高考必考语法精讲精练专题一：名词 Word版含解析

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题一：名词名词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考内容之一。

《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词考查列了四项：①可数名词及其单复数②不可数名词③专有名词④名词所有格。

纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：可数名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、名词的功能、名词辨义、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出painting，结合题意要将其变成paintings；第77题（短文改错）考查的是不可数名词air，原文给出的是airs，要求考生将其改成air。

而在完形填空中，有7题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查的是词性转换，括号里给出的是动词attract，根据题意要将其改成名词attraction；第69题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出day，结合题意要将其变成复数形式days；第74题考查的是词性转换，题目中给的是形容词honest，根据题意需要将其改为名词honesty。

而在完形填空中，有4题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。

2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出effect，结合题意要将其变成effects，构成side effects（副作用）；第75题（短文改错）考查的是可数名词单复数，原句中给出的是word，结合题意要将其变成words。

而在完形填空中，有5题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。

1. 规则可数名词的复数形式：一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。

现将构成方法列表如下：III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。

所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加’s 构成，多表示有生命的东西；二是由介词of加名词构成，多表示无生命的东西；三是双重所有格。

3.of所有格的构成及用法：of所有格是以"of+名词"构成的一种词组形式，主要用于表示无生命东西的名词，表示所有关系。

如:the workshop of the factory 工厂的车间the door of the room 房间的门the legs of the chair 椅子腿the cover of the book这本书的封面表示有生命东西的名词，也可用of所有格表示所有关系，或者表示主谓关系、动宾关系或事物的来源等。

如:the death of Stalin 斯大林的逝世the arrival of the chairman 主席的到来the laws of Newton 牛顿定律4.双重所有格：'s所有格有时可以和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系，这叫做"双重所有格"。

双重所有格的形式为：1)of十名词所有格：a friend of my brother's.我弟弟的一位朋友；a new design of Mr. Brown's.布朗先生的一项新设计2)of+名词性物主代词：a friend of mine我的一位朋友；a necklace of yours你的一条项链IV. 名词的修饰语可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语，详见下表：注意：some在表示"某一"，any在表示"任何"时也可修饰可数名词单数。

this和that 只能修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词，last，next，the other和序数词只能修饰可数名词单数和复数。

★★★★★短文改错中常考的不可数名词有：water，advice，air，work，time，homework，bread，milk，fun，information，progress，practice，weather，news，wealth，voice，room（空间）, knowledge等。

V.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·名词考点规律分析：短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。

此外，还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。

语法填空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。

名词单句改错之真题训练：1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.2.We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time.3.There are branch library in many villages.4.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.5.Today I visited the Smiths —my first time visit to an American family.6. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.8. …and often watch football match on TV together.9.Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day!10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.11. I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics.12. They did not want me to do any work at family.13. …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.14.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.15. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to.16. Their word were a great encouragement to me.17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”18. …but after class we become stranger at once.19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet.20. No wadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby…21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when…22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier.名词单句改错之模拟训练：1. Women live longer than men in most country.2. The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.3. It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out.4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV.5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.6. The flower in the park were all pleasing.7. As the day went by, she became less anxious.8. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.9. It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read.10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.11.Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear.12. He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here.13. I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there.14. He’s getting married next month and decides to buy so me furnitures.15. There’s a paper’s factory near our school.名词单句改错之提升训练：A级1. From then on, we became good friend and often played together.2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen.3.Did you take their advices yesterday?4. Most of them are woman doctors.5.We can have funs at the seaside this weekend.6. There are four baskets of apple in that room.7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan.8. Tom looks happy today. He’s got many good news from here.9. This hat of my father is rather old.10.He made many mistake in the exam because of carelessness.11.I went to a nearby food store to buy some breads this morning.12.I am eighteen year old now.13.I have caring teachers and friendly classmate in my class.14.As student,I will study hard and try to pass the exam.15.Nowadays,we can get many information on the internet.B级1. Will you please make a room for the lady outside?2. The number of the students in our school are increasing.3. She has made some progresses in English.4. His work is better than anyone else.5. We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no choices but to take a taxi.6. He dropped the coffee's cup and broke it.7. He gained his wealths by printing works of famous writers.8. My brother has had one of his tooth taken out.9. You'll find this map of great valuable in helping you to get round London.10.What a beautiful weather we are having recently!11.Tables are made of woods.12.It’s impossible for so few workers to do so many work in a single day.13.What happened to your voices?Why couldn’t we hear you?14.What a lot of works I have to finish today!15.At meal times，some customerhave to wait outside the restaurant.16.As a writer，he is success because he has written many great works.名词单句语法填空之真题训练：1.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotel s.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top______________(attract)．2.The nursery team switches him every few ______________(day) with his sister.3.Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ______________(achieve)．4.Recent_____________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.5.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ______________(apple)．6.Although these ______________(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.7.The college years are supposed to be a time for important______________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.8.The ______________(life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.9.The weather ______________(effect) both good and bad, are felt in many places.10.Some schools will have to make ___________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.11.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ______________(apologize)．12.One of the most effective ways to reduce ________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.13.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ______________(balanced) and had a bad fall.14.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some______________(think) and then let me know.15.—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one? —That's a good _______________(suggest)．16.Her ______________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.名词单句语法填空之模拟训练：1.Ants are gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and make ______________(prepare) for the long cold winter.2.With great ______________ (satisfy)，he soon fell asleep.3.It's still a useful and pleasant form of _____________ (communicate)．4.I had no ____________(choose) but to prepare for it, though.5.The students with hobbies left school with many extra_____________(skill)．6.On the other hand, chopsticks reflect _____________(gentle) and kindness.7.So are most of the ___________(express) made with the word hot.8.Actually we can encourage ourselves to work efficiently, full of ______________(determine)．9.I named them “cookies” because I always feel that children can bring great happiness and ______________(excite) to my life.10.The ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of efforts and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.学习札记：_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _参考答案及解析语法专题一：名词名词单句改错之真题训练：1.waters 改为water，因“水”为物质名词，不可数2.time改为times，many times 意为“许多次”3.library 改为libraries，因其前的谓语are为复数4.times 改为time，some time 意为“某时”5.去掉time，因first 已含有“次”的意思6.question 改为questions，因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语lots of7.subject 改为subjects，因a few 后应接复数可数名词8.match 改为matches9.return改为returns，many happy returns of the day! 为祝贺生日的惯用表达10.schoolmate 改为schoolmates，因校友不只一个，另外根据其后的all 也可推知11.class 改为classes，指其后提到的所有课程12.family 改为home，因at home 为固定短语13.subject 改为subjects，请注意前面的all14.picture 改为pictures，picture 作为可数名词，其前应有限定词，或为复数形式15.program 改为programs，从句意上看，此处应用复数16.word 改为words，注意其后的复数动词17.month 改为months，因several 后要用可数名词的复数形式18.stranger改为strangers，由本行前面的we可知应该用名词复数19.minute改为minutes，因为a few后面的名词一定是复数20.age改为ages，因谈到不止一个人的年龄，age用复数；of all ages指各个年龄阶段的人21.homeworks改为homework，因它是不可数名词，没有复数形式22.knowledges改为knowledge，因knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式23.airs改为air，因为air是不可数名词，没有复数形式名词单句改错之模拟训练：1.country 改为countries，因其前的most 意为“大多数”。