 并励series excited 串励separately excited 他励self excited 自励field winding 磁场绕组励磁绕组speed-torque characteristic 速度转矩特性dynamic-state operation 动态运行salient poles 凸极excited by 励磁field coils 励磁线圈air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布direct axis 直轴armature coil 电枢线圈rotating commutator 旋转（整流子）换向器commutator-brush combination 换向器-电刷总线mechanical rectifier 机械式整流器armature m.m.f. wave 电枢磁势波Geometrical position 几何位置magnetic torque 电磁转矩spatial waveform 空间波形sinusoidal –density wave 正弦磁密度external armature circuit 电枢外电路instantaneous electric power 瞬时电功率instantaneous mechanical power 瞬时机械功率effects of saturation 饱和效应reluctance 磁阻power amplifier 功率放大器compound generator 复励发电机rheostat 变阻器self –excitation process 自励过程commutation condition 换向状况cumulatively compounded motor 积复励电动机operating condition 运行状态equivalent T –circuit T型等值电路rotor (stator) winding 转子（定子绕组）winding loss 绕组（铜）损耗prime motor 原动机active component 有功分量reactive component 无功分量electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩retarding torque 制动转矩inductive component 感性（无功）分量abscissa axis 横坐标induction generator 感应发电机synchronous generator 同步发电机automatic station 无人值守电站hydropower station 水电站process of self –excitation 自励过程auxiliary motor 辅助电动机technical specifications 技术条件voltage across the terminals 端电压steady –state condition 瞬态暂态reactive in respect to 相对….呈感性active in respect to 相对….呈阻性synchronous condenser 同步进相（调相）机coincide in phase with 与….同相synchronous reactance 同步电抗algebraic 代数的algorithmic 算法的biphase 双相的bilateral circuit 双向电路bimotored 双马达的corridor 通路shunt displacement current 旁路位移电流leakage 泄漏lightning shielding 避雷harmonic 谐波的insulator string 绝缘子串neutral 中性的zero sequence current 零序电流sinusoidal 正弦的square 平方corona 电晕,放电bypass 旁路voltmeter 电压表ammeter 电流表micrometer 千分尺thermometer 温度计watt-hour meter 电度表wattmeter 电力表private line 专用线路diameter 直径centimeter 厘米restriking 电弧再触发magnitude 振幅oscillation 振荡auxiliary 辅助的protective gap 保护性间隙放电receptacle 插座lightning arrester 避雷装置bushing 套管trigger 起动装置stress 应力deterioration 损坏,磨损spark gap 火花放电隙traveling-wave 行波wye-connected 星形连接enclosure 设备外壳live conductor 带电导体fuse 熔断器structural 结构上的out-of-step 不同步的resynchronize 再同步synchroscops 同步指示器automatic oscillograph 自动示波器nominally 标称sampling 采样potential transformer 电压互感器fraction 分数switchyard 户外配电装置hazard 危险bushing 高压套contact 触点energize 励磁trip coil 跳闸线圈over-current relay 过电流继电器armature 衔铁pickup current 始动电流release current 释放电流solenoid relay 螺管式继电器induction-disc relay 感应圆盘式继电器inverse time relay 反时限继电器hydraulic 液力的dashpot 阻尼器pneumatic 气动的permanent magnet 永磁体electrical stressing 电气应力mechanical stressing 机械应力deviation 偏差third harmonic voltage 三次谐波电压。