【最高考】2016届高考英语语法精讲精练 专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。
1情态动词所表示的多种含义
1. can和could的用法
①表示能力。如：
I can run fast.
②表示客观可能性。如：
An experienced driver can have an accident at times.
③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如：
—Can/Could I go now?
—Yes，you can.
④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
2. may和might的用法
①表示许可。如：
You may drive the car.
—May/Might I use your pen?
—No，you mustn't.
②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如：
He may be very busy now.
④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如：
No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.
3. will和would的用法
①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如：
I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen.
②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如：
Will/Would you please keep the door open?
③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如：
She will listen to music alone in her room for hours.
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
4. should的用法
①表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。如：
You should(＝are supposed to ) complete your test in time.
②表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to。如：
They should be home by now，I think.
③用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如：
I should think it would be better to try it again.
④用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即将should放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：
Should I (＝If I should) be free tomorrow I will come.
⑤用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。如：
A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady!
⑥用于虚拟语气句中(略)。
5. ought to的用法
表示应该、推测，相当于should。如：
You ought to take care of him.
6. shall的用法
①用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威胁，强制”“法令条文规则”和“允诺”等意思。如：
You shall have the book when I finish reading.(表允诺)
②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：
Shall we go out for a walk?
Where shall he wait for us?
7. must的用法
①表示义务、意图或建议，意为“必须，应该，禁止(用于否定句中)”。如：
You must go and see that film—you'd really enjoy it.
②表示推测，意为“必定，一定”。
[注]must表示推测时的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能)。
③表示主张，意为“硬要，一定要”。如：
If you must go，at least wait till the rain stops.
④表示与说话人愿望相反，意为“偏要”。如：
The machine must break down at this busy hour.
8. need和dare的用法
①need 作“必要”讲时，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。
②dare作为情态动词时，仅用在疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可接带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：He dares to go there alone.
He needs to go there alone.
She doesn't dare (to) ask her father.
She doesn't need to ask her father.
He daren't speak English before such a crowd，dare he?
9. used to的用法
used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。
She used to be very fat，didn't she？(正式)/use(d)n't she? (口语)
—Used you to get up early in the morning?
—Yes，I did(正式)．/Yes，I used to.(口语)
10. would rather (not) do 宁愿(不)做
11. had better (not) do 最好(不)做
①I ________ often go fishing when I lived in the countryside.
A. should
B. would
C. could
D. might
②I've decided to take the job and I ________ change my mind.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. won't
D. may not
③“Whatever you want，you ________ have it on condition that you get the best result，” said the boss.
A. would
B. ought to
C. shall
D. could
④—Why ________ you stay in the countryside，where it's not convenient to go shopping?
—But I've found it rather valuable for my health.
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. shall
⑤—I promise her daughter ________ get a nice present on her birthday.
—Will it be a big surprise to her?
A. should
B. must
C. would
D. shall
⑥She just couldn't believe that her husband，to whom she had been loyal for so many years，________ desert her after he became rich.
A. might
B. should
C. shall
D. must
⑦—A Mr. Smith is waiting outside for the appointment with you. ________ he come in?
—Yes，please let him in.
A. Shall
B. May
C. Will
D. Need
⑧He is always on time for work. How ________ it be that he was late yesterday?
A. can
B. might
C. may
D. must
⑨—Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.
—She ________. I've already borrowed one.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D. shouldn't
【答案】①B②C③C④B⑤D⑥B⑦A⑧A⑨C
2表示“推测”的情态动词
肯定句中用must，may，might，could，当表示理论上的可能性时也可用can；
否定句中用can，may，might，could；
疑问句中用can，could。
用适当的情态动词填空：
①________ he be a policeman?
②He ________ be a policeman，but I am not sure.
③He ________ be a policeman，for he is so short.
④He ________ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.
【答案】①Can②may/might/could③can't④must
3情态动词的完成式
①must have done表示一定做了某事，只用于肯定句中。如：
He must have been a brave boy ten years ago.
②can/could have done用于否定句和疑问句中表示推测。
③could have done用于肯定句中表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：
I could have come on time，but my car broke on the way.
④may/might have done 表示可能做了某事，用于肯定句和否定句(意为“可能不”)中。
⑤might have done也可以表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：
She might have done better than that.
⑥should (not) have done＝ought (not) to have done表示本应该做但没做或本不应该做但做了，含有责备或悔意。如：
I oughtn't to have scolded her for such a small thing.
A. 表示“(估计)应该已经……”“大概已经……”，即对过去情况的推测。如：
They left at nine，so they should have arrived(＝probably have arrived) home by now.
B. 表示“竟然已经……”“居然已经……”，即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到惊奇、惊喜、怀疑。如：
I'm surprised that he should have been so foolish.
⑦needn't have done 表示本没必要做某事而实际上做了；
didn't need to do 表示本没必要做而实际上也未做。如：
You needn't have walked so quickly since time was enough.
⑧would have done用在虚拟语气句中，表示与过去事实相反。如：
If he had told me the truth，I would have gone there.
⑨would like/love to have done表示本打算做某事而实际上未做。如：
I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then.
⑩had better have done表示本来最好做某事而实际上未做。如：
You had better have come earlier，but you didn't.
11would rather have done 表示当时宁愿做了或没做。如：
○
I would rather have refused his offer.
用适当的情态动词填空：
①I was really anxious about you. You ________ not have left without a word.
②He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he ________ have scored a goal.
③You ________ not have seen him in the street yesterday，for he has been to Japan.
【答案】①should②would/could/might③can/could
4一般疑问句中几个情态动词的提问和回答
情态动词的回答要根据具体的句意来判断。
完成下列句子：
①—Need I go there now?
—Yes，you________．
—No，you ________．
②—Must I do my homework?
—Yes，you________．
—No，you________．
③—May/Might I use your bike?
—Yes，you ________．＝Yes，you________．＝Yes，please.＝Sure/Certainly.
—No，you ________．
④—Can/Could you help me carry the bag?
—Yes，I ________．
⑤—Will/Would you come to party tonight?
—Yes，I________．
—Sorry，but I________．
⑥—Shall I tell him about it?
—No，you ________. I told him just now.
【答案】①must；needn't ＝don't have to ②must；needn't＝don't have to ③may；can；mustn't/can't ④can⑤will；can't ⑥needn't
5与情态动词有关的固定短语
①may/might well do 很可能做
may/might (just) as well do 不妨做
②cannot/can never...too＝cannot/can never...enough 越……越好
③would rather do和had better do
④A pencil will do (for sth.)＝A pencil will be suitable (for sth.)
⑤The car won't start.＝The car can't be started.
①I really ________ thank you enough. It's been an amazing day.
A. needn't
B. shouldn't
C. mustn't
D. cannot
②These are excellent photographs and we ________well use them in our magazine.
A. can
B. could
C. must
D. may
【答案】①D②D
6must和have to
①must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要；
②must一般只表示现在时，have to则有更多的时态形式。
用must和have to的适当形式填空：
①I ________ go now for I have got a meeting 15 minutes later.
②Jenny ________tidy up the room before her mother came back.
【答案】①have to②had to
7can，could和be able to的区别
①can用于现在时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态；
②表示过去经过努力而做成某事要用was/were able to，而不用could。
用can，could和be able to的适当形式填空：
①Although the fire was big，everyone________ escape.
②Only in this way will you ________ finish the work in time.
【答案】①was able to②be able to
8will，would，used to
will，would和used to均表示“习惯”。
①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作；
②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比，后不能跟状态动词；
③used to表示过去习惯的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。
用will，would和used to填空：
①He ________ be late for school，but now he is seldom late.
②She ________ sit for hours without saying anything.
③He ________ walk by the river in the morning after he got up.
【答案】①used to②will③would
9虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
①错综时间条件句(动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整)。
②if省略句(在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句)。
③用介词或介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的有with，without，but for。
④含蓄条件句。用otherwise或but来体现虚拟语气。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①If you ________(go) to bed earlier last night，you ________(not be) sleepy now.
②If you________(not attend) the meeting yesterday，you________(not meet) him.
③I ________(be) ill yesterday. Otherwise，I ________(go) there.
④I ________(give) you more help，but I was too busy.
⑤But for the rain last Sunday，we ________(have) a picnic.
【答案】①had gone；wouldn't be ②hadn't attended；wouldn't have met ③was；would have gone ④would have g iven
⑤would have had
10as if/as though的用法
as if/as though引导的从句表示的情况可能会发生用陈述语气，表示的情况不可能发生则用虚拟语气。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①It looks as if it ______________(rain)．
②He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he ________(be) a Chinese.
③They talked as if they ______(be) friends for many years.
【答案】①is going to rain②were③had been
11If only...！句型的使用
If only＋句子＝How I wish＋that从句，句中用虚拟语气。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①If only I ________(be) a flying bird!
②If only I ________(go) home tomorrow!
③Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I ________(follow) your advice.
【答案】①were②would go③had followed
12虚拟语气在名词性从句和固定句型中的使用
①表示建议、愿望、命令等词的名词性从句中，常见的词有demand，order，require，requirement，insist，suggest，suggestion，propose，proposal，advise，advice，recommend，desire，request，urge等，从句虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
②It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/...＋that从句，从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
③wish (that) sb. did(表现在)/had_done(表过去)/would_do(表将来)(三种虚拟形式)
④would rather (that) sb. did(表现在和将来)/had_done(表过去)(两种虚拟形式)
⑤It's (about/high) time that sb. did sth./sb. should do sth.
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①His face suggested he ________(be) ill and we suggested that he ________(send) to hospital.
②He insisted he ________(be) right and that he ________(set) free.
③It is necessary that he ________(send) to Miami.
④I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow.
⑤It's time that we ________(take) measures.
⑥I wish I ________(see) the film yesterday.
【答案】①was; (should) be sent②was；(should) be set ③(should) be sent ④came⑤took/should take⑥had seen
13名词性从句在虚拟语气中的时态
如果状语从句是虚拟语气，从句或主句中的名词性从句则根据具体语境确定时态。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①If it were not the fact that she ________(can)not sing，I would invite her to the party tonight.
②If you came to our school，you would find that a library ________(build) now.
【答案】①can②is being built
1. (2014·江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A. might
B. would
C. should
D. could
2. (2014·北京卷)________ I have a word with you? It won't take long.
A. Can
B. Must
C. Shall
D. Should
3. (2014·福建卷)________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there
B. Had there been
C. If there are
D. If there have been
4. (2014·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past.
A. had thrown
B. will be throwing
C. were throwing
D. would have thrown
5. (2014·陕西卷)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay
B. has stayed
C. stayed
D. stay
6. (2013·江苏卷)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious.
A. thought
B. would think
C. had thought
D. have thought
7. (2013·辽宁卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ________ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink
B. should drink
C. would have drunk
D. must have drunk
8. (2013·全国新课标卷)The door ________ open，no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn't
B. couldn't
C. wouldn't
D. mightn't
9. (2012·江苏卷)—Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It's the best present I ________ for.
A. should have wished
B. must have wished
C. may have wished
D. could have wished
10. (2012·重庆卷)—________ you interrupt now？Can't you see I'm on the phone?
—Sorry sir，but it's urgent.
A. Can
B. Should
C. Must
D. Would
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. C
9. D 10. C
1. You can't imagine that a well－behaved gentleman ________ be so rude to the old.
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
2. Peter ________ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.
A. shall
B. should
C. can
D. must
3. —________ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?
—No. It ________ be Wang Hai who did it.
A. Could；may
B. Can；can
C. May；must
D. Can；must
4. When the old man was alive，he ________ sit for hours at the door.
A. would
B. could
C. must
D. might
5. —He ________ have been sent to hospital immediately.
—So he________，but all efforts made no difference.
A. should；was
B. must；did
C. ought to；had
D. can；has
6. He denied ________ stolen these watches and insisted that he ________ set free at once.
A. having；be
B. to have；be
C. having；was
D. to have；was
7. —Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?
—I would have，but I ________ so busy then.
A. had been
B. were
C. was
D. would be
8. Madonna ________ a straight－A student，but it was dancing that she was really crazy about.
A. must be
B. could be
C. must have been
D. could have been
9. He ________ have completed his work，otherwise he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should
B. must
C. wouldn't
D. can't
10. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They ________ at least 150 kilometres an hour.
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
11. There________ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn't
B. shan't
C. shouldn't
D. needn't
12. Helen ________ go on the trip with us，but she isn't quite sure yet.
A. shall
B. must
C. may
D. can
13. —Who is the girl standing over there?
—Well，if you ________ know，her name is Mabel.
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. shall
14. “The interest ________ be divided into five parts，according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
15. —It's hard to believe that Jack ________ have fought with the policeman.
—Yes. If one ________ ask for trouble，it can't be helped.
A. would；will
B. must；may
C. should；must
D. need；dare
16. —Why didn't Tom give you one of his paintings?
—I didn't want one，but he would have given me one if I ________．
A. did
B. would
C. will
D. had
17. —Shall I go and buy more food and drink for the party?
—No，we have prepared a fridge of those. That ________ be quite enough.
A. can
B. may
C. might
D. ought to
18. I ________ up early this morning，so I stayed in bed until 8 o'clock a．m.
A. needn't have got
B. didn't need to get
C. shouldn't have got
D. can't have got
19. He ________ an action movie on TV when I called him，for I could hear the sound of fighting over the phone.
A. must be watching
B. must have been watching
C. must have watched
D. must watch
20. —Has Mr.Tom White arrived?
—Yes，already. ________ he wait outside or just come in?
A. Shall
B. May
C. Could
D. Must
21. She ________ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.
A. dares not go
B. dares not to go
C. dare not to go
D. doesn't dare go
22. —Why didn't the manager join us in hiking yesterday?
—I'm not sure. He ________ too busy to get away.
A. might be
B. must be
C. might have been
D. must have been
23. I met a girl yesterday who can express herself freely in both English and French. She ________ a gift for languages.
A. must have had
B. must have
C. should have had
D. should have
24. I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.
A. can
B. might
C. would
D. need
25. —Shall I tell her to come to see you?
—No，you ________．She's already been sent for.
A. needn't
B. shouldn't
C. mustn't
D. wouldn't
26. She ________ well refuse to speak to you，because she is in a very bad mood.
A. will
B. may
C. must
D. can
27. I tried to explain the problem to Mary, but she was so angry that she ________ listen.
A. couldn't
B. shouldn't
C. wouldn't
D. might not
28. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen
29. —You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
—Well, I don't know. It ________ do.
A. might
B. need
C. would
D. should
30. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be
B. would be
C. has been
D. would have been
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. D
9. B 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. D
17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
2018年高考英语语法复习精讲三(动词时态和语态)
2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练 在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。 时态主动语态形式被动语态形式 一般现在时am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时was/were/did was/were done 现在完成时has/have done has/have been done 现在完成进行 时 has/have been doing/ 现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时had done had been done 将来完成时will/shall have done will/shall have been done 一般将来时will/shall do am/is/are going to do am/is/are coming/leaving am/is/are to do am/is/are about to do will/shall be done am/is/are to be done 过去将来时would do was going to do was coming/leaving was to do was about to do would be done was/were to be done 将来进行时will/shall be doing/ 考点1一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空： ①I'll go there after I________(finish)my work. ②The water will be further polluted unless some measures________(take)． ③My train________(leave)at6：30. ④A snow________(expect)to come next week. ⑤Here________(come)the bus. ⑥This kind of cloth________(wash)well. ⑦Don't take it away.It________(belong)to me. ⑧He said water________(boil)at100℃. 考点2一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。 现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
英语虚拟语气讲解
虚拟语气 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测 试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说 的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型: 1.与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker.如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) 2.与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) 3.与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和 后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now. 这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。 2. 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是 将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情 发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对
最高考2016届高考英语语法精讲精练专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
实用标准文案 文档大全专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1 情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will 和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when
高中英语语法精讲精练
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高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
英语语法专项：虚拟语气用法详解及练习(附答案)
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中 的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分 利用他的时间了。 If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。 If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。 (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。 If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be 时，可用was 代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用were。如： Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。 (2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动 作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
2021届高考英语语法一轮复习精讲精练名词性从句之高考真题精选(3)
名词性从句之高考真题精选（3） 1. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. which B. where C. how D. what 2. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do__________ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one 5. I want to be liked and loved for __________I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 6. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 7. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what 8. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not good enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which 9. The how to book can be of help to ________wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 10. Could I speak to ________is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 11. __________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. whichever 12. _______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 13. Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where
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语法专题一：定语从句 1. 定语从句的几个基本概念： 1) 先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。 2) 先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。 3) 关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。 作主语：指物，则用that, which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引导，不省略。 作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语：指物，用that, which引导，可省略； 指人，用that, who, whom引导，可省略。 注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。 作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。 4) 关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when, 地点用where, 原因用why，亦 可用介词+which替代。 所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。 5) 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。 (1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。 (3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。 (4) as为关系代词，“正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。 注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。 2. 一些特殊用法： 1) 一般只用that引导从句的情况： (1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰时； (2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时； (3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时； (4) 先行词既有人又有物时； (5) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。 2) 一般只用which引导从句的情况： (1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时； (2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时； (3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this, that等, 引导定从。 3) 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况： (1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个 句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象” 之意，而which则没有此意； (2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在“so / as…as”结构中，表示“那样…… 以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句； (3) 在such…as结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在such…that 结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。
2010高三英语名师手记虚拟语气篇
2010高三英语名师手记：虚拟语气篇 一、考纲要求 根据考纲的要求，虚拟语气部分主要考查情态动词的选择、虚拟语气在条件句中、在名词性从句中、在简单句中或在日常交际中的使用等基本用法。 二、命题导向 依据语境来判断虚拟语气的不同形式是高考试题的主要设题方法之一。在近年的高考试题中，出现了对陈述语气与虚拟语气辨析的考查。虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用是该部分的重点掌握内容。 三、复习要点 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，说话人陈述的并不是事实，而是表达一种愿望、假设和猜测等。只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气，如果假设的条件有可能实现，用真实条件句。如果假设的条件无法实现或实现的可能性很小，则用虚拟语气。使用虚拟语气的情况主要有下列几种： 1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 (1) if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 非真实条件句表示不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小假设。条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的时态形式有三种： ①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“动词过去式(be一般用were)”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。例如：If you were the UN Secretary General, could you stop the wars on the earth? If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad。
②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。 【记忆小窍门】可提到句首的词有三个：had, should和were。谐音记忆：一马当先“还属我”。 ⑶含蓄虚拟条件句 有时，可不用条件句表示一个非真实的条件，而用一些介词短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非真实的条件，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。例如： ①通过with, without, but for和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件 She’d look better with shorter hair. =if she had her hair cut shorter Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help… But for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not bee n the heavy snow… She would be shocked to hear the news. =If she heard the news… It wo uld be easier to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way… ②句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。 He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。 Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I a bsent。
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2021届高考英语语法一轮复习精讲精练情态动词之高考真题精选(3)
情态动词之高考真题精选（3） 1. He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he __________be quite charming when he wishes. A. shall B. should C. can D. must 2. Traveling by subway __________sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during the rush hour. A. must B. can C. shall D. should 3. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t 4. Using AI, many companies are now conducting experiments that__________ possible just a few years ago. A. would have been B. might have been C. shouldn't have been D. couldn't have been 5. I __________my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. A. should pass B. could have passed C. had passed D. must have passed 6. Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _________ just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would 7. We _________have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. A. needn't B. may not C. shouldn't D. mustn't 8. It wasn’t right to me that such near neighbors not know one another. A. could B. would C. should D. might 9. According to the air traffic rules, you _______ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should
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虚拟语气 一、单项选择:(共18小题,每题1分) 1.If I had had enough time, I my work.[] A.would finish B.must have finished C.would have finished D.had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they the plane.[] A.will catch B.would catch C.would have caught D.will have caught 3.Mr Green requires that the students a composition every otherweek. A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write 4.Had he studied hard, he the exam.[] A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed 5.I wish I what is happening there in his room.[] A.know B.known C.knew D.should know 6.It is important that you sports every day.[] A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything .[] A.will die B.would die C.would have died D.would have been dead 8.what was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone. A.Had I known B.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known 9.He ordered that the work right away.[] A.should finish B.finished C.would be finished D.be finished 10.—Shall we go to the movie tonight[] —No, I'd rather at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A.you stayed B.you stay C.stayed D.stay 11.in your position, I would help him.[] A.Was I B.Were I C.If I am D.If I had been 12.I , but I was stopped by the heavy rain.[] A.mean to come B.meant to come C.had meant to come D.meant coming 13.Mrs Black insists in that old hotel.[] A.not to stay B.not staying C.staying not D.that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would .[] A.understand it B.have understood C.be understood D.have been understood 15.If you that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy. A.haven't watched B.hadn't watched C.didn't watch D.wouldn't have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he a Chinese. A.is B.be C.should be D.was 17.—If he , he that food.[] —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned; would not take B.would be warned; had not taken C.had been warned;would not have taken D.would have been warned; had not taken 18.Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology achieved.
2021-2022年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态
2021年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived；第71题（短文改错）考查了think变为过去时thought；第75题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have；77题（短文改错）考查了将using变为被动used。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。 各种时态构成表：（以do为例）
一、一 般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches， finish→finishes