2018上海奉贤区高三二模
2018届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题及答案
2018届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题及答案上海市奉贤区2018届高三下学期调研测试英语试卷考生注意：1．本试卷分为第I卷(第1-12页)和第II卷(第13页)两部分。
全卷共13页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
2．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号（区统一编号，9位），并用铅笔在答题卡的相应位置上正确涂写准考证号。
3．第I卷第1—16小题、41—77小题采用多项选择题形式，答案必须涂写在答题纸相应的位置上，写在试卷上无效。
第I卷中的第17—40小题、第78—81小题和第II卷的答案必须用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷（105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.2.A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied.C. Bored.D. Exhausted.3.A. Because she didn’t likehim. B. Because visiting hours were over.C. Because he didn’t hearD. Because she needed to rest.the bell.4.A. Stop the bus. B. Walk to the zoo.C. Cross the street.D. Call the police.5.A. On a farm. B. In a planeC. In a coffee shop.D. In a restaurant.6.A. A manager. B. A teacher.C. A worker.D. A secretary.7.A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $50.8.A. He is careless about his appearance.B. He is ashamed of his present condition.C. He changes his job frequently.D. He shaves every other day.9. A. Training for the Middle Atlantic Championship.B. Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic (跨大西洋的) trip.C. Collecting information about baseball games.D. Analyzing their opponents’ on-field performance.10. A. Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B. Jane should have started a little earlier.C. He knows what sort of person Jane is.D. He is annoyed at having to wait for Jane.Section BDirections In Section B, you will hear two short passages, andyou will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paperand decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Teaching music. B. Repairing musicalinstruments.C. Writing music.D. Making musical instruments.12. A. Teamwork and patience. B. The value of time.C. The truth of society.D. Diligence and confidence.13. A. How to repair musical instruments. B. How to preparea musical performance.C. Learning experiences of a repairman.D. The enjoyable job of a music lover.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Equipping students with knowledge. B. Qualifying students for certain jobs.C. Developing students’habits of mind.D. Helping students to go to graduate school.15. A. The ability to have critical analysis.B. Creative use of leisure time.C. Logical use of information.D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.16. A. Goals to reach in a college education.B. Roles of knowledge in students’ growth.C. Qualifications needed for a job.D. Importance of after-class activities.Section CDirections In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks withthe information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections Directions After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form。
奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案
奉贤区2018学年第二学期区调研测试高三数学二模卷考试时间120分钟，满分150分一、填空题（第1题到第6题每题4分，第7题到第12题每题5分，满分54分）1．计算行列式2cossin 32sin3cosππππ=_____________． 2．在62⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+x x 的展开式中常数项为_____________． 3．设函数()c x f y x+==2log 的图像经过点()5,2，则()x f y =的反函数()x f 1-=_______．4．参数方程⎩⎨⎧=+=θθsin cos 2y x [)()πθθ2,0,∈为参数表示的普通方程为________．5．若关于y x ,的二元一次线性方程组的增广矩阵是⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛26011a ，该方程组的解为⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛2c ，则=+c a _____________．6．若y x ,满足约束条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥+≤+≥-2620y x y x y x ，则y x 3+的最小值为_________．7．设等比数列{}n a 中，首项01<a ，若{}n a 是递增数列，则公比q 的取值范围是 ． 8．双曲线的右焦点恰好是x y 42=的焦点，它的两条渐近线的夹角为2π，则双曲线的标准方程为_________．9．已知函数()x f y =是定义在R 上的奇函数，且在[)+∞,0单调递减，当2019=+y x 时，恒有()()()y f f x f >+2019成立，则x 的取值范围是_________．10．随机选取集合{5}地，，莘南铁号线BRT 线的非空子集A 和B 且∅≠B A I 的概率 是_________． 11．实系数一元二次方程012=++bx ax ()0≠ab 的两个虚根21,z z ，1z 的实部()0e 1<z R ，则2120202920202120z z mm m --+的模等于1，则实数=m ________． 12．设点P 在以A 为圆心，半径为1的圆弧上运动（包含B 、C 两个端点），π32=∠BAC ，且AC y AB x AP +=，xy y x ++的取值范围为_________．二、选择题（单项选择题，每题5分，满分20分）13．在等差数列{}n a 中，设*,,,N r p l k ∈，则r p l k +>+是r p l k a a a a +>+的（ ）A ．充分非必要条件B ．必要非充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既非充分非必要条件．14．如左下图的后母戊鼎（原称司母戊鼎）是迄今为止世界上出土最大、最重的青铜礼器，有“镇国之宝”的美誉．后母戊鼎双耳立，折沿宽缘，直壁，深腹，平底，下承中空“柱足”，造型厚重端庄，气势恢宏，是中国青铜时代辉煌文明的见证．上右图为鼎足近似模型的三视图（单位：cm ）．经该鼎青铜密度为a （单位：kg /cm 3），则根据三视图信息可得一个“柱足”的重量约为（重量＝体积×密度，单位：kg ）（ ） A ．πa 1250 B ．πa 5000 C ．πa 3750 D ．πa 15000． 15． 已知ABC ∆的周长为12，()()2,0,2,0C B -，则顶点A 的轨迹方程为（ ）A ．()01161222≠=+x y x B ．()01161222≠=+y y x C ．()01121622≠=+x y x D ．()01121622≠=+y y x ．16．设有000C B A ∆，作它的内切圆，得到的三个切点确定一个新的三角形111C B A ∆，再作111C B A ∆的内切圆，得到的三个切点又确定一个新的三角形222C B A ∆，以此类推，一次一次不停地作下去可以得到一个三角形序列()Λ,3,2,1=∆n C B A n n n ，它们的尺寸越来越小，则最终这些三角形的极限情形是（ ）A ．等边三角形B ．直角三角形C ．与原三角形相似D ．以上均不对．三、解答题（14+14+14+16+18=76分）17．已知θαθcos ,sin ,sin 成等差数列，θβθcos ,sin ,sin 成等比数列，（1）若6πα=，求θ；（2）求βα2cos 212cos -的值．18．如图，在四棱锥ABCD P -中，PD PA ⊥，PDPA =，AD 的中点是E，ABCD PE 面⊥，AD AB ⊥，5,2,1====CD AC AD AB ， （1）求异面直线PC 与AB 所成角的大小；（2）求面PDC 与平面PAB 所成二面角的大小．19．国家质量监督检验检疫局于2004年5月31日发布了新的《车辆驾驶人员血液、呼气酒精含量阀值与检验》国家标准．新标准规定，车辆驾驶人员血液中的酒精含量大于或等于20毫克/百毫升，小于80毫克/百毫升为饮酒驾车，血液中的酒精含量大于或等于80毫克/百毫升为醉酒驾车．经过反复试验，喝一瓶啤酒后酒精在人体血液中的变化规律的“散点图”如下图，该函数近似模型如下：()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥+<≤+⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-=-2,18.1027.5420,42.47233.02x ex x a x f x． 又已知刚好过1小时时测得酒精含量值为44.42毫克/百毫升．根据上述条件，解答以下问题：（1）试计算喝1瓶啤酒多少小时血液中的酒精含量达到最大值？最大值是多少？ （2）试计算喝1瓶啤酒后多少小时后才可以驾车？（时间以整分钟计算）20．已知两点()()0,2,0,221F F -，动点P 在y 轴上的射影是H ，且22121PF PF =⋅，（1）求动点P 的轨迹方程；（2）设直线21,PF PF 的两个斜率存在，分别记为21,k k ，若121=k k ，求点P 的坐标； （3）若经过点()0,1-N 的直线l 与动点P 的轨迹有两个交点为T 、Q ，74=时，求直线l 的方程.21．统计学中将()*,2N n n n ∈≥个数n x x x ,,,21Λ的和记作∑=ni ix1（1）设133-=n b n ()*Nn ∈，求∑=101i i b ；（2）是否存在互不相等的非负整数n a a a a ,,,,321Λ，n a a a a <<<≤Λ3210,使得201921=∑=ni a i成立，若存在，请写出推理的过程；若不存在请证明；（3）设n x x x x ,,,,321Λ()3≥n 是不同的正实数，a x =1，对任意的()3*≥∈n N n ，都有2122212111221x x x x x x x x x n n i i i n --=∑-=+，判断n x x x x ,,,,321Λ是否为一个等比数列，请说明理由.奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案 2019年4月一、填空题（1-6，每个4分，7-12每个5分，合计54分）1、02、160（必须要化简）3、R x x ∈-,24(可以不写定义域) 4、22(2)1x y -+=或03422=++-y x x5、5a c +=6、2-7、(0,1) 8、2211122x y -=（标准方程是唯一的表达形式），9、0∞（-，）或0<x 或{}0<x x 1011、2 12、[1,3] 二、选择题（每个5分，合计20分）13、D 14、C 15、A 16、A三、解答题（14+14+14+16+18=76分）17、（1）因为θαθcos ,sin ,sin成等差数列，所以2sin sin cos αθθ=+··········2分又6πα=，所以sin cos 1θθ+=，即sin()42πθ+=所以2k θπ=或22k πθπ=+，k Z ∈·····················2分解出⎩⎨⎧==0cos 1sin θθ或⎩⎨⎧==1cos 0sin θθ····················1分因为θβθcos ,sin ,sin 成等比数列，所以θ的解集是空集···················1分 方法二：θαθcos ,sin ,sin 成等差数列，所以2sin sin cos αθθ=+··········2分 又6πα=，所以sin cos 1θθ+=，1cos sin22=+θθ，解出⎩⎨⎧==0cos 1sin θθ或⎩⎨⎧==1cos 0sin θθ····················3分因为θβθcos ,sin ,sin 成等比数列，所以θ的解集是空集···················1分（2）因为θαθcos ,sin ,sin 成等差数列，所以2sin sin cos αθθ=+因为θβθcos ,sin ,sin 成等比数列，所以2sin sin cos βθθ=⋅···················2分 所以2211cos 2cos 212sin (12sin )22αβαβ-=---·················2分 2sin cos 112()(12sin cos )22θθθθ+=---⋅·················2分 111sin cos sin cos 22θθθθ=--⋅-+⋅0=·················2分 18、（1）方法一：E CD CA ,=是中点，所以AD CE ⊥ 2分AD AB ⊥,所以CE 平行AB ，PCE ∠或其补角是异面直线所成的角 2分 计算可得12==PE CE ，,所求异面直线角为21arctan 3分方法二：建立空间直角坐标系，但必须证明AD CE ⊥，AD PE ⊥，CE PE ⊥ 若不写证明，直接写如图所示，以E 点为坐标原点，建立空间直角坐标系直接扣2分E PD PA ,=是中点，所以AD PE ⊥ABCD PE 面⊥，所以CE PE ⊥如图所示，以E 点为坐标原点，建立空间直角坐标系，0,-1,0(0,10),(1,10),(2,00),(0,01)D A B C P （）, ，，，，··········2分 (201),(100)PC AB =-=u u u r u u u r ，，，， ···········2分异面直线PC 与AB 所成角为θ225cos ||||5||||211PC AB PC AB θ⋅===⋅+⋅u u u r u u u ru u u r u u u r 异面直线PC 与AB 所成角为25arccos5···········2分 （2）设面PDC 的一个法向量为1(,,)n u v w =r11,n DP n DC ∴⊥⊥u r u u u r u r u u u r，又(011),(21,0)DP DC ==u u u r u u u r ，，， 即11=00u+1v+1w=02u+1v+0w=0=0n DP n DC ⎧⋅⋅⋅⋅⎧⎪⇒⎨⎨⋅⋅⋅⋅⎩⎪⎩u r u u u r u r u u u r 不妨令2v =， 则2,1w u =-=-，即面PDC 的一个法向量为1(1,2,2)n =--r，···········2分同理可得面PAB 的一个法向量为2(0,1,1)n =r···········2分令1n u r 和2n u u r 所成角为ϕ，则1212cos 0||||n n n n ϕ⋅===⋅u r u u r u r u u r ···········2分 所以2πϕ=，即面PDC 与平面PAB 所成二面角的大小为2π.···········1分19、（1）由题意得：当1x =时，23(1)()47.4244.422f a x =-+=，即12a =-····2分 所以当02x ≤<时，23()12()47.422f x x =--+， 在32x =时取到最大值47.42 ·········2分 又当2≥x 时，0.3()54.2710.18xf x e -=+是单调递减函数，在2x =时取到最大值96.39 ·········2分39.9647.42<，所以喝1瓶啤酒1.5小时血液中的酒精含量达到最大值47.42·····1分（2）当02x ≤<时，23()12()47.422f x x =--+，此时血液中酒精含量范围是(20.42,47.42]，不可以驾车；·········3分 当2≥x 时，0.3()54.2710.18xf x e-=+单调递减函数所以令0.3()54.2710.1820xf x e -=+< 即982ln5427 5.6990.3x >≈-小时，·········2分所以喝1瓶啤酒后342分钟后才可以驾车。
2018届奉贤区高三二模语文试卷
2017学年第二学期奉贤区调研测试高三语文试卷（2018.4）（完卷时间150分钟，满分150分）一、积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）_楼船夜雪瓜洲渡，铁马秋风大散关。
（陆游《书愤》）（2）成语“任重道远”出自《论语·泰伯》：“士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远”。
（3）古人诗词中常借用虚拟之景表达情感，如秦观《踏莎行》中的“雾失楼台，月迷津渡”。
柳永的《雨霖铃》下阕中与之手法相似的诗句是“__________，__________”。
杨柳岸，晓风残月（如多答“今宵酒醒何处”，不扣分）2.学习中遇到困难止步不前时，下列名言用以自勉不恰当的一项是（ D ）。
（2分）A.锲而不舍，金石可镂。
——荀子《劝学》B.不登高山,不知天之高也。
——荀子《劝学》C.譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。
——《论语·子罕》D.善学者假人之长，以补其短。
——《吕氏春秋·孟夏纪》3.填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（ C）。
（3 分）我们在以理性为武器批判一切之前，是否先应对理性本身进行批判？我们在用武器批判一切之前，是否先对武器本身进行批判？我们在使用工具之前是否应先研究工具？理性是什么？它的内容和界限是什么？这种______________，就是哲学思考的根本问题。
A.对理性的思想，对理性的批判B.对理性的批判，对思想的批判C.对理性的思想，对思想的思想D.对理性的批判，对批判的思想二、阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成第4-9题。
（17分）①一般印象中，人类学家有点像是独行者，他在一个遥远的地方，去经历着不同文化给自己的磨难。
所以，李亦园先生说了这么一段话：“人类学的研究工作有一大特色，那就是要到研究的地方去做深入的调查探索，无论是蛮荒异域还是穷乡僻壤都要住过一年半载，并美其名叫‘参与观察’。
”因而，人类学家的生涯，与孤独寂寞分不开。
人类学家要备尝田野的孤独寂寞，是因为田野工作引起的文化冲击或文化震撼“经常使你终身难忘，刻骨铭心”。
2018年上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试卷(附答案及解题说明)
2018年奉贤区高三第二学期调研测试（二模）语文试卷（2018.4）（完卷时间150分钟，满分150分）一、积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）___________，铁马秋风大散关。
（陆游《书愤》）（2）成语“任重道远”出自《·泰伯》：“__________，任重而道远”。
（3）古人诗词中常借用虚拟之景表达情感，如秦观《踏莎行》中的“雾失楼台，月迷津渡”。
柳永的《雨霖铃》下阕中与之手法相似的诗句是“__________，__________”。
2.学习中遇到困难止步不前时，下列名言用以自勉不恰当的一项是（）。
（2分）A.锲而不舍，金石可镂。
——荀子《劝学》B.不登高山,不知天之高也。
——荀子《劝学》C.譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。
——《论语·子罕》D.善学者假人之长，以补其短。
——《吕氏春秋·孟夏纪》3.填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（）。
（3 分）我们在以理性为武器批判一切之前，是否先应对理性本身进行批判？我们在用武器批判一切之前，是否先对武器本身进行批判？我们在使用工具之前是否应先研究工具？理性是什么？它的内容和界限是什么？这种______________，就是哲学思考的根本问题。
A.对理性的思想，对理性的批判B.对理性的批判，对思想的批判C.对理性的思想，对思想的思想D.对理性的批判，对批判的思想二、阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成第4-9题。
（17分）①一般印象中，人类学家有点像是独行者，他在一个遥远的地方，去经历着不同文化给自己的磨难。
所以，李亦园先生说了这么一段话：“人类学的研究工作有一大特色，那就是要到研究的地方去做深入的调查探索，无论是蛮荒异域还是穷乡僻壤都要住过一年半载，并美其名叫‘参与观察’。
”因而，人类学家的生涯，与孤独寂寞分不开。
人类学家要备尝田野的孤独寂寞，是因为田野工作引起的文化冲击或文化震撼“经常使你终身难忘，刻骨铭心”。
2018年奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案
2018年奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案一、填空题（1-6，每个4分，7-12每个5分，合计54分）1、{}1或{}1=x x 2、8或1:8 3、（0，14） 4、4 5、4π或045 6、2log 3x = 7、4 8、6π或56π9、3710、311、7241250x y ±+= 12、9π阅卷评分标准说明：第1题必须集合形式，两种形式都可以；第2题1:8也可以；第5题也可以写045； 第8题必须两解，而且必须弧度制，漏解或角度制均不给分； 第9题答案必须最简结果，唯一表达形式；第11题直线方程必须一般式；第12题必须弧度制，角度制均不给分；； 请严格执行此标准阅卷二、选择题（每个5分，合计20分）13、A 14、D 15、C 16、B三、解答题（14+14+14+16+18=76分）17、（1）AC S V BCED ⋅⋅=31……………………………………………………………3分 340=…………………………………………………………………………3分踩分点，两个步骤环节，每一个3分（2）分别以CA 、CB 、CE 方向为z y x 、、轴建立空间直角坐标系，则：()0,0,0C 、()4,0,0E 、()0,0,4A 、()1,4,0D ， …………………………………2分所以()4,0,0=，()4,0,4-=，()3,4,0-= 设平面AED 的法向量为()z y x ,,=⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅00AE n ⇒⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==43z y z x ，……………………………………………………………… 2分 于是可以取()4,3,4=.……………………………………………………………………1分 设CE 与平面AED 所成的角为θ，则：41414sin ==θ，………………………………………………………………2分 所以CE 与平面AED 所成的角为41414arcsin.…………………………………………1分 建系设点2分，列方程组2分，求出法向量1分，套用公式1分，求出角2分18、（1）函数定义域为R ……………………………………………………………………1分 01)0(≠=kf ()x f ∴不是奇函数……………………………………………………………………2分()1221-+⋅=-x xk x f ，令()()()02211=-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-⇒=--xx k x f x f 恒成立， 所以当1=k 时，函数()x f 为偶函数；……………………………………………4分 当1≠k 时，函数()x f 是非奇非偶函数。
上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案
上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题1. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airportB. In a hotelC. At a police station.D. At a restaurant2. A. At4:20B. At4:40C. At4:50.D. At4:303. A. Its priceB. Its locationC. Its comfortD. Its facilities4. A Employer and employB. Husband and wifeC. Teacher and studentD. Patient and doctor5. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed earlyC. To catch the later flightD. To ask for a morning call.6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit.B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre.7. A. The critic has a very funny comment on the musicalB The woman agrees with the mans opinion of the musical.C. The woman has a very positive comment on the musical.D. The man and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis.B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9. A. Satisfied.B. Impatient.C. Exhausted.D. Amused.10. A. He wants to get a new job.B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D He enjoys letter writing.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbour's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.12. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work.B. By picking up mails for their neighbours.C. By keeping an eye on their neighbours' children.D. By planting trees along the street with others.13. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighbourhood.B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbours.C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard.D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To find out what covers the Earth.B. To list all living things on Earth.C. To work out the number of birds.D. To save the existing plants.15. A. It is run by school students.B. It focuses on different types of grass.C. It provides different levels of information.D. It allows non-scientists to review its data.16. A. We may know just a small part of all the living creatures of Earth.B. We have learnt most of the living creatures on Earth.C. Only scientists can help to make the Encyclopedia of Life.D. It won't be long before scientists collect all the data they need. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It is a club for people from different countries to socialize.B. It is a club for British people to socialize in Washington.C. It is a club for people from different countries to discuss business.D. It is a club which arranges for people from different countries to do sports together.18. A. Monday.B. Tuesday.C. Wednesday.D. Thursday.19. A. She can study and practise German free of charge.B. She can have a meal in a restaurant with anyone from different countries.C. She can communicate with all the sixty members at the moment.D. She doesn't need to pay for her first month in the club.20. A No activity is organized by International Friends Club on Wednesday.B. The woman came to America three months ago.C. International Friends Club organizes sports events for its members.D. If one wants to join in International Friends Club, he should fill in a form. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)______be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)______ (likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)_____ (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26)______ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)_______ _______ _______ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)_______ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)______ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being humman. Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destin(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learnto change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41. A. statements B. definitions C. applicationsD. explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely onD. consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasiveD. sensitive45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeableD. formal46. A. resources B. associations C. proceduresD. interactions47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B. open C. blindD. alert50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy51. A. reject B. strive C. claimD. oppose52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainableD. enjoyable55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objectionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forwardto pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.BEight Days from just E399Departs May—October 2018Includes:●Return flights from 8 UK airports to Naples●Return airport to hotel transport●Seven nights' accommodation at the 3☆ Hotel Nice●The services of guides●Government taxesJoin us for a wonderful holiday in one of Europe's most wonderful comers. Long a favourite with holidaymakers —indeed the ancient Romans called the area "happy land" —this simply attractive coastline of colourful towns, splendid views and the warm Mediterranean Sea is a perfect choice for a truly memorable holiday!Choose between the peaceful traditional village of Sant' Agata, set on a hillside six miles from Sorrento, or the more lively and well—known international resort town of Sorrento, with wonderful views over the Bay of Naples.Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Island of Capri to the haunting ruins of Pompeii and from the unforgettable "Amalfi Drive" to the delightful resorts of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Should you choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!With a choice of hotels and optional excursions including Capri, Pompei and the "Amalfi Drive", this is a truly unmissable holiday.Price based on two tourists sharing a twin / double room at the Hotel Nice.Like to know more? Then te-lep-hone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd on: 0845-226-7766(All calls charged at local rates).60. All the following are included in the price of ￡399 EXCEPT_______.A. transport between the airport and the hotelB. te-lep-hone calls made by touristsC. the services of guides to touristsD. double rooms for every two tourists61. What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?A. To invite people to take a breath in the Bay of Naples.B. To advise people to te-lep-hone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd.C. To persuade people to tour in the area of the Mediterranean Sea.D. To attract people to go to Sant' Agata or Sorrento for sightseeing.62. The underlined part "the area is a feast for the eyes" in the passage mean_______.A. the area is pleasing to the eyeB. the area is really unforgettableC. the area catches the tourists' eyeD. the area is crowded with touristsC"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressuresof work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common inGermany than in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any otherday of the week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly because ______.A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out______.A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attackB. if increase in blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes will cause heart attacksC. on which day people are least likely to have a heart attackD. if events like higher workload, more stress and so on will cause heart attacks.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Causes of Heart Attacks on Mondays.B. Warning: Mondays Are Bad for Your Heart.C. The Overweight and Smokers Risk Heart Attacks on Mondays.D. Reduce Your Chance of Having Heart Attacks on Mondays.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it sho uld be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year. 70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world - Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi Rivertown of Hudson, Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to LittleFreelibrary. org. there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. when you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbours' tastes determine what you'll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries main appeal. "A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading, a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life, said The Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。
2018年上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试卷(附答案)
2018年奉贤区第二学期调研测试（二模）高三语文试卷（2018.4）（完卷时间150分钟，满分150分）一、积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）___________，铁马秋风大散关。
（陆游《书愤》）（2）成语“任重道远”出自《·泰伯》：“__________，任重而道远”。
（3）古人诗词中常借用虚拟之景表达情感，如秦观《踏莎行》中的“雾失楼台，月迷津渡”。
柳永的《雨霖铃》下阕中与之手法相似的诗句是“__________，__________”。
2.学习中遇到困难止步不前时，下列名言用以自勉不恰当的一项是（）。
（2分）A.锲而不舍，金石可镂。
——荀子《劝学》B.不登高山,不知天之高也。
——荀子《劝学》C.譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。
——《论语·子罕》D.善学者假人之长，以补其短。
——《吕氏春秋·孟夏纪》3.填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（）。
（3 分）我们在以理性为武器批判一切之前，是否先应对理性本身进行批判？我们在用武器批判一切之前，是否先对武器本身进行批判？我们在使用工具之前是否应先研究工具？理性是什么？它的内容和界限是什么？这种______________，就是哲学思考的根本问题。
A.对理性的思想，对理性的批判B.对理性的批判，对思想的批判C.对理性的思想，对思想的思想D.对理性的批判，对批判的思想二、阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成第4-9题。
（17分）①一般印象中，人类学家有点像是独行者，他在一个遥远的地方，去经历着不同文化给自己的磨难。
所以，李亦园先生说了这么一段话：?人类学的研究工作有一大特色，那就是要到研究的地方去做深入的调查探索，无论是蛮荒异域还是穷乡僻壤都要住过一年半载，并美其名叫‘参与观察’。
?因而，人类学家的生涯，与孤独寂寞分不开。
人类学家要备尝田野的孤独寂寞，是因为田野工作引起的文化冲击或文化震撼?经常使你终身难忘，刻骨铭心？。
2018年上海奉贤区高三二模试卷(附答案)
2017 学年第二学期奉贤区调研测试高三语文试卷（2018.4）（完卷时间150 分钟，满分150 分）一、积累运用（10 分）1.按要求填空。
（5 分）（1），铁马秋风大散关。
（陆游《书愤》）（2）成语“任重道远”出自《·泰伯》：“，任重而道远”。
（3）古人诗词中常借用虚拟之景表达情感，如秦观《踏莎行》中的“雾失楼台，月迷津渡”。
柳永的《雨霖铃》中与之手法相似的诗句是“，”。
2.学习中遇到困难止步不前时，下列名言用以自勉不恰当的一项是（）。
（2 分）A.锲而不舍，金石可镂。
——荀子《劝学》B.不登高山,不知天之高也。
——荀子《劝学》C.譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。
——《论语·子罕》D.善学者假人之长，以补其短。
——《吕氏春秋·孟夏纪》3. 填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（）。
（3 分）我们在以理性为武器批判一切之前，是否先应对理性本身进行批判？我们在用武器批判一切之前，是否先对武器本身进行批判？我们在使用工具之前是否应先研究工具？理性是什么？它的内容和界限是什么？这种，就是哲学思考的根本问题。
A.对理性的思想，对理性的批判B.对理性的批判，对思想的批判C.对理性的思想，对思想的思想D.对理性的批判，对批判的思想二、阅读（70 分）（一）阅读下文，完成第4-9 题。
（17 分）①一般印象中，人类学家有点像是独行者，他在一个遥远的地方，去经历着不同文化给自己的磨难。
所以，李亦园先生说了这么一段话：“人类学的研究工作有一大特色，那就是要到研究的地方去做深入的调查探索，无论是蛮荒异域还是穷乡僻壤都要住过一年半载，并美其名叫‘参与观察’。
”因而，人类学家的生涯，与孤独寂寞分不开。
人类学家要备尝田野的孤独寂寞，是因为田野工作引起的文化冲击或文化震撼“经常使你终身难忘，刻骨铭心”。
人类学家不仅要承受孤独寂寞和文化震撼，还会时不时陷入一种难以自拔的困境。
马林诺夫斯基在田野中写下的《严格意义上的日记》，有这么一段话对自己的“迷糊状”做了生动的自白：4月7日（1918年）。
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2017学年第二学期奉贤区调研测试
高三物理试卷
一、选择题（共40分，第1-8小题，每题3分，第9-12小题，每题4分） 1. 汤姆孙通过对阴极射线研究，发现了（ ） A. 电子 B. 质子 C. 中子 D. 原子核式结构 2. 光在真空中传播，每份光子的能量取决于光的（ ） A. 振幅 B. 强弱 C. 频率 D. 速度 3. 下列用科学家名字命名的单位，属于基本单位的是（ ） A. 安培 B. 牛顿 C. 库仑 D. 特斯拉 4. 经过一次b 衰变，原子核（ ）
A. 少一个中子
B. 少一个质子
C. 少一个核子
D. 多一个核子
5. 如图，a 、b 两人绕一圆形花园健身步行，设两人坐匀速圆周运动，若a 、
b 所在位置与圆心O 始终在一直线上，则（ ） A. a 的线速度较大 B. a 的角速度较大
C.
b 的转速较大
D.
b 的加速度较大
6. 如图为一定质量的理想气体的P T -图像，从状态a 沿直线变化到状态
b ，气体的（ ）
A. 体积逐渐增大
B. 体积逐渐减小
C. 分子平均动能增大
D. 分子平均动能减小
7. 如图所示，竖直放置的气缸内有一质量不可忽略的光滑活塞，封闭了一定质量的理想气体。
现保持温度不变，把气缸稍微倾斜一点，重新平衡后，气体的（ ） A. 压强不变 B. 压强变小 C. 体积不变 D. 体积变小
8. 在“研究共点力的合成”实验中，1F 、2F 是用两弹簧秤同时拉橡皮筋到O 点的拉力，F 表示以1F 、2F 为邻边的平行四边形对角线，'F 表示用一弹簧秤拉橡皮筋到O 点时的拉力。
则合理的图（ ）
A.
B.
C.
D.
9. 两根平行放置的长直绝缘导线M 、N ，通以同向等大的电流如图。
在它们正中间放有一金属圆环，则可以使圆环中产生顺时针感应电流的是（ ） A. 增大M 中电流 B. 增大N 中电流 C. 导线N 向右移 D. 将两电流同时反向
10. 如图，物体A 以速度v 从地面竖直上抛，同时物体B 从某高处自由下落，经过时间t 正好以速度v 落地。
以向上为正方向，不计空气阻力，两物体在时间t 内的位移——时间图像可能是（ ）
A. B. C. D.
11. 如图，通电螺线管内放有一个小磁针，静止时小磁针S 极向上，现在螺线管外部中央放一根通有垂直纸面向里电流的直导线。
由此判断，电源上端的极性以及直导线所受的磁场力的方向是（ ） A. 负极，向左 B. 负极，向右 C. 正极，向左 D. 正极，向右
12. 如图所示，探究电荷间相互作用力的示意图，图中金属球A 带电，置于绝缘支架上，带电小球B 悬于绝缘丝线的下端，质量为m 。
当悬在P 1点，B 球静止时，两带电小球刚好在同一高度，此时绝缘丝线与竖直方向的夹角为q ，重力加速度为g ，则（ ） A. A 、B 间的库仑力为cot mg q B. A 、B 间的库仑力为sin mg q C. 将悬点移到P 2，平衡时B 低于A D. 将悬点移到P 2，平衡时A 、B 仍在同一高度
二、填空题
13. 如图，a 、b 分别为单缝衍射实验中，两束单色光经过同一实验装置得到的图案，则图______（选填“a ”或“b ”）对应光的波长较长。
欲使b 的中央衍射条纹变宽，可以________缝到屏之间的距离（选填“增大”或“减小”）。
14. 将电荷量为8
310
q -=?C 的正电荷从电场中的A 点移到B 点时，它的电
势能增加了7610-´J ，则在这个过程中，电场力对该电荷做了__________J 的功，A 、B 两点之间的电势差为__________V 。
15. 一列简谐横波沿x 轴正方向传播，0t =时刻的波形如图所示，质点B 的振动周期为0.2s 。
则波速大小为_________m/s ，再经过________s ，质点C 第一次到达波峰。
16. 如图所示电路，电源电动势为E ，内阻、定值电阻和滑动变阻器总阻值均为R 。
闭合电键，当滑片从a 移到b ，电流表示数将_________（选填“增大”或“减小”），当滑片滑至中点时，电流表示数为____________
（用题中已知量表示）。
17. 如图所示，下端用橡皮管连接的两根粗细相同的玻璃管竖直放置，右管开口，左管内被封闭气柱长20cm ，水银面比右管低15cm ，大气压强相当于75cm 高的水银柱产生的压强。
现保持左管不动，为了使左管内被封闭气柱长变为18cm ，右管应向_______移动（填“上”或“下”），移动的距离是_________cm 。
三、综合题（共40分）
18. （10分）如图是利用DIS 完成“用单摆测定当地重力加速度”实验。
实验时，先量出摆球的半径与摆线的长度。
单摆摆动后，点击“记录数据”。
摆球每经过平衡位置时记数1次，第1次记为“0”，当记数为“50”时，点击“停止记录”，显示时间为t 。
（1）则该单摆振动周期为______________。
（2）（单选）图示摆线上端的悬点处，用两块木片夹牢摆线，再用铁架台的铁夹将木片夹紧，是为了（ ） A. 便于测量单摆周期 B. 便于测量摆长时拉紧摆线 C. 保证摆动过程中摆长不变 D. 保证摆球在同一竖直平面内摆动 （3）若某组同学误以摆线的长度L 作为纵坐标，以单摆周期的平方2T 作为横坐标，作出2
L T -的图像。
其他操作测量都无误，则作出的图线是上图中的_________（选填“1”、“2”或“3”）。
（4）现发现三组同学作出的图线分别是1、2和3，但测出的斜率都为k ，是否可以根据斜率求出当地的重力加速度？___________。
（若不可以求出，填“否”；若可以求出，请填重力加速度的表达式）。
19. （14分）如图，地面上固定一粗糙斜面AB 。
质量为m 的滑块以0v 的初速度从斜面底端沿着斜面上滑，斜面倾角为37q =o ，长5s =
m ，滑块与斜面的滑动摩擦因数为0.5m =，求：
（已知sin 370.6,cos370.8==o
o
，重力加速度g 取10m/s 2） （1）滑块沿斜面上滑时的加速度；
（2）若05v =m/s ，求滑块沿斜面上滑的最大距离； （3）若011v =m/s ，求滑块着地速度大小。
20. （16分）如图所示，两条足够长的平行金属导轨竖直放置，间距为L 。
以MN 为界的两个匀强磁场，磁场方向均垂直导轨平面向里，上方区域的磁感强度大小为0B ，下方区域的磁感强度大
2B。
金属棒a、b分处上、下磁场，质量分别为2m和m，电阻均为R，与导轨接触良好，小为
并可沿导轨无摩擦地运动。
导轨上端连接一阻值为R的电阻和电键K，导轨电阻不计。
重力加速度为g。
（1）若电键K断开，当a棒在竖直方向匀速运动时，b棒恰好静止，请判断a棒的运动方向，并说明理由；
（2）在第（1）问中，a棒匀速运动时所需竖直方向的外力F的大小和方向。
（3）若将a棒固定，将b棒由静止释放，运动状态稳定后再闭合电键K。
请说明闭合电键后，b 棒运动的速度和加速度情况，请求出b棒的最终速度。
参考答案
二、填空题 13. a ；增大 14. -6×10-7；20 15. 20；0.25 16. 减小；E/4R 17. 上；14
三、综合题
18.（1）t/25 （2）C ；3 （3）4π2k
19.（1）10m/s 2，方向斜面向下（2）1.25m （3）9m/s 20.（1）向上运动 （2）
5
2mg ，方向竖直向上 （3）22
038mgR
B L。