2013年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören ein Interview über die Untersuchung von Herrn Levermann in Bezug auf den Klimawandel. Entscheiden Sie beim Hören, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch) (2P×10=20P)Sie hören das Interview jetzt ein zweites Mal. Überprüfen Sie dabei Ihre Antworten.【答案与解析】1.R 录音中提到“Wir kön nen mittlerweile einfach keine Zweifel mehr haben. DerMensch ist einfach die Ursache dieses Klimawandels.”意为:我们不需要再怀疑了,就是人类导致了气候变化,故本题正确。
2.F 录音中提到“dass wir zwischen einem halben Meter und einem MeterMeeresspiegelanstieg erwarten.”意为:预计海平面还会上升半米到一米,这是对未来海平面变化的预测,故本题“根据最新报道海平面已经上升了0.5至1米”错误。
3.F 录音中提到“...seit die Regierung der Malediven...eine Kabinettssitzung unterWasser abgehalten hat.”意为:马尔代夫政府曾在水下开会,故本题“在岛上开会”错误。
2013年德语专业四级真题及详解(B卷)【圣才出品】

2013年德语专业四级真题及详解(B卷)Ⅰ. Diktat (10%) (15 Minuten)A. Füllen Sie die Lücken aus!Sie hören den folgenden Text dreimal in normalem Tempo und füllen dann dieLücken aus.Ursula Hersperger arbeitet seit sieben Jahren für das Warenhaus Globus als frei 1) _____ Chefdesignerin. Sie war auch als 2) _____ sehr erfolgreich. Seit ihrer Zeit bei der Firma Globus hat sie 3) _____ neu definiert: nicht mehr altmodische 4) _____, sondern moderner Stil 5) _____ ihre Kollektionen (衣服新款式货样). Den größten Erfolg hatte Ursula Hersperger 6) _____ mit der Einführung der Marke Yves. 7) _____ ist sie sowohl für das Ausse hen der Kleider als auch die Produktion und Werbung für Yves 8)_____.【答案】1) schaffende2) Ladenbesitzerin3) Männermode4) Krawatten5) prägen6) bisher7) Mittlerweile8) verantwortlichB. Schreiben Sie den Text Satz für Satz auf den Antwortbogen.Sie hören den folgenden Text dreimal. Zuerst hören Sie sich den ganzen Text einmal an. Dann hören Sie sich den Text mit Satzzeichen noch einmal an. Dielängeren Sätze werden in Teilen vorgelesen. Zuletzt hören Sie den ganzen Text noch einmal.【答案】Mit der Mode der Designerin hat die Firma neue Wege beschritten undmöchte heute das Modebewusstsein der Männer auf die Probe stellen. Ursula findet es nicht ungewöhnlich, dass sie in ihrem Beruf als Designerin fürMännermode die einzige Frau ist. Alles, was für sie wirklich zählt, ist das Ergebnis ihrer Arbeit. Für Dinge außerhalb des Berufs bleibt ihr zwar nicht viel Zeit, dennoch arbeitet sie nebenbei immer noch als Journalistin für eine Modezeitschrift. Da ihre berufliche Vielseitigkeit positive Effekte für sie bringt, möchte sie bei keiner Firma angestellt sein.Ⅱ. Hörverstehen (20%) (20 Minuten)Teil 1 AlltagssituationenSie hören im Folgenden 6 Minidialoge nur einmal. Markieren Sie die Lösungen auf dem Antwortbogen.1. a. In der Tasche.b. In der Schublade.c. Auf dem Tisch.【答案】b【解析】录音中提到女士让男士看一眼钥匙在不在抽屉里,男士发现确实在。
2013年北京外国语大学215翻译硕士德语[专业硕士]真题及详解(圣才出品)
![2013年北京外国语大学215翻译硕士德语[专业硕士]真题及详解(圣才出品)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b3ac43baa76e58fafab003fd.png)
2013年北京外国语大学215翻译硕士德语[专业硕士]真题及详解I.Setzen Sie bitte die passende Lösung in den jeweiligen Satz ein.(1*20=20P)1.Herr Paulsen ist erst böse geworden,______er merkte,______du die Hausaufgaben abgeschrieben hattest.A.als...dassB.dass...obwohlC.wenn...dass【答案】C【解析】句意:当Paulsen先生知道你的作业是抄的之后才变得很生气。
wenn当……时。
2.Die Reparatur wird rund500Euro kosten.…Rund“bedeutet hier______.A.mindestensB.ungefährC.höchstensD.wahrscheinlich【答案】B【解析】句意:这次修理大约花费500欧元。
rund大约。
3.Sie war______verliebt,als sie Tobias das erste Mal sah.Aber schlieβlich war sie ______einem reichen alten Mann verheiratet.A.in ihn,mitB.mit ihm,mitC.mit ihm,zu【答案】B【解析】句意:当她第一次看到Tobias的时候和他相爱了。
但最后她和一个有钱的老男人结婚了。
mit jmdm verliebt sein和某人相爱;mit jmdm verheiratet sein和某人结婚。
4.Am Wochenende macht er______einen Ausflug oder bleibt zu Hause.A.entwederB.lieberC.sowohlD.weder【答案】A【解析】句意:周末的时候他不是去郊游就是呆在家。
专八语言学选择题及答案

专八语言学试题一1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP", the arrow can be read as __________.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. "I bought some roses" __________ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.B. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword答案:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phrase6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.()misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".()A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.()nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A专八语言学试题三1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3.The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme4.A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator5."Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing8.___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10.According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition答案1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in Chi na tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __worD.()A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.()ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitraryKey: B2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: A4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.A. intonationB. toneC. phonemeD. sentence stressKey: A8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sounD.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.A. hyponymsB. compoundsC. blendsD. allomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.A. concordB. governmentC. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotativeC. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as "______".A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourseD. idiolectKey: A17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between "dead" and "alive" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The words "encore" and "au pair " are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.a. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of languagea. native English wordsB. borrowed wordsC. echoic wordsD. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]a. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateralKey: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.a. dentalB. alveolarC. palatalD. labiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.a. affricatesB. fricativesC. bilabialD. oral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correcta. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeB. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.C. Allophones distinguish meaning.D. Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morphemea. ableB. petC. changeD. dustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word dischargeda. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes onlya. happinessB. televisionC. ecologyD. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.a. interchangeabilityB. productivityC. cultural transmissionD. arbitrarinessKey: c31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalKey: B34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. Case ParameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: A37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisitionA. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words "kowtow" and "tea " are loanwords from _______.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyKey: A44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between "animal" and "lamb" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.A. associativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: D49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey:50. The relation between "rose" and "flower" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyKey: C51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: C52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between "competence" and "performance" was made by______ .A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.A. dentalB. bilabialC. velarD. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word "internationalism" should be regarded as a ___________ .A. rootB. stemC. prefixD. suffixKey: B57. Words such as "telex" and "workfare" are created through ___________.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as "John is a student." belongs to __________construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. coordinateD. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship between "male" and "female" is _________.A. complementarityB. gradabilityC. relational oppositesD. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.A. sentenceB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. utteranceKey: B。
专业八级考试真题.doc

PART VI LISTENING COMPREHESIONSection A Mini-lectureMeaning in LiteratureIn reading literary works, we are concerned with the "meaning" of the literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue.There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature・I・ Meaning is what id in tended by _ 1 __ ・Apart from reading an author's working in question, readers need to1)read __ 2__ by the same author.2)get familiar with ___ 3 __ at the same time・3)get to know cultural values and symbols of the time・II・ Meaning exists "in" the text itself.1)some people's view: meaning is produced by the formal propertied of thetext like ___ 4 __ , etc.2)speakers view: meaning is created by both conventions of meaning and _5_・Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage・ But different time periods and different __________ 6 ___ perspectives could lead to different interpretations of meaning in context・ III. Meaning is created by ________ 7 ___ ・1)meaning is ___ 8 ___ .2)meaning is contextual.3)meaning requires _____ 9 ・---- practicing competency in reading・---- practicing other competencies.---- background research in _____ 10 ___ , etc.Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green's university days?A.She felt bored.B.She felt lonely.C.She cherished them.D.The subject was easy.2.Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employme nt?A.Doing surveys at workplace.B.Analyzing survey results.C.Designing questiorrnaires.D.Taking a psychology course.3.According to Miss Green, the main differenee between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies inA.the nature of work.B.office decora廿on.C.office loca廿on.D.work procedures.4.Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?A.She felt un happy in side the compa ny.B.She felt work there too demanding.C.She was denied promo廿on in the company.D.She Ionged for new opportunities.5.How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?A.She was willing and ready.B.She sounded mildly eager.C.She a bit surprised.D.She sounded very reluctant.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.6.The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wan ted toA.destroy the European Central Bank.B.have an interview with a TV station.C.circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D.remember the death of a US astronaut.7.Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?A.He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B.He was pilo廿ng a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C.He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.D.He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.Question is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8.The n ews is mainly about the city go ver nment's plan toA.expand and improve the existing subway system.B.build underground malls and parking lots.C.preve nt further la nd subside nee.D.promote advaneed technology.Questions are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.9.According to the news, what makes this credit card different from conventional ones isA.that it can hear the owner's voice.B.that it can remember a password.C.that it can ident:ify the owner's voice.D.that it can remember the owner's PIN.10.The newly developed credit card is said to said to have all the following EXCEPTA.switch.B.battery.C.speaker.D.built-in chip.PART I READING COMPREHENSION (30MIN)In this sec廿on there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.Text AThe University in Transforma廿on, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jenn if er Gidley, prese nts some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow's universities by writers represen廿ng both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, ques廿oning nearly every key assump廿on we have about higher educa廿on today.The most widely discussed alter native to the traditio nal campus is the In ter net University—a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world's great libraries.Yet the In ter net Un iversity poses dan gers, too. For example, a line of fran chised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed un der the bra nd n ame of a famous institutJon, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global educa廿on market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a college education in a box could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communica廿ons professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global cormectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher educa廿on, that does not mean greater uniformity in course conten t—orother dan gers—will n ecessarily follow. Cou nter-moveme nts are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contribu廿ng to this volume, are questioning the fun dame ntal missi on of un iversity educa 廿on. What if, for instan ce, in stead of receivi ng primarily tech nical trai ning and buildi ng their in dividual careers, un iversity students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on exis廿ng problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become "讦we believed that child care workers and teachers in early childhood educa廿on should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?〃Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and con due 廿ng in depe ndent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for in dividual stude nts by mixing and matching the best course offeri ngs available from in stitu 廿ons all aro und the world. A sec ond group, men tors, would function much like today's faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instruc廿ng them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley's view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charisma廿c sages and prac廿廿oners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and tech no logical solution s to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be "enrolled" in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between—or even during—sessions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduc廿on, no future is in evitable, and the very act of imagi ning and thinking through alter native possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, crea廿vely and urgently even a dominant tech no logy is adapted and applied. Eve n in academia, the future belongs to those who care eno ugh to work their visions into prac 廿cal, sustai nable reali 廿es.11.Whe n the book reviewer discusses the In ter net Un iversity,[A]he is in favor of it.[B]his view is balaneed.[C]he is slightly critical of it.[D]he is strongly critical of it.12.Which of the followi ng is NOT see n as a pote nt:ial dan ger of the In ter net Un iversity?[A]In ter net based courses may be less costly tha n traditi onal on es.[B]Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.[C]In ter net based courseware may lack variety in course content.[D]The In ter net Un iversity may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.13.Accordi ng to the review, what is the fun dame ntal missi on of traditi onal un iversity education?[A]Knowledge learning and career building.[B]Learning how to solve existing social problems.[C]Researchi ng into solutions to curre nt world problems.[D]Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.14. Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, un iversity teachersare required to con duct more in depe ndent research.are required to offer more courses to their students.are supposed to assume more demanding du廿es.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.15.Which category of writing does the review belong to?Narrati on.Descrip 廿on.Persuasi on.Exposi 廿on.Text BEvery street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometow ns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.The town had changed, but then it had n't. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as 廿ghtly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A Iandowner could build anything with no permit, no inspection, no notice to adjoining Iandowners, nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.But in the older sec廿ons, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all. The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on his bike.Most of the houses were st:ill owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new own ers kept the law ns clipped and the shutters pain ted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sun days except go to church, sit on porches, visit n eighbours, rest and relax the way God intended.It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family mee廿ng, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played Little League for the Pirates, and there was the public pool he'd swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches—Bap廿st, Methodist, and Presbyterian—facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sen tries, their steeples compe ting for height. They were empty no w,but in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services.The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small tow ns. But here the people had bee n faithful to their dow ntow n merchants, and there wasn't a single empty or boarded・up building around the square—no small miracle. Theretail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee sec廿on in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money he'd never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother's grave, somethi ng he had n't done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father's study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be give n, many decrees and di rec 廿ons, because his father (who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered.Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he'd climbed twice, the second 廿me with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he'd never visited since he'd left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before gening bouneed off the team.It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.16.From the first paragraph, we get the impression thatRay cherished his childhood memories.Ray had something urge nt to take care of.Ray may not have a happy childhood.Ray cannot remember his childhood days.17.Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray's hometown?[A]Lifeless.[B]Religious.[C]Traditional.[D]Quiet.28.From the passage we can in fer that the rela 廿on ship betwee n Ray and his pare nts was[A]close.[B]remote.[C]tense.[D]impossible to tell.19.It can be inferred from the passage that Ray's father was all EXCEPT[A]con siderate.[B]punctual.[C]thrifty.[D]dominant.Text CCampaigning on the Indian frontier is an experienee by itself. Neither the Iandscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these seenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose quali廿es seem to harmonize with their environment.Except at harvest 廿me, when self-preservat:ion requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war.Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defenee.Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combi nations of tribes all have their acco unts to settle with one ano ther. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the conversion about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse popula廿on.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an un mitigated nuisan ce. The convenience of the rifle was no where more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan-----which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one s own house and fire at one's neighbor nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of scienee. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial in flue nee throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Patha n tribesmen en tertai ned for Chris tian civiliza tion was vastly enhan ced.The ac 廿on of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsat:isfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair),but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the "butcher and bolt policy" to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.20. The word debts in 〃 very few debts are left unpaid" in the first paragraph means loans.accou nts. killings, bargai ns.21. Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian fron 廿 er?[A] Melting snows.[B] Large popula 廿on.[C] Steep hillsides.[D] Fertile valleys.According to the passage, the Patna ns welcomed the introduction of the rifle.the spread of British rule.the extension of luxuries.the spread of trade.-----Building roads by the Britishput an end to a whole series of quarrels, prevented the Pathans from carrying on feuds, lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans. gave the Pathans a much quieter life.24. A suitable title for the passage would beCampaigning on the Indian Fron廿er.Why the Pathans Resented the British Rule. The Popularity of Rifles among the Pathans. The Pathans at War.Text D"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything con secrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples—notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is s廿II lit)—had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Roma ns also collected and exhibited art from disba nded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exot:ic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by translitera廿on (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum s廿II more or less meant〃Muses- shrinetThe inspira廿onal collec廿ons of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries—which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collect:ions, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also in eluded coins and gems—ofte n ant:i que en graved on es—as well as, in creasi ngly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not "collected" either, but "site-specific" ‘and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildi ngs and of the way of life which went on in side them—a nd most of the buildings were public ones.However,during the revival of ant:iquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any con temporary, so that displays of an 廿quities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses- shrines in the former sen se. The Medici garde n n ear San Marco in Flore nee, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early "inspirational" collec廿ons. Soon they multi plied, and, gradually, exemplary "moder works were also added to such----------galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutJons and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kun sthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decli ne of craftsma nship (and of public taste with it) in spired the crea tion of "improving" collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.The sentence Museum is a slippery word in the first paragraph means that the meaning of the word didn't change until after the 15th century.the meaning of the word had changed over the years.the Greeks held differe nt con cepts from the Roma ns.princes and merchants added paintings to their collections. 26. The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from the Roma ns.Flore nee.Olympia.Greek.27. ...the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined in the third paragraph means there was a great dema nd for fakers, fakers grew rapidly in number. fakers became more skillful. fakers became more polite. Pain 廿ngs and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were collected from elsewhere. made part of the buildings.donated by people.bought by churches.29. Modern museums came into existenee in order to [A] protect royal and church treasures. [B] improve existing collections.[C] s 廿mulate public interest.[D] raise more fun ds.30. Which is the main idea of the passage?Collection and collectors.The evolu 廿on of museums. a----Modern museums and their func廿ons.The birth of museums.Part IIGENARAL KNOWLEDGEThere are ten multi pie-choice ques tions in this sec tion. Choose the best an swer to each ques廿on. Mark your answer on your coloured answer sheet.31.The Preside nt duri ng the America Civil War wasA.An drew Jacks onB.Abraham LincolnC.Thomas Jeffers onD.George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand isA.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The AboriginesB.The MaoriC.THE IndiansD.The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head ofA.the Shadow CabinetB.the ParliamentC.the OppositionD.the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A.T.SEIiotB.DHLawreneeC.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written byA.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Eugene O'NeillD.Ernest Hemingway37.______ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion ofA.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.con text39.The words "kid, child, offspriare examples ofA.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonymsC.emotJve synonymsD.colloca廿onal synonyms40.The distinction between parole and Iangue was made byA.HallidayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.SaussurePart HI. Proofreading and Error CorrectionWe use Ianguage primarily as a means of communication withother huma n bein gs. Each of us shares with the comm unity in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conversions as (1) _ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular (2) ____________________ message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and a (3) _________set of grammat:ical rules which enables him to communicate his (4) ________thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English (5) _________ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses ac廿ve- [y and that which he recog nises, in creases ill size as he growsold as a result of educa廿on and experienee. (6) ____But, whether the Ianguage store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another (7) _________member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice' two most (8) __________comm on forms of tra nsmissi on-by means of sou nds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (wri廿ng). And these are (9) _______among most striking of human achievements. (10) ____Part IV TraslationTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many mon ths of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our poliy.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
德语专业八级核心词汇全突破(N)【圣才出品】

Nnach Präp. +D <表示方向>向,到;在……之后;以后【例句】Ich bin nach Deutschland gefahren.我去了德国。
Nach dem Film gehen wir noch ein Bier trinken. 看完电影后我们还得喝杯啤酒。
【搭配】nach und nach渐渐地nach wie vor始终nach außen向外nachahmen Vt. 模仿【例句】Er mag einen Sänger nachahmen.他喜欢模仿一位歌手。
【联想】nachahmenswert Adj. 值得模仿的Nachahmer m. 模仿者Nachahmung f. 模仿,伪造Nachbar der, -n 邻居,邻座【例句】Er bekommt einen neuen Nachbar.他有了新邻居。
Wir verstehen uns gut mit unseren Nachbarn.我们同我们的邻居相处很好。
【联想】Nachbarin, -nen f.女邻居Nachbarland das, ..-er 邻国【例句】Deutschland hat viele Nachbarländer.德国毗邻许多国家。
【联想】Nachbardorf, ..-er n.邻村Nachbartisch, -e m.邻桌Nachbarzimmer, - n.隔壁房间Nachbarschaft die,-en 邻居;邻里关系【例句】Die ganze Nachbarschaft spricht darüber.邻里都在议论这件事。
Wir halten gute Nachbarschaft.我们保持好的邻居关系。
nachdem Konj. 在……之后【例句】Nachdem er gegessen hatte, schaute er noch ein wenig fern.他吃完饭之后,还看了一会儿电视。
2012-2014年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2012年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören ein Interview mit der Bundesbildungsministerin Annette Schavan über das Bunde sausbildungsförderungsgesetz (BAföG). Sie hören dieses Interview insgesamt zweimal. Entscheiden Sie, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch) (2P×10=20P)【答案与解析】1.F 录音中提到“Sie bekommen noch immer nicht das Geld, um ihreLebenshaltungskosten abzudecken”意为:他们仍然没有钱支付生活费,BAföG 的作用是助学金,但并非是为了满足学生的一切需求,故本题错误。
2.R 录音中提到“BAföG ist gerade im Laufe der letzten Jahre mehrfach erhöhtworden”意为:BAföG在过去几年提高了很多”,故本题正确。
3.F 录音中提到“Die Ausgaben sind allein in den letzten sechs Jahren um 26Prozent gestiegen.”即是6年,不是16年,故本题错误。
4.R 录音中提到“Jeder zahlt auch selbst zu seinem Studium. Bildung ist etwaswert...”意为:每个人都要为教育付费,教育是有价值的,故本题“Schavan女士认为BAföG不必足够用于支付学生的所有生活费用”正确。
德语专八德国经济类真题汇总

德语专八德国经济类真题汇总1. Die Schweiz benutzt eine andere W?hrung als Euro als Zahlungsmittel.用瑞郎2. Durch die W?hrungsreform im Jahr 1948 wurde die Zigarettenw?hrungabgel?st und durch eine neue stabile W?hrung ,die Deutsche Mark,ersetzt.通过1948年的货币改革,香烟货币被一种新的稳定的货币——德国马克所代替3. Eine Voraussetzung des deutschen Wirtschaftswunders war dieW?hrungreform i m Jahr 1948.4. Die letzte W?hrung in Dl vor der Euro-Einführug hie? Deutsche Mark.5. Alle L?nder,die den Euro als gesetzliche W?hrung benutzen,geh?ren derEU an.(错)比如梵蒂冈就不是欧盟6. Seit dem 1. Januar 2002 gilt der Euro als das neue Zahlungsmittel inallen EU-Staten.(错)并不是所有欧盟国家:英国、丹麦就不是7. Die ehemaligen W?hrungseinheiten in Dl vor der Euro-Einfüh rug hie?Deutsche Mark und Pfennig欧元引入之前德国以前的货币单位叫做马克和芬尼8. Wer hat sich für die Einführung der einheitlichen W?hrung,,Euro’’eingesetzt ?-Helmut Kohl (2002。
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2013年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören ein Interview über die Untersuchung von Herrn Mentzel in Bezug auf die Alltagslüge. Entscheiden Sie beim Hören, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F =Falsch) (2P×10=20P)Sie hören das Interview jetzt ein zweites Mal. Überprüfen Sie dabei Ihre Antworten.【答案与解析】1.F 录音中提到“Männer lügen öfter als Frauen.”意为:男性比女性更经常撒谎,故本题错误。
2.F 录音中提到“Zum Beispiel haben Frauen heute kaum noch Probleme damit, ihrwirkliches Alter zu nennen”意为:现在的女性并不介意说出自己的真实年龄,故本题错误。
3.R 录音中提到“...Wunschvorstellungen, was den künftigen Beruf anbetrifft,gehören zu den häufigsten Selbstlügen jüngerer Frauen”意为:对未来职业的一厢情愿是年轻女性最常见的自我欺骗之一,故本题“年轻女性会欺骗自己来逃避现实”正确。
4.F 录音中提到“Nur ein Viertel aller Ehefrauen, die von ihren Männernnachweislich betrogen wurden, geben die Untreue ihrer Gatten zu”意为:只有四分之一的结婚女性会承认丈夫的不忠,故本题错误。
5.F 录音中提到“...die drei wichtigsten Lügen der Männer sind: IhreKörpergröße...das Auto...und die Frauen”意为:男性最经常撒的三种谎是体重、汽车和女人,并没有谈到薪水(Gehalt),故本题错误。
6.F 录音中提到“Das spielt bei Frauen kaum eine Rolle...”意为:车对女性并没有象征意义,故本题错误。
7.R 录音中提到“Man schiebt Fehler auf andere ab, auf Gott und die Welt, vor allenDingen aber auf die Kollegen.”意为:人们把错误放在别人身上,放在上帝和世界上,但最主要的是放在同事身上,故本题“工作中无论男女都将自己的错误归于其他同事”正确。
8.F 录音中提到“Sehr häufig wird auf die Frage nach den beliebstenFreizeitbeschäftigungen... Das ist meistens gelogen.”意为:最受欢迎的休闲活动这个问题常常被提出……那基本上是个谎言,故本题错误。
9.R 录音中提到“...Die wahre Antwort müsste heißen: Fernsehen”意为:真实的回答肯定是看电视,故本题“看电视时最受欢迎的业余消遣活动”正确。
10.R 录音中提到“In kaum einem anderen Bereich wird so viel gelogen wie in derFamilie”意为:几乎没有其它地方比家庭撒谎更多了,故本题“家庭中说谎最多”正确。
【录音原文】Interview: Die Alltagslüge (etwa 860 Wörter)(Iv.: Interviewerin, M.: Herr Mentzel)Iv.: Herr Mentzel, Sie haben die Einstellung der Deutschen und Österreicher gegenüber der Lüge untersucht. Eine Zeitung hat nun die Ergebnisse Ihrer Untersuchung unter der Schlagzeile veröffentlicht: ,,Männer lügen öfter als Frauen“. Lügen Sie denn öfter als Ihre Frau?M.: (lacht): Wahrscheinlich muss ich lügen, um diese Frage zu beantworten... Aber im Ernst: Wir haben festgestellt, dass Frauen im Allgemeinen eine bessere Beziehung zur Wirklichkeit haben als Männer—und deshalb greifen Sie seltener zu lügen.Iv.: Haben Sie dafür eine Erklärung?M.: Ja, ich denke, das hängt damit zusammen, dass viel mehr Frauen als früher berufstätig sind und sich ihre familiäre und gesellschaftliche Position doch gestärkthat, also damit auch ihr Bezug zur Wirklichkeit. Zum Beispiel haben Frauen heute kaum noch Probleme damit, ihr wirkliches Alter zu nennen. Vor ein oder zwei Generationen wäre dieses offene Bekenntnis zum Alter, also dass man sagt, ich bin 38, und nicht dieser Frage ausweicht oder sich jünger macht, das wäre früher noch undenkbar gewesen.Iv.: Gibt e s denn auch Bereiche, wo wir Frauen lügen?M.: Natürlich. Vor allen Dingen die jüngeren. Wunschvorstellungen, was den künftigen Beruf anbetrifft, gehören zu den häufigsten Selbstlügen jüngerer Frauen. Iv.: Was versteht der Mentiologe unter Selbstlügen?M.: Also Selbstlügen, dabei machen sich die Menschen selbst etwas vor, lügen sich selbst an. Man kann sagen, sie blenden die Realität aus und setzen an ihre Stelle ein Wunschdenken. So sind fast zwei Drittel aller Studentinnen davon überzeugt, dass sie nach ihrem Uniabschluss leicht einen Job kriegen und Karriere machen. Eigentlich müssten sie wissen, dass das wahrscheinlich ein Wunsch bleiben wird. Aber wir haben auch, um auf unsere Untersuchungen zurückzukommen, bei Frauen herausgefunden, dass verheiratete F rauen lügen, in Bezug auf die Treue ihrer Männer. Nur ein Viertel aller Ehefrauen, die von ihren Männern nachweislich betrogen wurden, geben die Untreue ihrer Gatten zu.Iv.: Ist das denn nicht verständlich, dass die betrogenen Frauen das verschweigen? Das ist ja nun eine sehr private Sache.M.: Ich will an dieser Stelle mal grundsätzlich betonen, dass ich nicht ein bestimmtes Verhalten bewerten möchte. Ich sage nicht, dass diese Personen lügen,und das ist moralisch schlecht. Hier geht es nicht um Wertungen, sondern um Tatsachen, und die Tatsachen sind so, dass entgegen allen gesellschaftlichen Normen und Moralpostulaten gelogen wird, dass sich die Balken biegen.Iv.: Wie sieht es denn mit den Lügen bei den Männern aus?M.: Also, die drei wichtigsten Lügen der Männer sind: Ihre Körpergröße –kaum einer will unter 1,80 Meter sein—, das Auto—das Auto bringt man nur in die Autowerkstatt, weil man keine Zeit hat, es selbst zu reparieren, und die Frauen (,,Gut siehst du aus!“). Diese drei Lügengebiete zeigen die Schwächen heutiger Männer: Sie haben eine schlechte Beziehung zum eigenen Körper. Sie unterliegen dem Irrtum, dass das Physische extrem wichtig ist...Iv.: Spielt das bei Frauen keine Rolle?M.: Erstaunlicherweise nicht so stark wie bei Männern. Größer sind natürlich die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede in Bezug auf das Auto. Das spielt bei Frauen kaum eine Rolle, hier gibt es keinen Grund zu lügen. Anders bei den Männern. Das Auto ist das Pferd des heutigen Ritters und Cowboys, es symbolisiert Kraft, Dynamik, Schnelligkeit, und es steht für sine gesellschaftliche Position. Der dritte Bereich: dass Männer Frauen anlügen, ihr schmeicheln, übertreiben bei Komplimenten, etwas Positives sagen, was sie gar nicht von der betreffenden Frau denken oder die eigenen Fähigkeiten übertrieben...Iv.: Also das, was man gemeinhin unter Angeben und Prahlen versteht...M.: Ja, dies hängt alles damit zusammen, dass Männer häufig eine angstvolle Beziehung zu Frauen haben. Sie können Frauen schlecht einschätzen und lügen ausAngst davor, dass Frauen ihre Schwächen erkennen.Iv.: In welchen Bereich wird denn noch besonders häufig gelogen?M.: Natürlich in der Arbeitswelt—und hier konnten wir kaum einen Unterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern fe ststellen. Die häufigste Lüge am Arbeitsplatz betrifft die kleineren und größeren Fehler in Büros und Betrieben. Es ist kaum jemand bereit, sich zu seinen eigenen Fehlern zu bekennen. Man schiebt Fehler auf andere ab, auf Gott und die Welt, vor allen Dinge n aber auf die Kollegen. Die müssen für die eigenen Fehler herhalten.Iv.: Ja, Sie haben ja auch herausgefunden, dass immer mehr Deutsche und Österreicher lügen, wenn sie von ihrer Freizeit erzählen. Betrifft das jetzt Urlaubsbekanntschaften und Urlaubsaffären, die man vor allem Partner verheimlichen will?M.: Ja auch, aber bedingt durch die ständige Zunahme der Freizeit –entweder gewollt durch Arbeitszeitverkürzungen oder ungewollt durch Arbeitslosigkeit, weil die Menschen immer mehr Freizeit haben, hat d ie Lüge auch diesen Bereich erobert. Zum Beispiel Fernsehen: Sehr häufig wird auf die Frage nach den beliebtesten Freizeitbeschäftigungen an erster Stelle …Sport“ genannt. Das ist meistens gelogen. Die wahre Antwort müsste heißen: Fernsehen!Iv.: Und das stimmt Ihrer Meinung nach nicht?M.: Das sind meistens Ausreden. Die Wahrheit, die verschwiegen wird, ist, dass die Menschen nicht die Kraft und Fantasie haben, etwas anderes zu machen, etwas anderes als passiv Fernsehen zu konsumieren, mit der Familie, mit den eigenen。