英语人教版九年级全册宾语从句专项讲解

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，

注意！宾语从句小口诀：

宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；

主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；

主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；

陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,

特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。

一、基本讲解

1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)

Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)

2.连接词

(1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。

e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序

eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .

注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。

a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if

eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.

b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时，只用whether.

eg, Please let me know what to do next.

Could you tell me whether u go or not?

c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.

(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。

E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you?

特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。

3.宾语从句时态

a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：

Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?

b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：

I didn't know （if/whether he had seen the film.）

注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：

He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）

The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）

4.、人称的变化和标点的使用

a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：

“May I use your knife？”He asked me.

→He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me.

→He asked me if I know her telephone number.

b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives?

二、宾语从句的转化

1.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

She agreed that she could help me with my maths.

→She agreed to help me with my maths.

2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：

I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy.

3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者

在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park?

4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.

→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

时态的呼应也叫时态的一致，是指在复合句中，某些从句（主要是宾语从句等名词性从句）的时态常受主句时态的影响，因而要注意主从句两部分的时态呼应。

（1）主句是现在时态或将来时时，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。

He says his father is/was/will be a teacher. 他说他父亲是（过去是，将来要做）一个教师。

They will tell you that they are living/lived/will live/have lived in shanghai. 他们会告诉你他们正住在上海/在上海住过/将住在上海/一直住在上海。

（2）主句是过去时态时，从句的时态要注意下列几点：

A. 从句与主句动作同时发生，从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。

I thought he studied hard. 我认为他学习努力。

He told me his son was watching TV. 他告诉我他儿子在看电视。

B. 从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句须用过去将来时。例如：

He said he would post the letter. 他说他将要寄这封信。

They did not know when they would go to the Great Wall. 他们不知道什么时候去参观长城。

C. 从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句须用过去完成时。例如：

He said he had posted the letter。他说已经把信发了。

They asked me whether I had been there before. 他们问我以前去没去过那里。

但是，如果从句有具体的过去时间状语，尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前，有时仍用一般过去时。例如：

She told me her brother died in 1960. 她告诉我她哥哥1960年去世的。

They said they checked everything yesterday. 他们说昨天他们全部检查过了。

另外，从句说的是一般真理或客观事实，即使主句用过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。例如：

The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round. 老师告诉学生们地球是圆的。

Somebody told me you are a writer. 有人告诉我你是个作家。

除了宾语从句外，其他名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）一般也要遵守这种时态呼应的规律。而状语从句和定语从句则是根据本身意思的需要选用适当的时态。例如：

He saw the boy whose mother is our teacher. 他见过那个他妈妈是我们老师的男孩。

It was not so hot yesterday as it is today. 昨天没有今天这样热