刘润清《新编语言学教程》考研真题精选(选择题)【圣才出品】
刘润清《新编语言学教程》章节题库-第四章至第七章【圣才出品】

第4章句法I.Fill in the blanks.1.IC is the short form of immediate_____used in the study of syntax.(北二外2003研)【答案】constituent【解析】直接成分分析法是一种句法分析方法。
它指先把句子分析为直接成分——词组(或短语),再把这些直接成分依次切分,得到各自的直接成分,层层切分,直到最终成分为止。
2.______refers to ties and connections which exist within texts.They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.(人大2007研)【答案】Cohesion【解析】衔接不是一个句法概念,它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联系或关系,也包括句子或分句之间存在的一种形式上的联系。
3.A______sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word,such as“and”,“but”,“or”.【答案】coordinate【解析】并列从句是指一个句子由两个分句组成,这两个分句通常是由如but,and,or这些并列连词来连接的。
4.A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb,and at the same time stands structurally alone is known as a______clause.【答案】finite【解析】限定性从句通常有一个主语和一个限定性动词,且在结构上是独立的。
5.Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called_____rules,whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.【答案】transformational【解析】句法移位是一种转换规则,指一个句子的任意成分从原来的位置移到另一个新位置。
刘润清《新编语言学教程》考研真题精选(判断正误)【圣才出品】

7. The speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communications are all phonemes.(对外经贸 2006 研) 【答案】F 【解析】Those are phones.
2 / 10
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
三、判断正误 1. During two-word stage, children begin to learn words at a rate of one every two
waking hours, and keep learning that rate or faster through adolescence.(北二外 2016 研) 【答案】T 【解析】本题考查双词语阶段的特征。儿童两岁左右的时候,开始构建句子。早期句子仅仅
12. Compound refers to the words hat consist of more than one lexical morpheme or the way to join two separate words to produce a single form base form.(北二
【答案】T 【解析】根据塞尔,指令类是说话人试图让听话人做某一件事。邀请、建议、请求、警告、
威胁、命令都是最典型的指令类。
11. The word of “impossibility” contains four morphemes.(对外经贸 2006 研) 【答案】F (“im-” “possibl-” “-ity”)
【答案】T
4. Bilabial consonant is produced when the obstruction is partial and the air is
刘润清《新编语言学教程》章节题库(语用学)【圣才出品】

第6章语用学I. Fill in the blanks.1. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the ______ of, or the _____the utterance.(人大2004研)【答案】consequence, change brought about by【解析】言外行为指说话的效果。
2. When a teacher says “The exam this year is going to be really difficult”, the sentence would have an _____force.(清华2001研,清华2000研)【答案】illocutionary【解析】言外行为,表达说话人的意图。
3. H. P. Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maximum of ______: Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words, speak truthfully; do not lie.【答案】quality【解析】质量原则的内容。
4. In the light of the______ principle, four maxims are specified. They are the maximof quantity, maxim of______, maxim of______ and the maxim of______.(中国人民大学2005年、吉林大学2004年研)【答案】cooperative; quality; relation; manner【解析】考查合作原则及四条次则:数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。
刘润清《新编语言学教程》章节题库-第一章至第三章【圣才出品】

第二部分章节题库第1章导论I.Fill in the blanks.1.In Saussure’s view,the relationship between signifier(sound image)andsignified(concept)is_____.(北二外2003研)【答案】arbitrary【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系,所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
2.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication.This quality is labeled as_____.(北二外2003研)【答案】displacement【解析】移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。
3._____refers to the role language plays in communication(e.g.to express ideas, attitudes)or in particular social situations(e.g.Religious,legal).(北二外2016研)【答案】Function【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。
功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。
4.The features that define our human languages can be called_____features.(北二外2006研)【答案】design【解析】人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征,是人类语言特有的特征。
刘润清《新编语言学教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(1-6章)【圣才出品】

第1章导言1.1复习笔记本章要点:1.The definition and main branches of linguistics study语言学的定义和研究的范围2.The definition and the origins of language语言的定义与起源3.The design feature and the function of language语言的特征和功能4.Some major concepts in linguistics语言学中重要的概念本章考点:1.有关语言学的常考考点(1)语言学的定义,现代语言学与传统语法学研究的区别。
(2)语言学中几组重要概念,每组两个概念的含义、区分及其意义。
(3)普通语言学的主要分支学科及各自的研究范畴。
(4)宏观语言学及应用语言学的主要分支及各自的研究范畴。
2.有关语言的常考考点(1)语言的定义;语言的基本特征(任意性、二重性、多产性、移位性、互换性、专门性和文化传递性);(2)语言的功能(寒暄、指示、信息、疑问、表达、劝说和施为);(3)语言的起源(叮咚说、唱歌说、哒哒说、汪汪、噗噗、哟嘿吼理论等。
)本章内容索引:I.Definition of linguisticsII.Linguistics vs.traditional grammarIII.Scope of linguistics1.Microlinguistics2.MacrolinguisticsIV.Definition of languageV.Origins of language1.Ding-Dong Theory2.Sing-Song Theory3.Pooh-Pooh Theory4.Yo-He-Ho Theory5.Ta-Ta Theory6.Bow-Wow TheoryVI.Design features of language1.Arbitrariness2.Duality3.Productivity4.Interchangeability5.Displacement6.Specialization7.Cultural transmissionVII.Functions of language1.Phatic function/communion2.Directive functionrmative function4.Interrogative function5.Expressive function6.Evocative function7.Performative functionVIII.Some major concepts in linguistics1.Descriptive and prescriptive grammar2.Synchronic and diachronic linguisticsngue and parolepetence and performance5.Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations6.Functionalism and formalismI.Definition of linguistics(语言学的定义)【考点:名词解释】The scientific or systemic study of language,which is always guided by the-three canons ofscience:exhaustiveness,consistency and economy.语言学是对语言的科学或系统的研究。
刘润清《新编语言学教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(7-12章)【圣才出品】

第7章语篇分析7.1复习笔记本章要点:1.Discourse and discourse analysis语篇及语篇分析2.Given and new information已知信息与新信息3.Cohesion and coherence衔接与连贯4.Conversational analysis对话分析常考考点:语篇及语篇分析的定义;已知信息与新信息的异同;衔接手段包括指称、替代、省略、连接与词汇衔接;语篇标记的定义与特征;对话分析中的配组会话、偏好结构及前序列;批判性语篇分析。
本章内容索引:I.Definition of discourse and discourse analysisrmation structure1.Given and new information2.Topic and comment3.ContrastIII.Cohesion and coherence1.Cohesion.(1)Reference(2)Substitution(3)Ellipsis(4)Conjunction(5)Lexical cohesion2.CoherenceIV.Discourse markers1.Definition2.Functional-pragmatic nature3.Features of discourse markersV.Conversational analysis1.Adjacency pairs2.Preference structure3.PresequencesVI.Critical discourse analysisI.Definition of discourse and discourse analysis(语篇及语篇分析的定义)1.Discourse(语篇)A general term for examples of language use,nguage which has been produced as the result of an act of communication.It refers to the larger units of language such as paragraphs, conversations,and interviews.泛指语言的运用,也就是说,语篇是人们进行交流的产物。
刘润清《新编语言学教程》笔记和课后习题(社会语言学)【圣才出品】

第8章社会语言学8.1 复习笔记本章要点:1. Sociolinguistics社会语言学的概念2. Language varieties语言变体3. Linguistic taboos and euphemisms禁忌语与委婉语4. Language and gender语言与性别常考考点:社会语言学的定义;语言的各种变体;禁忌语与委婉语;语言和性别的关系。
本章内容索引:I. DefinitionII. Language varieties1. Standard language2. Dialects3. Registers4. Pidgins and creolesIII. Choosing a code1. Diglossia2. Bilingualism and multilingualism3. Code-switchingIV. Linguistic taboos and euphemismsV. Language and gender1. Two focuses2. The correlation between sex and style of speechI. Definition (定义)Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. In sociolinguistics we are interested in how social factors influence the structure and use of language. It is the field that studies the relationships between language and society, between uses of language and the social structures in which the language users live.【考点:区分“研究社会的社会语言学”与“研究语言的社会语言学”】社会语言学是研究语言与社会关系的学科,研究社会因素是如何影响语言的结构和使用。
[全]刘润清《新编语言学教程》-考研真题详解[下载全]
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刘润清《新编语言学教程》-考研真题详解1. When air is forced out of the lungs, it causes the _____ _____ to vibrate.(中山大学2018研)【答案】vocal folds查看答案【解析】语音产生是以气流为能量来源的。
在大多数情况下,气流源自肺部,气流从肺中压出,引起声带的振动。
2. _____ is the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speaker’s immediate situation.(北二外2016研)【答案】Displacement查看答案【解析】本题考查语言本质特征的移位性。
移位性指的是就内容或者思想的表达来讲,人类语言的使用是不受时空限制的,可以用于涉及真实的或者想象的,过去的、现在的或将来的事情。
这不同于动物“语言”,因为大多数动物的“语言”需要“即时刺激控制”。
3. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is _______ and performance.(人大2006研)【答案】competence查看答案【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识,语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。
4. Phonetics is the study of ______ sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning.(北京邮电大学2015研)【答案】speech查看答案【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。
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二、选择题
1. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.(北二外2017研)
A. meaning
B. word class
C. form
D. speech sound
【答案】B
【解析】morpheme语素,分为自由语素和黏着语素,其中黏着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型,词缀分为派生词缀(derivational affixes)和屈折词缀(inflectional affixes)。
派生词缀黏附在词根语素上构成新词,也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类
别归属。
屈折词缀只能改变一个词的形式,不能构成新词。
也即屈折词缀增加的是
表示句法范畴的意义,并且总是不改变词的类别归属。
即两者重要区别在于是否改
变了词的类别,故B为正确答案。
2. The branch of linguistics that studies the systems and patterns of speech sounds
in a language is called _____.(对外经贸2017研)
A. acoustics
B. phonology
C. phonetics
D. articulation
【答案】B
【解析】音位学是研究人类语言中的语音模块系统和模式的方法。
3. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence.(南京大学2007研)
A. resolution
B. resident
C. restart
D. resignation
【答案】C
【解析】/s/ 在restart中位于清辅音前,所以被轻音化。
4. Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech’s seven types of meaning?(大连外国语学院2008研)
A. Connotative meaning.
B. Denotative meaning.
C. Conceptual meaning.
【答案】B
【解析】利奇提出的7种意义分别为概念意义,内涵意义,社会意义,感情意义,反射意义,搭配意义和主位意义。
5. A _____ is what is expressed by a declarative sentence when that sentence is
uttered to make a statement.(北二外2016研)
A. proposition
B. composition
C. description
D. exposition
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查逻辑语义学中复合命题的定义。
命题是指一个判断(陈述)的语义(实际表达的概念),这个概念是可以被定义并观察的现象。
命题不是指判断(陈述)本身,而是
指所表达的语义。
当相异判断(陈述)具有相同语义的时候,他们表达相同的命题。
6. The maxim of _____ requires that a participant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.(对外经贸2015研)
A. quantity
B. quality
C. manner
D. relation
【答案】D
【解析】在语言学中,The Cooperative Principles(合作原则)包括:Quantity Maxim(数量准则);Quality Maxim(质量准则);Relation Maxim(关系准则);Manner
Maxim(方式准则)。
其中关系准则要求说话要贴切,要有关联(be relevant),不答
非所问。
因此答案选D。
7. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation,
oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by ______ respectively.(大连外国语学院2008研)
A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy
B. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy
C. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy
【答案】A
【解析】有三种涵义关系,分别为同义关系,反义关系和上下义关系。
8. _____ refers to the obstruction of the air stream caused by the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge, such as in the production of [t].(北二外2017研)
A. Stop
B. Dental
C. Alveolar
D. Glide
【答案】C
【解析】考查辅音的分类。
根据发音部位,主要分为双唇音(bilabials),唇齿音(labiodental),齿音(dental),齿龈音(alveolar),硬腭音(palatal),软腭音(velar),声门
音(glottal);而按照发音方式,可分为爆破音(stops),磨擦音(fricatives),
破擦音(affricates),鼻音(nasals),流音(liquids),滑音(glides)。
由题意,
舌端和齿龈形成阻碍成音,即为齿龈音,常见辅音有[t] [d] [s] [z] [ts] [dz] [n] [l],
故C正确。
9. _____ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.(西安交大2008研)
A. Reference
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sense
【答案】A
【解析】指称指拥有某些属性的具体实体,它处理的是语言元素与非语言世界的关系。
10. _____ refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable.(北二外2015研)
A. Stress
B. Rhyme
C. T one
D. Coda
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查重音的含义。
重音,是指相连的音节中某个音节发音突出,音节发音时所用的力度与重音有关。
选项B是押韵,指的是发音的节奏。
选项C是声调,是音节的高低升降形式。
选项D是节尾,是英语音节的组成部分之一,英语音节包括节首,节峰和节尾。
因此该题选A。
11. Which of the following is true of an allophone?(对外经贸2005研)
A. A phone can be the allophone of all English vowel phonemes.
B. There are no restrictions on the distribution of an allophone.
C. There is no possibility of an allophone becoming a phoneme.
D. An allophone changes the meaning of the word.
【答案】C
【解析】音素是语音学研究的一个基本单位,是人类的发音器官所能发出的最小语音片段,音位是一组语音特征的抽象集合体,并不是所有的因素都是音位。
音位变体必须互
补分布,且不会改变词义。
12. Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change?(大连外国语学院2008研)
A. INVENTION.
B. ACRONYM.
C. LEXICON.
【答案】C
【解析】词的变化方式很多,新创词和缩略语都属于其中,而选项C不属于。
13. _____ is a single element of structure containing more than one word, and
lacking the subject-predicate structure typical of clauses.(北二外2014研)
A. Phrase
B. Clause
C. Parole。