环境工程专业英语unit1 华南理工大学钟理
环境工程专业英语-01课件PPT
第一节 专业英语的特点
• 1.1词汇上的特点
• 5. 前后缀出现频率高
• （11）其他意思的前缀：
• en-(使), re-(重新，再), sub-(亚，次于), mis-(错， 误), auto-(自动), inter-(相互), self-(自己), tele(电，遥控), hydro-(水), thermo-()热, photo(光), electro-(电),
• 副词-动词：up向上-up(提高)
• 动词-名词：stand-stand（支架）
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第一节 专业英语的特点
• 1.1词汇上的特点
• 5. 前后缀出现频率高
• （1）英语构词方法: 合成法\转化法\派生法 • 转化法：直接由一种词类转化为另一种词类。 • 重音位置的变换引起词性的转化： • com’bine联合-’combine联合收割机 • in’crease增加-’increase增加 • pro’duce生产-’produce产品
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第一节 专业英语的特点
• 1.1词汇上的特点
• 5. 前后缀出现频率高
• （1）英语构词方法: 合成法\转化法\派生法
• 转化法：直接由一种词类转化为另一种词类。
• 抽象名词-动词：form(形式)-form（形成）
• 物品名词-动词：machine-machine(加工)
• 形容词-动词：clean-clean（使…干净）
环境工程专业英语
谢忠雷 13944883685 xiezl@
1
第一节 专业英语的特点（The Specialty English characteristic）
• 1.1 词汇上的特点 • 1. 专业词汇出现的频率低 • 专业英语在用词方面，除了专业术语和
环境工程专业英语第一章 unit1 2
The production of more and better quality food 越来越丰富、越来越好吃的食品 The creation of housing as protection from extremes from climates and as living space 创造了可以保护我们免受极端气候并作为生活空间的房子 The building of fast and reliable means of transportation 方便快捷的交通运输系统 The invention of various systems of communication 各类通讯系统的发明 The invention of machines to replace human or animal power
• 系统：根据韦氏字典的定义，就是“一系列有联系或有关系的事物形 成的一个有机整体或一个单元”，像太阳系、灌溉系统、供应系统、 世界或宇宙。
Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect
在理解和控制在人类活动和自然界复杂的相互作用上所需的科学知识的巨大
差异 Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the
application of current technology, but which are not dealt with because of
unit1
date 30/10 6/11Fra bibliotek13/11 20/11 27/11 4/12 18/12 25/12
week 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17
contents Part 3, unit 15 water treatment process Part 3, unit 16, biological wastewater treatment
Quantitative Environmental Science
Science or, perhaps more correctly, the scientific method, deals with data, that is, with recorded observations. The data are，of course, a sample of the universe of possibilities. They may be representative or they may be skewed. 科学 ,或者，也许更正确，科学的方法，是对那 些观察记录到的数据进行处理。而数据，当然， 是宇宙的可能性的一个样本。他们可以是代表性 的，它们也可以走样。
环境工程专业英语翻译(1)
环境工程专业英语翻译(1)Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able to quantify them 理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complex interactions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，but which are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
《环境工程专业英语》课程教学大纲
《环境工程专业英语》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程代码：260445课程名称：专业英语英文名称：English on Environmental Engineering课程类别：专业选修课学时：36（讲授36学时）学分：2.0适用对象:环境工程、环境科学考核方式：考试，期评成绩中考试成绩占70%，平时成绩为30%。
先修课程：水污染控制工程、环境保护概论、环境监测二、课程简介中文简介当前，我国对环境保护工作日益重视，可持续发展的政策逐步深入人心，国家对环保投资力度不断加大，带动了环保产业和相关空间发展。
随着国内与国外的沟通交流，需要系统地了解国外环境工程方面的发展状况，为后期的毕业论文的选题、开展、撰写论文打下基础。
环境工程专业英语是高等学校环境工程专业的一门选修专业课，通过这门课程的学习，提供一个机会，较全面地了解环境工程学科的内容，发展趋势;另一方面督促学生在英文写作时尽可能地模仿和参考，对学生后面毕业论文的撰写打下基础。
课程分为4部分，先介绍我国环境保护政策与发展道路，国外特别是美国的环境保护政策和法律法规，第二部分是主要的环境问题，如酸雨等，第三部分是水、大气、固体废物、噪声污染的处理工艺与技术，最后一部分是英语科技论文的撰写，重点是英文文摘的撰写。
Brief introduction in EnglishAt present, our country increasingly attaches importance to the environmental protection with the policy of sustainable development gradually striking root in the hearts of the people. The country’s increasing investment on the environmental protection promotes the unprecedented development of the communication with inside and outside country, we are anxious for rather systemic English study. It is help for teaching and research-guiding of the undergraduates and postgraduates.English on environmental engineering is the specialty elective for the environmental engineering students. The main aim of the course is the to know the situation of environmental engineering field. On the other hand , the student must confer and imitate when writing.English on Environmental Engineering consists of four parts. The first part introduces the essential content of the environmental science and engineering; the environmental protection policies and development in China; the environmental protection policies and laws in other counties, especially in the United States. The second part enumerates some principal environmental problems the human beings are facing, including air pollution,water pollution ,sharp fall of forests and extinction of wildlife. The third part of this course select some techniques and technology of the disposal of contamination. The last part is about the writing article in English, especially the abstract in English.三、课程性质与教学目的环境工程专业英语是高等学校环境工程专业的一门选修专业课.通过这门课程的学习，提供一个机会,使学生较全面地了解环境工程学科的内容和发展趋势;另一方面督促学生在英文写作时尽可能地模仿和参考，对学生后面毕业论文的撰写打下基础。
环境工程专业英语翻译
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able to quantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complex interactions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，but which are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境工程专业英语(钟理编)英语全文
Unit 13Text: Water Treatment ProcessesOne of the great achievements of modern technology has been to drastically reduce the incidence of waterborne of diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever. These diseases are no longer the great risks to pubic health that they once were. The key to this advance was the recognition that contamination of pubic water supplies by human wastes was the main source ci infection, and that it could be eliminated by more effective water treatment and better waste disposal.Tod ay’s water treatment plants are designed to provide water continuously that meets drinking water standards at the tap. There are four main considerations involved in accomplishing this1 source selection, protection of water quality, treatment methods to be used, and prevention of recontamination. Common precautions to prevent groundwater and surface water pollution include prohibiting the discharge of sanitary and storm sewers close to the water reservoir, installing fences to prevent pollution from recreational uses of water, and restrictions on the application of fertilizers and pesticides in areas that drain to the reservoir.Screening, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration. and disinfection are the main unit operations involved in the treatment of surface water. Water treatment operationa fulfill one or more of three key tasks1 removal of particulate substances such aa sand and clay, organic matter, bacteria, and algae; removal of dissolved substances such as those causing color and hardness; and removal or destruction of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The actual selection of treatment processes depends on the type of water source and the desired water quality.Occasionally, raw water with low turbidity can be treated by plain sedimentation (no chemicals) to remove larger particles and then filtration to remove the few particles that failed to settle out. Usually, however, particles in the raw water are too small to be removed in a reasonably short time through sedimentation and simple filtration alone. To remedy this, a chemical is added to coagulate/flocculate the small particles, called colloids, into large ones, which can then be settled out in sedimentation tanks or removed directly in filters.Removal of Particulate MatterThe unit operations employed for the removal of particulate matter from water include screening, sedimentation, coagulation/flocculation, and filtration.Screening to remove large solids such as logs, branches, rags, and small fish is the first stage in the treatment of water. Allowing such debris into the treatment plant could damage pumps and clog pipes and channels. For the same reasons, water intakes are located below the surface of the lake or river in order to exclude floating objects and minimize physical damage from ice.Sedimentation, the oldest and moat widely used form of water and wastewater treatment, uses gravity settling to remove particles from water. It is relatively simple and inexpensive and can be implemented in basins that are round, square, or rectangular. As noted earlier, sedimentation may follow coagulation and flocculation (for highly turbid water) or be omitted entirely (with moderately turbid water) .Particulates suspended in surface water can range in size from 10-1 to 10-7mm in diameter, the size of fine sand and small clay particles, respectively. Turbidity or cloudiness in water is caused by those particles larger than 10 mm, while particles smaller than 10 mm contribute to the color and taste.Coagulation/flocculation is a chemical-physical procedure whereby particles too small for practical removal by plain sedimentation are destabilized sod clustered together for faster settling©. A significant percentage of particulates suspended in water are so small that settling to the bottom of a tank would take days or weeks. These colloidal particles would never settle by plain sedimentation.Coagulation is s chemical process used to destabilize colloidal particles. The exact mechanism is not well understood, but the general ides is to add a chemical which has positively charged colloids to water containing negatively charged colloids. This will neutralize the negative change on the colloids and thus reduce the tendency for the colloids to repel each other. Rapid mixing for a few seconds is required to disperse the coagulant. Gentle mixing, called flocculation, of the suspension is then undertaken to promote particle contact. This is achieved by mechanical mixing through the use of slowly rotating paddles inside the coagulation/flocculation tank, or by hydraulic mixing which occurs when flow is directed over and around baffles in the tank. Detention time in the coagulation/flocculation tank is usually between 20—40 minutes in tanks 3—4m deep. Through the combined chemical/physical process of coagulation/flocculation, the colloidal particles which would not settle out by plain sedimentation are agglomerated to form larger solids called floe. These appear as fluffy growths of irregular shape that are able to entrap small noncoagulaed particles when settling downward. Aluminum sulfate is the most common coagulant but organic polymers may also be used alone or in combination with alum to improve flocculation. The floe suspension is gently transferred from the coagulation/flocculation tanks to settling tanks, or directly to filters where the floes are removed.DisinfectionTo ensure that water is free of harmful bacteria it is necessary to disinfect it. Chlorination® is the most common method of disinfecting public water supplies. Sufficient quantities of chlorine from chlorine gas or hypochlorites are added to treated water to kill pathogenic bacteria. Chlorination is a reliable, relatively inexpensive, and easy disinfection method to use. Other disinfectants include chloramines, chlorine dioxide, other halogens, ozone, ultraviolet light, and high temperature. Ozonation, which has been used extensively in France, is now gaining acceptance in North America, especially as an alternative to prechlorination where natural organics are present. Although effective, ozone does not leave a lasting residual for long-term disinfection.Ozoanation is the disinfection of water by adding ozone, which is a powerful oxidant of inorganic and organic impurities. Its advantages over chlorine are that it leaves no tastes or odors, and unlike chlorine, it apparently does not react with natural organics to form compounds hazardous to humans.Removal of Dissolved SubstancesAeration is used to remove excessive amounts of iron and manganese from groundwater. These substances cause taste and color problems, interfere with laundering, stain plumbing fixtures, and promote the growth of iron bacteria in water mains. By bubbling air through water, or by creating contact between air and water by spraying, dissolved iron or manganese (Fe2+ , Mn2+) is oxidized to a less soluble form (Fe3+ , Mn4+), which precipitates out and can be removed in s settling tank or filter. Aeration also removes odors caused by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas.Softening of water is a process that removes hardness, caused by the presence of divalent metallic ions, principally Ca2+ and Mg2+. Hardness in water is the result of contact with soil and rock, particularly limestone, in the presence of CO2.Activated Carbon is an extremely adsorbent material used in water treatment to remove organic contaminants. Activated carbon is produced in a two-stage process. First, a suitable base material such as wood, pest, vegetable matter, or bone is carbonized by heating the material in the absence of air. Then the carbonized material is activated by heating it in the presence of air, CO2 , or steam to burn off any tars it has and to increase its pore size. Adsorption of gases, liquids, and solids by activated carbon is influenced by the temperature and pH of the water as well the complexity of the organics being removed.In reverse osmosis (RO), fresh water is forced through a semipermeable membrane in the direction opposite to that occurring in natural osmosis. Because the membrane removes dissolved salts, the main application for RO has been in desalination. However, the process also removes organic materials, bacteria, and viruses, and its application in water treatment is growing.。
（完整版）（整理）环境工程专业英语翻译（中英对照）
（完整版）（整理）环境工程专业英语翻译（中英对照）Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，but which are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
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➢ 定量环境科学 ➢ 科学,或者更准确的说,科学的方法, 数据处理,也就是,观察记录。 ➢ The data is, of course, a sample of the universe（经验领域）of possibilities. They
Modern environmental science has also found applications to the built environment or, perhaps more correctly, to the effusions [ɪf'ju:ʒns] from the built environment.
➢ 现代环境科学还建立了相应的建设环境应用,或者更准确的说,来应对建筑环 境的排污。
➢ Quantitative Environmental Science ➢ Science or, perhaps more correctly, the scientific method, deals with data, that
➢ 我们用来区分社会科学和自然科学的是，前者从事研究人作为家庭、部落、 社区,种族,和国家如何生活在一起的,后者从事自然和物理世界的研究。
➢ Natural science includes such diverse disciplines as biology, chemistry, geology, physics, and environmental science.
环境工程专业英语
Professional English for environmental engineering Foshan UniversityNTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Unit 1 Text: What are Environmental Science and Engineering?
may be representative or they may be skewed. ➢ 当然，数据是经验领域中样品的可能性。它们可有代表性的，也可能使被曲
解的。
➢ Even if they are representative，they will contain some random random [ˈrændəm] variation that cannot be explained with current knowledge.
➢ 环境科学 ➢ 而生物学、化学和物理的学科 (及其分支学科的微生物学,有机化学,核物理,
等等)的重点是自然科学的一个特定方面,环境科学在其广义上包括所有的自 然科学领域。
➢ The historical focus of study for environmental scientists has been, of course, the natural environment.
➢ 历来环境科学家研究的焦点，理所应当是自然环境。
➢ By this, we mean the atmosphere, the land, the water and their inhabitants as differentiated from the built environment.
➢ 因此,我们指的是大气,土壤,水和居住环境，这些不同于建设的环境。
➢ 即使他们是具有代表性的，它们也含有不能用现有的知识来解释某些随机变 化。
➢ Care and impartiality in gathering and recording data, as well as independent verification（ [ˌverɪfɪ‘keɪʃn] ，核实）, are the cornerstones of science
➢ 自然科学 ➢ 在最广泛的意义上,科学是系统化的知识，来源于并且实践于对问题的认识和
构想, 以及通过观察和实验的数据的收集。
Unit 1 Text: What are Environmental Science and Engineering?
环境科学与工程是什么？
➢ We differentiate between social science and natural science in that the former deals with the study of people and how they live together as families, tribes, communities, races, and nations, and the latter deals with the study of nature and the physical world.
环境科学与工程是什么？
➢ Natural Science ➢ In the broadest sense, science is systematized knowledge derived from and
tested by recognition and formulation of a problem, collection of data through observation, and experimentation.
➢ 自然科学包括生物学、化学、地质学、物理学和环境科学等不同的学科。
Environmental Science Whereas the disciplines of biology, chemistry, and physics (and their subdisciplines of microbiology, organic chemistry, nuclear physics, etc.) are focused on a particular aspect of natural science, environmental science in its broadest sense encompasses all the fields of natural science.