2014北京市朝阳区高考理综一模试题(附答案)
2014朝阳一模 北京市朝阳区2014届高三第一次综合练习 理科4份(语数英理综)

北京市朝阳区高三年级第一次综合练习语文试卷2014.3(考试时间l50分钟满分l50分)本试卷共6页。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,请交回答题卡。
一、本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分。
阅读下面文字,完成1~3题。
北京城是大气的。
这种大气首先体现在建筑上,不要说偌.大的一个紫禁城只住皇帝“一家人”,便是最不起眼的四合院,也是疏落有致,颇多空间的。
北京城的大气更体现在文化上,北京从来就是汉胡①,五方杂处.的地方,三教九流,五行八作,都在这里出入、汇集和发展,各种文化都在这里交流、碰撞和融合。
一个外地人,只要他到了北京,保准不会感到别扭;如果他还很随和,会说几句普通话,那么,用不了几天,他几乎就会觉得自己是个北京人了。
这就是北京:古老而又新鲜,博大而又精深,高远而又亲切,迷人而又难解。
它是单纯的,单纯得你一眼就能认出这就是北京;它又是多彩的,多彩得你永远无法一言以蔽之。
而无论久远深厚的历史也好,生机勃发的现实也好;豪雄甲的王气也好,醇厚平和的民风也好,只要你一走进北京,它们都会向你扑面而来,让你②。
你可能会惊异于现代都会的日新月异,也可能会流连于千年古都的乙深沉;可能会丙于文化名邑的清雅幽远,也可能会迷恋于民众舞台的柳暗花明。
所有这些,都会使一个初进北京的人感到无比的神奇,它会使你心旌摇荡,神志痴迷,不知所以。
可以这么说,任何试图读懂北京的人,一开始,都会有一种不得其门而入的感觉。
(取材于易中天《读城记》,有删改) 1.文中加点字的读音和填入①②处的词语的字形全都正确的一组是A.偌.(nuò)大杂揉五方杂处.(chǔ) 目不瑕接B.偌.(ruò)大杂糅五方杂处.(chǔ) 目不暇接C.偌.(nuò)大杂揉五方杂处.(chù)) 目不暇接D.偌.(ruò)大杂糅五方杂处.(chù) 目不瑕接2.依次填入文中甲、乙、丙处的词语,最恰当的一组是A.浩荡深厚沉湎B.浩瀚雄厚沉湎C.浩荡雄厚沉醉D.浩瀚深厚沉醉3.文中黑体字成语运用不恰当...的一项是A.一言以蔽之B.生机勃发C.柳暗花明D.不知所以4.下列四副对联中,最适宜用来迎接友人来访的一项是A.珠联璧合乾坤定,花好月圆鸾凤鸣。
2014年高考北京理综带解析

掌门1对1教育 高中物理2014北京高考物理卷一.选择题13.下列说法中正确的是A .物体温度降低,其分子热运动的平均动能增大B .物体温度升高,其分子热运动的平均动能增大C .物体温度降低,其内能一定增大D .物体温度不变,其内能一定不变【答案】B试题分析:物体温度是分子平均动能的标志,温度高分子平均动能大,但学科网内能不一定大,故B 正确,A.C.D 错误14.质子、中子和氘核的质量分别为m 1、m 2和m 3.当学科网一个质子和一个中子结合成氘核时,释放的能量是(c 表示真空中的光速) A . B. C . D .【答案】C试题分析:根据质能方程知C 正确。
15.如图所示,实线表示某静电场的电场线,虚线表示该电场的等势面。
下列判断正确的是 A .1、2两点的场强相等 B .1、3两点的场强相等 C .1、2两点的电势相等 D .2、3两点的电势相等学科网【答案】试题分析:电场线的疏密程度表示场强的大小,AB 错误;等势线上各点的电势相等,C 错误,D 正123确16.带电粒子a、b在同一匀强磁场中做匀速圆周运动,他们的动量大小相等,a运动的半径大于b运动的半径。
若a、b的电荷量分别为q a、q b,质量分别为m a、m b,周期分别为T a、T b。
则一定有A.B.C.D.【答案】A试题分析:根据洛伦兹力提供向心力可以得到离子的运动半径为mvRBq,离子的动量相等,且在同一个磁场中,a运动的半径大于b运学科网动的半径,所以a的电量小于b的电量,A正确,BCD 错误17.一简谐机械横波沿X轴正方向传播,波长为,周期为T,时刻的波形如图1所示,a、b是波上的两个质点。
图2是波上某一质点的振动图像。
下列说法正确的是A.时质点a的速度比质点b的大B.时质点a的加速度比质点b的小C.图2可以表示质点a的振动D.图2可以表示质点b的振动【答案】D试题分析:质点在震动的过学科网程中在平衡位置处的震动速度是最大的,所以在零时刻a 的速度小于b 的速度,A 错误,而质点偏离平衡位置越远加速度越大,a 的加速度大于b 的加速度,B 错误;在零时刻,b 在平衡位置且向下震动,D 正确,C 错误。
14-2014朝阳一模2

北京市朝阳区高三年级第一次综合练习理科综合物理试卷2014.3 (2014朝阳一模,13.)关于α、β、γ三种射线,下列说法正确的是(B)A.α射线是一种波长很短的电磁波B.γ射线是一种波长很短的电磁波C.β射线的电离能力最强D.γ射线的电离能力最强(2014朝阳一模,14.)一束单色光由玻璃斜射向空气,下列说法正确的是(A)A.波长一定变长B.频率一定变小C.传播速度一定变小D.一定发生全反射现象(2014朝阳一模,15.)一正弦交变电流的电压随时间变化的规律如图所示。
由图可知该交变电流(B)A.周期为0.125sB.电压的有效值为C.电压的最大值为VD.电压瞬时值的表达式为u tπ=(V)(2014朝阳一模,16.)如图所示,A、B两物块的质量分别为m和M,把它们靠在一起从光滑斜面的顶端由静止开始下滑。
已知斜面的倾角为θ,斜面始终保持静止。
则在此过程中物块B对物块A的压力为(C)A.Mg sinθB.Mg cosθC.0 D.(M+m)g sinθ(2014朝阳一模,17.)图1为一列简谐横波在t=0时的波形图,P是平衡位置在x=1cm处的质元,Q是平衡位置在x=4cm处的质元。
图2为质元Q的振动图像。
则(C)A.t=0.3s时,质元Q的加速度达到正向最大B.波的传播速度为20m/sC.波的传播方向沿x轴负方向D.t=0.7s时,质元P的运动方向沿y轴负方向(2014朝阳一模,18.)如图所示,真空中有A、B两个等量异种点电荷,O、M、N是AB连线的垂线上的三个点,且AO>OB。
一个带负电的检验电荷仅在电场力的作用下,从M点运动到N点,其轨迹如图中实线所示。
若M、N两点的电势分别为φM和φN,检验电荷通过M、N两点的动能分别为E k M和E k N,则(B)A.φM=φN,E k M=E k N B.φM<φN,E k M<E k NC.φM<φN,E k M>E k N D.φM>φN,E k M>E k N(2014朝阳一模,19.)某同学利用如图所示的电路描绘小灯泡的伏安特性曲线。
北京市朝阳区重点中学2014年春学期高三年级一模理综试卷(有答案)

北京市朝阳区重点中学2014年春学期高三年级一模考试理综试卷,有答案本试卷共300分,考试时长150分钟。
以下数据可供解题时参考:可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 O 16第一部分(选择题共120分)本部分共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。
1. 下列有关真核细胞的叙述中,正确的是A. 核糖体是蛋白质的“装配机器”,由蛋白质和mRNA组成B. 醋酸洋红进入细胞使染色体着色,体现了膜的选择透过性C. 衰老细胞内染色质的收缩会影响遗传信息的表达D. 原癌基因和抑癌基因的表达会导致正常细胞发生癌变2. 在细胞和生物体的生命活动中,不.可能发生的是A. DNA→RNA→氨基酸B. 内质网膜→囊泡膜→高尔基体膜C. 性激素→下丘脑,性激素→垂体D. 生长素→果实发育,生长素→发芽3. 用3H标记蚕豆根尖分生区细胞的DNA分子双链,再将这些细胞转入含秋水仙素但不含3H的普通培养基中培养。
若秋水仙素对细胞连续发挥作用,则相关叙述不.正确的是A. 秋水仙素可抑制纺锤体的形成,但不影响着丝点的正常分裂B. 通过对细胞中不含单体时的染色体计数,可推测DNA复制的次数C. 通过检测DNA链上3H标记出现的情况,可推测DNA的复制方式D. 细胞中DNA第二次复制完成时,每条染色体的单体均带有3H标记4. 下列关于生产措施或生活现象的分析,错误..的是A. 零度以上低温贮存果蔬,可降低呼吸酶活性,减少有机物的分解B. 提倡慢跑,可防止因肌细胞无氧呼吸积累乳酸而导致的酸胀乏力C. 若H7N9禽流感病毒侵入人体,机体的T细胞会合成并分泌淋巴因子D. 由于亚硝酸盐含量先减少后增加,故应在其含量增加前尽快食用泡菜5. 黄花刺茄是具有很强的耐贫瘠和耐干旱特性的草本植物,原产北美洲,我国于1981年首次发现该物种入侵,目前已在多省区有分布,对本地物种造成危害。
以下叙述正确的是A. 黄花刺茄可以增加入侵地的物种多样性,提高生态系统的生态功能B. 荒地、路边、弃耕地、过度放牧的草地,黄花刺茄可取得优势地位C. 控制黄花刺茄的方法主要有化学防治和人为铲除,化学防治最好D. 导致黄花刺茄在入侵地呈J 型疯长的主要原因是其基因发生了突变 6. 当身处贴有下列标志的环境时,行为不正确...的是7. 已知:① ②下列说法不正确...的是 A. ①和②的变化过程都会放出热量B. 氯原子吸引电子的能力强于钠原子和氢原子C. ①和②中的氯原子均得到1个电子达到8电子稳定结构D. 生成等物质的量的产物,①和②转移的电子数相同 8. 综合下图判断,下列叙述不正确...的是A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ的反应原理均是22Zn CuZn Cu +++=+B. Ⅰ、Ⅱ中均有电子转移,均是把化学能转化为电能C. 随着反应的进行,Ⅰ、Ⅱ中CuSO 4溶液颜色均渐渐变浅D. 取a 中溶液,加足量32Ba(NO )溶液,过滤后向滤液中加AgNO 3溶液,有沉淀产生 9. 下列解释事实的方程式不准确...的是 A. 氨水使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝:324NH H O NH OH +-⋅+B. 工业上用过量NaOH 溶液吸收223SO :SO OH HSO --+=C. 用烧碱溶液清洗铝表面的氧化膜:23222OH Al O 2AlO H O --+=+ D. 用石灰乳吸收泄漏的氯气:222222Ca(OH)2Cl CaCl Ca(ClO)2H O +=++10. 下列实验事实不能用...平衡移动原理解释的是11. 下图为实验室制取乙炔并验证其性质的装置图。
【2014朝阳一模】北京市朝阳区2014届高三第一次综合练习 数学理试题 Word版含答案

(第6题图)北京市朝阳区高三年级第一次综合练习数学学科测试(理工类)2014.3(考试时间120分钟 满分150分)本试卷分为选择题(共40分)和非选择题(共110分)两部分第一部分(选择题 共40分)一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项. (1)复数i(2+i)z =在复平面内对应的点位于(A )第一象限 (B )第二象限 (C )第三象限 (D )第四象限 (2)已知集合1{|(1}2xA x =<,集合{|lg 0}B x x =>,则AB =(A ){|0}x x > (B ){|1}x x > (C ) {|1}{|0}x x x x >< (D ) ∅ (3)已知平面向量a ,b 满足2==a b ,(2)()=2⋅--a +b a b ,则a 与b 的夹角为(A )6π (B ) 3π(C )32π (D ) 65π(4)如图,设区域{(,)01,01}D x y x y =≤≤≤≤,向区域D 内随机投一点,且投入到区域内任一点都是等可能的,则点落 入到阴影区域3{(,)01,0}M x y x y x =≤≤≤≤的概率为(A )14(B )13(C ) 25 (D ) 27(5)在ABC △中,π4A =,BC =“AC ”是“π3B =”的(A )充分不必要条件 (B )必要不充分条件 (C )充要条件 (D )既不充分也不必要条件 (6)执行如图所示的程序框图,输出的S 值为(A )2 (B )2- (C )4 (D )4-(7)已知函数2sin ()1xf x x =+.下列命题: ①函数()f x 的图象关于原点对称; ②函数()f x 是周期函数; ③当2x π=时,函数()f x 取最大值;④函数()f x 的图象与函数1y x=的图象没有公共点,其中正确命题的序号是(A ) ①③ (B )②③ (C ) ①④ (D )②④(8)直线y x m =+与圆2216xy +=交于不同的两点M ,N ,且3MN O M O N ≥+,其中O 是坐标原点,则实数m 的取值范围是 (A )(2,22⎡-⎣ (B )(22,4⎡--⎣(C) [2,2]- (D ) [-第二部分(非选择题 共110分)二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.把答案填在答题卡上. (9)在各项均为正数的等比数列{}n a 中,12a =,2312a a +=,则该数列的前4项和为 .(10)在极坐标系中,A 为曲线2cos ρθ=上的点,B 为曲线cos 4ρθ=上的点,则线段AB 长度的最小值是 .(11)某三棱锥的三视图如图所示,则这个三棱锥的体积为 ;表面积为 .(12)双曲线2221(0)y x b b-=>的一个焦点到其渐近线的距离是2,则b = ;此双曲线的离心率为 .(13)有标号分别为1,2,3的红色卡片3张,标号分别为1,2,3的蓝色卡片3张,现将全部的6张卡片放在2行3列的格内 (如图).若颜色相同的卡片在同一行,则不同的放法种数为 .(用数字作答)正视图俯视图(14)如图,在四棱锥S ABCD -中,SB ⊥底面ABCD .底面ABCD 为梯形,AB AD ⊥,AB ∥CD ,1,3AB AD ==,2CD =.若点E 是线段AD 上的动点,则满足90SEC ∠=︒的点E 的个数是 .三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共80分.解答应写出文字说明,演算步骤或证明过程. (15)(本小题满分13分)已知函数22()2sin()cos sin cos f x x x x x =π-⋅+-,x ∈R . (Ⅰ)求()2f π的值及函数()f x 的最小正周期; (Ⅱ)求函数()f x 在[]0,π上的单调减区间.(16)(本小题满分13分)某单位从一所学校招收某类特殊人才.对20位已经选拔入围的学生进行运动协调能力和逻辑思维能力的测试,其测试结果如下表:例如,只知道从这20位参加测试的学生中随机抽取一位,抽到运动协调能力或逻辑思维能力优秀的学生的概率为25. (I )求a ,b 的值;(II )从参加测试的20位学生中任意抽取2位,求其中至少有一位运动协调能力或逻辑思维能力优秀的学生的概率;(III )从参加测试的20位学生中任意抽取2位,设运动协调能力或逻辑思维能力优秀的学生人数为ξ,求随机变量ξ的分布列及其数学期望E ξ.BCDESA(17)(本小题满分14分)如图,四棱锥P ABCD -的底面为正方形,侧面PAD ⊥底面ABCD .PAD △为等腰直角三角形,且PA AD ⊥. E ,F 分别为底边AB 和侧棱PC 的中点.(Ⅰ)求证:EF ∥平面PAD ; (Ⅱ)求证:EF ⊥平面PCD ; (Ⅲ)求二面角E PD C --的余弦值.(18)(本小题满分13分)已知函数21()ln 2f x ax x =-,a ∈R . (Ⅰ)求函数()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)若函数()f x 在区间[1,e]的最小值为1,求a 的值.(19)(本小题满分14分)已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y C a b a b +=>>经过点(Ⅰ)求椭圆C 的方程;(Ⅱ)直线(1)(0)y k x k =-≠与椭圆C 交于,A B 两点,点M 是椭圆C 的右顶点.直线AM 与直线BM 分别与y 轴交于点,P Q ,试问以线段PQ 为直径的圆是否过x 轴上的定点?若是,求出定点坐标;若不是,说明理由.(20)(本小题满分13分)从1,2,3,,n 中这n 个数中取m (,m n *∈N ,3m n ≤≤)个数组成递增等差数列,所有可能的递增等差数列的个数记为(,)f n m .(Ⅰ)当5,3n m ==时,写出所有可能的递增等差数列及(5,3)f 的值; (Ⅱ)求(100,10)f ;(Ⅲ)求证:()(1)(,)2(1)n m n f n m m -+>-.A E BCDPF北京市朝阳区高三年级第一次综合练习数学答案(理工类) 2014.3三、解答题15. (本小题满分13分) 解: ()f x =sin 2cos 2x x -)4x π=-.(Ⅰ)())12242f πππ=⋅-==.显然,函数()f x 的最小正周期为π. …………… 8分 (Ⅱ)令ππ3π2π22π242k x k +-+≤≤得 37ππππ88k x k ++≤≤,k ∈Z .又因为[]0,πx ∈,所以3π7π,88x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦. 函数()f x 在[]0,π上的单调减区间为3π7π,88⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦. …………… 13分 16. (本小题满分13分)解:(I )设事件A :从20位学生中随机抽取一位,抽到运动协调能力或逻辑思维能力优秀的学生.由题意可知,运动协调能力或逻辑思维能力优秀的学生共有(6)a +人. 则62()205a P A +==. 解得 2a =.所以4b =. …………… 4分(II )设事件B :从20人中任意抽取2人,至少有一位运动协调能力或逻辑思维能力优秀的学生.由题意可知,至少有一项能力测试优秀的学生共有8人.则21222062()1()195C P B P B C =-=-=. …………… 7分(III )ξ的可能取值为0,1,2.20位学生中运动协调能力或逻辑思维能力优秀的学生人数为8人.所以21222033(0)95C P C ξ===,1112822048(1)95C C P C ξ===,2822014(2)95C P C ξ===.所以ξ的分布列为所以,0E ξ=⨯33951+⨯48952+⨯1495764955==. …………… 13分17. (本小题满分14分)(Ⅰ)证明:取PD 的中点G ,连接FG ,AG .因为F ,G 分别是PC ,PD 的中点, 所以FG 是△PCD 的中位线. 所以FG ∥CD ,且12FG CD =. 又因为E 是AB 的中点,且底面ABCD 为正方形,所以1122AE AB CD ==,且AE ∥CD . 所以AE ∥FG ,且AE FG =. 所以四边形AEFG 是平行四边形. 所以EF ∥AG .又EF ⊄平面PAD ,AG ⊂平面PAD ,AE BCDPFG所以EF平面PAD . ……………4分(Ⅱ)证明: 因为平面PAD ⊥平面ABCD ,PA AD ⊥,且平面PAD 平面ABCD AD =, 所以PA ⊥平面ABCD . 所以PA AB ⊥,PA AD ⊥.又因为ABCD 为正方形,所以AB AD ⊥, 所以,,AB AD AP 两两垂直.以点A 为原点,分别以, , AB AD AP 为, , x y z 轴, 建立空间直角坐标系(如图). 由题意易知AB AD AP ==, 设2AB AD AP ===,则(0,0,0)A ,(2,0,0)B ,(2,2,0)C ,(0,2,0)D ,(0,0,2)P ,(1,0,0)E ,(1,1,1)F .因为(0,11)EF =,,(022)PD =-,,,(200)CD =-,,, 且(0,11)(0,2,2)0EF PD ⋅=⋅-=,,(0,11)(2,00)0EF CD ⋅=⋅-=,,所以EF PD ⊥,EF CD ⊥.又因为PD ,CD 相交于D ,所以EF ⊥平面PCD . …………… 9分 (Ⅲ)易得(102)EP =-,,,(0,22)PD =-,.设平面EPD 的法向量为(, , )x y z =n ,则0,0.EP PD ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩n n 所以 20,220. x z y z -+=⎧⎨-=⎩即2,. x z y z =⎧⎨=⎩令1z =,则(2,1,1)=n .由(Ⅱ)可知平面PCD 的法向量是(0,11)EF =,, 所以cos ,2EF EF EF⋅〈〉===⋅n n n .由图可知,二面角E PD C --的大小为锐角,所以二面角E PD C --的余弦值为3. ……………14分 18. (本小题满分13分)解:函数()f x 的定义域是(0,)+∞, 1()f x ax x '=-21ax x-=.(Ⅰ)(1)当0a =时,1()0f x x'=-<,故函数()f x 在(0,)+∞上单调递减. (2)当0a <时,()0f x '<恒成立,所以函数()f x 在(0,)+∞上单调递减.(3)当0a >时,令()0f x '=,又因为0x >,解得x =①当x ∈时,()0f x '<,所以函数()f x 在单调递减.②当)x ∈+∞时,()0f x '>,所以函数()f x 在)+∞单调递增. 综上所述,当0a ≤时,函数()f x 的单调减区间是(0,)+∞,当0a >时,函数()f x 的单调减区间是,单调增区间为)+∞.…7分 (Ⅱ)(1)当0a ≤时,由(Ⅰ)可知,()f x 在[1,e]上单调递减,所以()f x 的最小值为21(e)e 112f a =-=,解得240ea =>,舍去. (2)当0a >时,由(Ⅰ)可知,①1,即1a ≥时,函数()f x 在[1,e]上单调递增, 所以函数()f x 的最小值为1(1)12f a ==,解得2a =.②当1e <<,即211e a <<时,函数()f x 在上单调递减,在上单调递增,所以函数()f x 的最小值为11ln 122f a =+=,解得e a =,舍去.③e ,即210e a <≤时,函数()f x 在[1,e]上单调递减,所以函数()f x 的最小值为21(e)e 112f a =-=,得24ea =,舍去. 综上所述,2a =. ……………13分19. (本小题满分14分)解:(Ⅰ)由题意得22=21314c a a b ⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪+=⎪⎩,解得=2a ,1b =. 所以椭圆C 的方程是2214x y +=. …………… 4分 (Ⅱ)以线段PQ 为直径的圆过x 轴上的定点.由22(1)14y k x x y =-⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩得2222(14)8440k x k x k +-+-=. 设1122(,),(,)A x y B x y ,则有2122814k x x k +=+,21224414k x x k -=+.又因为点M 是椭圆C 的右顶点,所以点(2,0)M .由题意可知直线AM 的方程为11(2)2y y x x =--,故点112(0,)2y P x --. 直线BM 的方程为22(2)2y y x x =--,故点222(0,)2y Q x --. 若以线段PQ 为直径的圆过x 轴上的定点0(,0)N x ,则等价于0PN QN ⋅=恒成立.又因为1012(,)2y PN x x =-,2022(,)2y QN x x =-, 所以221212001212224022(2)(2)y y y y PN QN x x x x x x ⋅=+⋅=+=----恒成立. 又因为121212(2)(2)2()4x x x x x x --=-++2222448241414k k k k -=-+++ 22414k k=+, 212121212(1)(1)[()1]y y k x k x k x x x x =--=-++22222448(1)1414k k k k k -=-+++22314k k-=+, 所以222212000212212414304(2)(2)14k y y k x x x k x x k -++=+=-=--+.解得0x =.故以线段PQ 为直径的圆过x轴上的定点(. …………… 14分 20. (本小题满分13分) 解:(Ⅰ)符合要求的递增等差数列为1,2,3;2,3,4;3,4,5;1,3,5,共4个.所以(5,3)4f =. …………… 3分 (Ⅱ)设满足条件的一个等差数列首项为1a ,公差为d ,d *∈N .1019a a d =+,10110011199a a d --==≤,d 的可能取值为1,2,,11.对于给定的d ,11091009a a d d =--≤, 当1a 分别取1,2,3,,1009d -时,可得递增等差数列1009d -个(如:1d =时,191a ≤,当1a 分别取1,2,3,,91时,可得递增等差数列91个:1,2,3,,11;2,3,4,,12;;91,92,93,,100,其它同理).所以当d 取1,2,,11时,可得符合要求的等差数列的个数为:(100,10)100119(1211)1100966506f =⋅-⋅+++=-⋅=.…………… 8分(Ⅲ)设等差数列首项为1a ,公差为d ,1(1)m a a m d =+-,1111m a a n d m m --=--≤,记11n m --的整数部分是t ,则11111n n t m m ---<--≤,即111n m n t m m --<--≤. d 的可能取值为1,2,,t ,对于给定的d ,1(1)(1)m a a m d n m d =----≤,当1a 分别取1,2,3,,(1)n m d --时,可得递增等差数列(1)n m d --个.所以当d 取1,2,,t 时,得符合要求的等差数列的个数2(1)121(,)(1)222t t m n m f n m nt m t t +--+=--⋅=-+ 22121(21)()22(1)8(1)m n m n m t m m --+-+=--+-- 易证21112(1)1n m n m n m m m --+-<---≤. 又因为211||12(1)2(1)n m n m m m m m --++-=---,2113||2(1)12(1)n m n m m m m -+---=---, 所以21211||||12(1)2(1)1n m n m n m n m m m m --+-+-->-----. 所以(1)(,)(1)2t t f n m nt m +=--⋅ (1)()(1)11(1)122(1)n m n m n m n m n m m n m m m --+--+-->⋅--⋅=--. 即()(1)(,)2(1)n m n f n m m -+>-. …………… 13分。
2014年北京高考理综物理试卷及答案(正式 word版)

绝密★启封并使用完毕前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试(北京卷)本试卷共15页,共300分。
考试时长150分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
以下数据可供解题时参考:可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 O 16 Na 23 Cl 35.5第一部分(选择题共120分)本部分共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。
13.下列说法中正确的是A.物体温度降低,其分子热运动的平均动能增大B.物体温度升高,其分子热运动的平均动能增大C.物体温度降低,其内能一定增大D.物体温度不变,其内能一定不变14.质子、中子和氘核的质量分别为m1、m2和m3。
当一个质子和一个中子结合成氘核时,释放的能量是(c表示真空中的光速)A.(m1+m2-m3)cC.(m1+m2-m3)c215.如图所示,实线表示某静电场的电场线,虚线表示该电场的等势面。
下列判断正确的是A.1、2两点的场强相等B.1、3两点的场强相等C.1、2两点的电势相等D.2、3两点的电势相等16.带电粒子a、b在同一匀强磁场中做匀速圆周运动,它们的动量大小相等,a运动的半径理科综合能力测试(北京卷)第 1 页(共 10 页) B.(m1-m2-m3)c D.(m1-m2-m3)c2大于b运动的半径。
若a、b的电荷量分别为qa、qb,质量分别为ma、mb,周期分别为Ta、Tb。
则一定有A.qa < qb17.一简谐机械横波沿x轴正方向传播,波长为λ,周期为T。
t=0时刻的波形如图1所示,a、b是波上的两个质点。
图2是波上某一质点的振动图像。
下列说法中正确的是A.t=0时质点a的速度比质点b的大B.t=0时质点a的加速度比质点b的小C.图2可以表示质点a的振动D.图2可以表示质点b的振动18.应用物理知识分析生活中的常见现象,可以使物理学习更加有趣和深入。
2014年朝阳高三一模英语试题和答案(3)
2014年朝阳高三一模北京市朝阳区高三年级第一次综合练习英语试卷2014.3(考第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题l.5分,共30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Wallet BackThis is a story about a learning experience that had a big effect on the way I live my life.The 36 in the story did not give me tests or even grade me on my work.I was taught by one of the most effective37 of teaching,one that only people with lots of love can do.“My wallet! Where is it?” were my first words 38 I found my wallet was missing.I 39 my memory for a few good seconds, then realized that I had left my precious wallet in the library’s public 40 ! Because the library was now 41 , I had to wait until the next morning to look for it.When I got there the next day, all I found was a clean restroom.This was the first time I could remember ever 42 to see a clean restroom.As I walked out,I looked at myself in the mirror and shook my head at the 43 fool in front of me.I politely 44 the librarian at the front desk and asked her if a wallet had been found in the restroom yesterday.“No.”That was that.I walked off with a sense of 45 .I 46 what I would do if I had found a wallet with sixty dollars,a phone card and other irreplaceable 47 things.Finally,I 48 accepted the fact that my wallet was gone.A week later,I received a 49 in the mail.It was my wallet! And most 50 ,nothing was missing! But there was a letter folded up in one of the wallet pocket that had not been there before.I slowly unfolded the letter,which 51 something like this:When we continue to help people around,we will live in a larger and more rewarding world.This person didn’t even leave a retu rn address.So I couldn’t52 whoever it was.But from that day on,I 53 myself that l will follow this 54 and help others and make them as 55 as I was when I opened that parcel!36.A.1eader B.writer C.teacher D.scholar37.A.aids B.systems C.materials D.methods38.A.once B.when C.before D.since39.A.searched B.improved C.developed D.recorded40.A.canteen B.lounge C.restroom D.showroom41.A.closed B.deserted C.crowded D.occupied42.A.hoping B.hating C.refusing D.preferring43.A.grateful B.curious C.forgetful D.nervous44.A.approached B.interviewed C.identified D.reminded45.A.safety B.forgiveness C.satisfaction D.disappointment46.A.described B.wondered C.discovered D.expressed47.A.personal B.strange C.surprising D.reasonable48.A.gladly B.naturally C.willingly D.painfully49.A.1etter B.note C.package D.suitcase50.A.sincerely B.amazingly C.honestly D.obviously51.A.read B.printed C.explained D.wrote52.A.owe B.thank C.admire D.inspire53.A.supported B.suggested C.improved D.promised54.A.plan B.course C.regulation D.example55.A.shocked B.cautious C.delighted D.optimistic第三部分:阅读理解(共两节。
北京市朝阳区2014届高三下学期第一次综合练习 理综试题
北京市朝阳区2014届高三3月第一次综合练习化学部分6. 当身处贴有下列标志的环境时,行为不正确...的是7. 已知:下列说法不正确...的是A. ①和②变化过程中都会放出热量B. 氯原子吸引电子的能力强于钠原子和氢原子C. ①和②中的氯原子均得到1个电子达到8电子稳定结构D. NaCl中含有离子键,HCl中含有共价键8. 综合下图判断,下列叙述不正确...的是A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ的反应原理均是Zn + Cu2+ = Zn2+ + CuB. Ⅰ、Ⅱ中均有电子转移,均是把化学能转化为电能利用C. 随着反应的进行,Ⅰ、Ⅱ中CuSO4溶液颜色均渐渐变浅D. 取a中溶液,加足量Ba(NO3)2溶液,过滤后向滤液中加AgNO3溶液,有沉淀产生9. 下列解释事实的方程式不准确...的是 A. 氨水使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝:NH 3·H 2ONH 4+ + OH -B. 工业上用过量的NaOH 溶液吸收SO 2:SO 2 + OH - == HSO 3-C. 用烧碱溶液清洗铝表面的氧化膜:2OH - + Al 2O 3 = 2AlO 2- + H 2OD. 用石灰乳吸收泄漏的氯气:2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl 2== CaCl 2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H 2O 10.下列实验事实不能用...平衡移动原理解释的是A .B .C .D .11. 右图为实验室制取乙炔并验证其性质的装置图。
下列说法不合理...的是 A. 逐滴加入饱和食盐水可控制生成乙炔的速率 B. KMnO 4酸性溶液褪色,说明乙炔具有还原性 C. 用Br 2的CCl 4溶液验证乙炔的性质,不需要除杂 D. 将纯净的乙炔点燃,有浓烈的黑烟,说明乙炔不饱和程度高12. 在100℃时,将N 2O 4、NO 2分别充入两个各为1 L 的密闭容器中,反应过程中浓度变化如下:[2NO 2(g)N 2O 4(g) ΔH <0]下列说法正确的是A. 平衡时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ中反应物的转化率α(N 2O 4)<α(NO 2)B. 平衡时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ中上述正反应的平衡常数K (Ⅰ) = 2K (Ⅱ)C. 平衡后,升高相同温度,以N 2O 4表示的反应速率ν(Ⅰ)<ν(Ⅱ)D. 平衡后,升高温度,Ⅰ、Ⅱ中气体颜色都将变深25. (16分)对羟基扁桃酸、香豆素–3–羧酸用于制备药物、香料,二者合成路线如下(部分产物及条件未列出):(1)A 的结构简式是______。
2014北京各区高考英语一模试题(含答案)
2014届北京市朝阳区高三年纪第一次综合练习英语试卷 2014.3第二部分知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空21. In China, you _____ vote when you are 18.A. mustB. mightC. canD. would22. I’ve been away for only three years, _____I can hardly recognize my hometown.A. soB. orC. forD. yet23. This article is well written because special attention ______ to the choice of words.A. has paidB. has been paidC. has paidD. had been paid24. They always give the vacant seat to ____ comes first.A. anyoneB. whomC. whomeverD. whoever25. In some countries, friends kiss____ both checks when they say goodbye.A. onB. inC. atD. of26. It is hard to imagine ____ makes a top-level athlete.A. whichB. howC. thatD. what27. The movie Gravity won seven awards at the Oscar night, ____was beyond t he director’s wildest dream.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what28. ---Did he get the job finally?---Though he ____ well before the gob interview, he failed to answer some important questions.A. Was preparingB. would prepareC. had preparedD. has prepared29. When ____ about one of the biggest concerns today, many citizens mentioned the sharp rise in housing price.A. askingB. to askC. askedD. having asked30. _____time, the teacher had us do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework.A. To saveB. SaveC. SavingD. Having saved31. Remember me to your parents when you ____them.A. are callingB. callC. will callD. have called32. ---What’s that noise?---There’s a truck stopping outside. It’s someone ____ something.A. deliverB. to deliverC. deliveringD. delivered33. Quietness seems impossible _____ everyone takes their seats and begins to write.A. untilB. afterC. forD. once34. ---How long have you been here, Susan?---Only about five minutes. Alisa ____ here with me.A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked35. I didn’t know your mobile phone number; otherwise I ____you the moment I got to Canada.A. would ringB. would have rungC. had rungD. rang第二节完型填空Wallet BackThis is a story about a learning experience that had a big effect on the way that I live my life. The ____36___in the story did not give me tests or even grade me on my work. I was taught by one of the most effective ___37___ of teaching, one that only people with lots of love can do.“My wallet! Where is it?” were my first words___38___ I found my wallet was missing. I ____39___ my memory for a few good seconds, then realized that I had left my precious wallet in the library’s public ___40___!Because the library was now __41__, I had to wait until the next morning to look for it. When I got there the next day, all I found was a clean restroom. This was the first time I could remember ever ___42___ to see a clean restroom. As I walked out, I looked at myself in the mirror and shook my head at the ___43____ fool in front of me.I politely ___44____ the librarian at the front desk and asked her if a wallet had been found in the restroom yesterday. “No.” That was that. I walked off with a sense of ____45____.I __46___ what I would do if I had found a wallet containing sixty dollars, a phone card and many other irreplaceable ___47____things. Finally, I ___48___ accepted the fact that my wallet was gone.A week later, I received a ___49____ in the mail. it was my wallet And most ___50____, nothing was missing!But there was a little yellow sheet of paper folded up in one of the wallet pockets that had not been there before. I slowly unfolded the paper, which ___51____something like this:When we continue to help around, we will live in a larger and more rewarding world.This person didn’t even leave a return address. So I couldn’t ___52___whoever it was. From that day on, I __53__ myself that I will follow this ___54___ and help others and make them as ___55__ as I was when I opened that parcel!36. A. leader B. writer C. teacher D. scholar37. A. aids B. systems C. materials D. methods38. A. once B. when C. before D. since39. A. searched B. improved C. developed D. recorded40. A. canteen B. lounge C. restroom D. showroom41. A. closed B. deserted C. crowded D. occupied42. A. hoping B. hating C. refusing D. preferring43. A. grateful B. curious C. forgetful D. nervous44. A. approached B. interviewed C. identified D. reminded45. A. safety B. forgiveness C. satisfaction D. disappointment46. A. described B. wondered C. discovered D. expressed47. A. personal B. strange C. surprising D. reasonable48. A. gladly B. naturally C. willingly D. painfully49. A. letter B. note C. package D. suitcase50. A. sincerely B. amazingly C. honestly D. obviously51. A. read B. printed C. explained D. wrote52. A. owe B. thank C. admire D. inspire53. A. supported B. suggested C. improved D. promised54. A. plan B. course C. regulation D. example55. A. shocked B. cautions C. delighted D. optimistic第三部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)第一部分AJohnny the ExplorerJohnny was three when he ran away from home for the first time. Somebody left the garden gate open. Johnny wandered out, crossed some fields, and two hours later, and arrived in the next village. He was just able to give his name and address.By the time he was seven, Johnny used to vanish from home two to three times a year. Sometimes he covered quite long distances on foot. On other occasions he got on a bus or even a train, and simply sat there until someone asked for his ticket. Generally the police brought him home. "Why do you do it?" they used to ask. "You aren't unhappy at home, areyou? .... ““Of course not," Johnny replied.” Then why?" "I just like seeing places," Johnny told them.Johnny continued to "see places" although everyone tried to stop him. His parents used to watch him closely, and so did his teachers; but sooner or later Johnny managed to slip away. As he grew older, his favorite trick was to hide on a long distance truck. Sometimes he used to travel hundreds of miles before anyone discovered him.It is hardly surprising that eventually Johnny managed to get on board a plane. He was twelve at the time. It was a cargo plane and, a few hours later, Johnny found himself in Cairo. How did he get on board? No one knows! According to Johnny himself, it was easy: he just went into the airport, walked along some corridors and got on board the nearest plane.In spite of all this, Johnny did well at school. He enjoyed maths and languages and, perhaps not surprisingly, he was especially good at geography. "What do you want to be when you grow up?" his teachers asked him. Johnny did not take long to answer that question. "An explorer!" he answered. "But it's difficult to become an explorer in this modem age." they tried to tell him, But it was no use: Johnny knew what he wanted!Just before he left school, Johnny saw a notice in one of the daily papers. An expedition was about to go to Brazil to travel up the Amazon River. There were vacancies for three young people "willing to work hard and with a sense of adventure". Johnny applied, and, two months later, he was on his way to Brazil.56. Johnny frequently left home because_________.A. he preferred to stay homeB. he enjoyed seeing new placesC. he couldn’t do well at schoolD. he didn’t get along well with his parents57. People around Johnny_______.A. tried to stop him from slipping awayB. kept following him to get him backC. booked tickets for him if necessaryD. were closer about how he traveled abroad58. From the passage, we can learn that _______.A. Johnny worked for a daily paperB. Johnny lacked a sense of adventureC. Johnny went exploring along the Amazon RiverD. Johnny went to Brazil months after he finished school.BEditor Henry Slocum,I read your May 10th article in the local newspaper Honesdale Times about electronic books, or e-books, with great interest. You made several good points about the disadvantage of e-books. You may have overlooked, however, some of the ways in which they are superior to traditional books. Yes, e-books are expensive, but they are also convenient. In addition, duo to their environment-friendly nature, e-books have the potential to change our planets for the better.E-books, for anyone who is unfamiliar with the term, are about the same size and shape as regular books. They have a large screen in the middle, however, this screen shows the reader a page of the text that has been downloaded from a computer. Once the reader has finished reading the page on the e-book screen, he or she scrolls down to see a new page. The process continues until the entire book has been read.As you pointed out, Mr. Slocum, it’s great to lie on a warm, sandy beach with a book. You can do that just as easily with an e-book as you can with a traditional paper book. In fact, because e-books are so light, you can carry themselves. Say, for example, that you like to read on the bus. Which would you rather carry with you---a heavy 800-page novel, or an e-book that weighs only a few ounces?Another important advantage is offered by e-books as well. They are more environment-friendly than traditional books. At present, thousands of trees cut down each year to meet the publishing industry’s demand for paper. Books that don’t sell are eventually returned to the publisher and destroyed, This terrible waste could be avoided if everyone used e-books, which require no paper.3Sincerely,David Eng59. What does Editor Henry Slocum think about e-books?A. InterestingB. ExpensiveC. ConvenientD. Environment-friendly60. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?A. What an e-book isB. Why e-books are popularC. How e-books have developedD. Who are the readers of e-books61. In David’s letter, he thinks that_______A. E-books will come down in priceB. E-books come in various sizes and shapesC. E-books do little harm to the environmentD. E-books are no better than traditional books62. The main purpose of the letter is to ________A. explain how to read e-booksB. honor the person who invented e-booksC. scold publishers for wasting so much paperD. provide evidence that e-books are a good ideaCLosing weight comes with a lot of health benefits---including make your brain sharper.Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits(缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some king of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to access their abilities if memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24%of the patients showed damaged learning and 23%showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteer who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.The study helped, Gunstad to find out whet her losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s been the positive effect that weight loss can have one memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operation, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well.” He says.63. There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers________.A. believe overweight only affects our bodyB. have focused on ways to sharpen people’s mindC. do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive abilityD. are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions64. The result of Gunstad’s study shows that_______A. losing weight has little effect on people’s memoryB. Losing weight can improve people’s mental functionsC. overweight people are likely to have psychology problemD. overweight people’s abilities of concentration differ greatly65. What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?A. Slim people are smarter than overweight peopleB. Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weightC. Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operationD. Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise66. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Body Weight and HealthB. Losing Weight by OperationC. Ways to Improve Mental FunctionsD. Losing Weight to Sharpen Your MindDSeeing in StereoHave you wondered why you have two eyes and why they are set close together on the front of your face? The reasons are simple and important to the way you see the rest of your world.Your eyes are like two small cameras. A camera catches an image of an object and records it on film. Similarly, when you look at something, each eye takes in what it sees and sends this image to the back of the eyeball. Because your eyes are set close together, they view the world from about the same height but from slightly different angles. Working as a team, they eyes send the images to your brain, which puts them together into a single, centered image.Seeing in stereo means seeing with two eyes working together, which is called stereoscopic sight. This allows you to view the world in three dimensions, or 3-D. Seeing depth helps you to judge the distance between you and the objects you see and to adjust to the changing angle at which you see something as you move closer to or farther away from it. If images are coming from only one eye, however, only two of these dimensions—height and width---can be perceived. A world seen with one eye is thus two-dimensional, as in a photograph.Now consider why your two eyes are on the front of your face. Think of other animals with the same arrangement. They are all animal that hunt, like lions and wolves. Their eyes face directly in front of them. This provided a field of sight about 180 degree wide, which is called binocular sight. On the other hand, animals that are hunted have eyes on the sides of the head, which provides nearly 360-degree field of sight. In order to stay alive, they need to see things coming from the sides and from behind. However, without stereoscopic sight, they have difficulty determining how far a danger is.With sight both stereoscopic and binocular, human share with animal hunters the ability to see from side to side and to accurately determine the distance. If you think it would be great to have another type of sight, perhaps with hundreds of tiny eyes like many insects do, think again! Each tiny insect eye sees only a tiny part. Besides, what if you needed glasses? Be glad for the eyesight that you have.67. According to the passage, an eye is like a camera because both_______A. can record imagesB. can imagine objectsC. provide centered imagesD. work at the same height68. Stereoscopic sight is a result of having_________.A. a three-hundred-sixty-degree field of sightB. hundreds of eyes, all seeing parts of an imageC. two eyes close to one another that work togetherD. one eye on either side of the head, each seeing a different image69. The underlined word “perceived” in paragraph 3means________.A. setB. takenC. seenD. understood70. The author implies that “seeing in stereo”________.A. is similar to the way camera workB. is an ability humans are fortunate to haveC. would be better for a wider field of sight5D. helps people to have better sight than animals第二节Puppy FoodA puppy (young dog) is a precious addition to any family. The excitement of bringing home a little furry friend will always live in our memories. Like all of us, though, your puppy must have adequate nutrition right from the start to make cer tain that it’ll have a long and healthy life.____71____You might ask yourself what is the best for your new pet with all of the different varieties on the market in all of their attractive packaging. Some dry food produced especially for puppies is the best for the development of their teeth. _____72_____Contrary to the belief of many first time puppy owners, it is not always the best idea to purchase food that is too high in calcium, protein, and vitamin levels. _____73_____In addition, a high intake of calcium is associated with bone disease in large-breed dogs. If you have a small-breed puppy, you can buy that kind of food.It is not a good idea to feed the food you eat to your puppy frequently, as your puppy may become selective about food. ___74____Some people think that dog biscuits and other treats are fine, but they should not be a main part of puppy’s diet.Young puppies should be fed three times a day. Each puppy is unique, however, so feeding them twice a day is acceptable. After ten to twelve weeks of age, feed your puppy twice per day. Allow your puppy to cat as much as he would like in fifteen minutes. ____75____If you let your puppy eat too much or too often by keeping food accessible at all time, he may become overweight and have health problem as an adult. Like humans, your puppy will not enjoy the food any longer if it is there at all times.A.Pick up the dish with the remaining foodB.Proper food id a basic necessity for your puppiesC.Remember to give your puppy the food he would like to haveD.It can also cause an upset stomach due to an unbalanced dietE. A further benefit is that it is less expensive than the canned foodF.One example is that extra helpings of nutrients do harm to digestive organsG.It’s good to provide the extra nutrients a puppy n eeds until he grows larger.第四部分:书面表达(共两节,35分)第一节你的英国朋友Tim打算暑假来北京学习汉语,来信向你咨询你校国际版的汉语课程。
北京市朝阳区重点高中2014届下学期高三一模理综试卷(有答案)
北京市朝阳区重点高中2014届下学期高三一模(理综试卷,有答案)考试时长150分钟。
以下数据可供解题时参考:可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Fe 56 Ba 137第一部分(选择题共120分)本部分共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。
1. 心房颤动(房颤)是临床上最常见并且危害严重的心律失常疾病。
最新研究表明,其致病机制是核孔复合物的运输障碍。
据此分析正确的是A. 核膜由两层磷脂分子组成,房颤的成因与核膜内外的信息交流异常有关B. 人体成熟的红细胞中核孔数目很少,因此红细胞代谢较弱C. 核孔运输障碍发生的根本原因可能是编码核孔复合物的基因发生突变所致D. tRNA在细胞核内合成,运出细胞核发挥作用与核孔复合物无关2. 下列关于细胞分裂和染色体的叙述正确的是A. 有丝分裂与减数分裂均可发生基因突变和染色体变异B. 有丝分裂及减数第二次分裂的细胞中均无同源染色体C. 黑猩猩细胞中性染色体上的基因均与雌雄性别决定有关D. 三倍体西瓜高度不育是因为减数分裂时同源染色体不联会3. 女性孕期血糖偏高是一种常见现象。
下图为进食葡萄糖后,孕妇与正常女性(非孕妇)血糖浓度变化的数据记录。
下列分析不正确...的是A. 血糖浓度的升高是胰岛素浓度升高的直接刺激因素之一B. 孕妇的胰岛B细胞对血糖变化比较敏感,产生胰岛素速度较快C. 孕妇血糖浓度升高可能的原因是体内的靶细胞对胰岛素的敏感性降低D. 孕妇一旦确诊为妊娠期糖尿病,就必须要及时控制糖类摄入量4. 甲、乙、丙、丁四个生物群落分别包含若干种群。
下图中给出了这些种群的密度(每平方米的个体数),当受到大规模虫害袭击时,不易..受到影响的群落是A. 群落甲B. 群落乙C. 群落丙D. 群落丁5. 下列有关生物学实验的叙述,正确的是A. 可利用平板划线法对土壤细菌进行计数B. 氨基酸与双缩脲试剂发生作用,产生紫色反应C. 诱导植物细胞染色体数目加倍必须使用一定浓度秋水仙素处理D. 制作腐乳时,加盐腌制可使豆腐块变硬且能抵制杂菌生长6. 化学与生活密切相关,下列说法正确的是A. 聚乙烯塑料的老化是由于发生了加成反应B. 煤经过气化和液化等物理变化可以转化为清洁燃料C. 合成纤维、人造纤维及碳纤维都属于有机高分子材料D. 利用粮食酿酒经过了淀粉→葡萄糖→乙醇的化学变化过程7. 设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
北京市朝阳区2014届高三3月第一次综合练习理科综合试题生物部分2014.31.下列有关真核细胞的叙述中,正确的是A.核糖体是蛋白质的“装配机器”,由蛋白质和mRNA组成B.醋酸洋红进入细胞使染色体着色,体现了膜的选择透过性C.衰老细胞内染色质的收缩会影响遗传信息的表达D.原癌基因和抑癌基因的表达会导致正常细胞发生癌变2.在细胞和生物体的生命活动中,不.可能发生的是A.DNA→RNA→氨基酸B.内质网膜→囊泡膜→高尔基体膜C.性激素→下丘脑,性激素→垂体D.生长素→果实发育,生长素→发芽3.用3H标记蚕豆根尖分生区细胞的DNA分子双链,再将这些细胞转入含秋水仙素但不含3H的普通培养基中培养。
若秋水仙素对细胞连续发挥作用,则相关叙述不.正确的是A.秋水仙素可抑制纺锤体的形成,但不影响着丝点的正常分裂B.通过对细胞中不含单体时的染色体计数,可推测DNA复制的次数C.通过检测DNA链上3H标记出现的情况,可推测DNA的复制方式D.细胞中DNA第二次复制完成时,每条染色体的单体均带有3H标记4.下列关于生产措施或生活现象的分析,错误..的是A.零度以上低温贮存果蔬,可降低呼吸酶活性,减少有机物的分解B.提倡慢跑,可防止因肌细胞无氧呼吸积累乳酸而导致的酸胀乏力C.若H7N9禽流感病毒侵入人体,机体的T细胞会合成并分泌淋巴因子D.由于亚硝酸盐含量先减少后增加,故应在其含量增加前尽快食用泡菜5.黄花刺茄是具有很强的耐贫瘠和耐干旱特性的草本植物,原产北美洲,我国于1981年首次发现该物种入侵,目前已在多省区有分布,对本地物种造成危害。
以下叙述正确的是A.黄花刺茄可以增加入侵地的物种多样性,提高生态系统的生态功能B.荒地、路边、弃耕地、过度放牧的草地,黄花刺茄可取得优势地位C.控制黄花刺茄的方法主要有化学防治和人为铲除,化学防治最好D.导致黄花刺茄在入侵地呈J型疯长的主要原因是其基因发生了突变29.(20分)为研究城市环境污染和A植物生命活动的关系,相关人员进行了如下研究。
(1)研究者测定了不同污染程度下A植物叶片光合色素的相关指标,结果如图1。
请回答下列问题:①叶绿体中色素分布在,可用提取叶片中的色素。
②据图1可知,随污染程度的加剧,叶绿素的含量,其中叶绿素b含量变化的程度(大于/小于/等于)叶绿素a。
③进一步分析,随污染加剧,叶片中色素含量的变化会直接影响光合作用的阶段,进而使叶片中制造有机物的量(增加/减少)。
(2)研究发现,与A植物共生的细菌X对受重金属污染的A植物的生长有影响。
①实验一:采集污染地区累积重金属的A植物,从其体内分离得到共生菌X。
a.植物组织块消毒后,用无菌水多次冲洗,将最后一次冲洗过植物组织块的无菌水涂布于适宜的固体培养基上,适宜条件下培养一定时间后,若,则证明植物组织块表面已达到无菌状态。
b.在无菌条件下,将经a步骤处理的植物组织块制作浸出液并梯度稀释,涂布于适宜的固体培养基上,培养一定时间后,培养基上出现不同形态的菌落,表明。
c.将上述步骤中得到的细菌,在含的选择培养基中培养,从而得到耐重金属的共生细菌X。
②实验二:观察在重金属污染条件下细菌X对A植物生长的影响。
a.将细菌X与体内无细菌的A植物共培养,得到与细菌X共生的A植物若干株;将等量体内无细菌的A植物作为对照。
b.将上述植物在含不同浓度的重金属培养液中培养,观察其生长状况,结果如图2(忽略植物体中细菌X的重量)。
通过以上结果可以得出的结论是。
③经检测,重金属在与细菌X共生的A植物组织和对照植物组织中的浓度相同,且单位体积植物组织中水含量相同。
结合图2可以得出,与细菌X共生的A植物中重金属的总量较对照植物(高/低/相等)。
④综上所述,同体内无细菌的A植物相比,与细菌X共生的A植物(利于/不利于)清除环境中的重金属污染物。
30.(14分)果蝇卷翅基因A是2号染色体(常染色体)上的一个显性突变基因,其等位基因a控制野生型翅型。
(1)杂合卷翅果蝇的体细胞中2号染色体上DNA碱基排列顺序(相同/不相同),位于该对染色体上决定不同性状基因的传递(遵循/不遵循)基因自由组合定律。
(2)卷翅基因A纯合时致死,推测在随机交配的果蝇群体中,卷翅基因的频率会逐代 。
(3)研究者发现2号染色体上的另一纯合致死基因B ,从而得到“平衡致死系”果蝇,其基因与染色体关系如右图。
该品系的雌雄果蝇互交(不考虑交叉互换和基因突变),其子代中杂合子的概率是 ;子代与亲代相比,子代A 基因的频率(上升/下降/不变)。
(4)欲利用 “平衡致死系”果蝇来检测野生型果蝇的一条2号染色体上是否出现决定新性状的隐性突变基因,可做下列杂交实验(不考虑杂交过程中的交叉互换及新的基因突变):P “平衡致死系”果蝇(♀)× 待检野生型果蝇(♂)F 1 选出卷翅果蝇雌雄果蝇随机交配F 2 ?若F 2代的表现型及比例为 ,说明待检野生型果蝇的2号染色体上没有决定新性状的隐性突变基因。
若F 2代的表现型及比例为 ,说明待检野生型果蝇的2号染色体上有决定新性状的隐性突变基因。
31.(16分)下图表示胰液分泌调节的部分过程。
请回答下列问题:(1)盐酸刺激 ,从而使其分泌 ,经 传送至胰腺,促使其分泌胰液。
表明机体通过 方式调节胰液的分泌。
(2)图示中反射弧的效应器为 。
表明机体还可通过 方式调节胰液的分泌。
(3)研究者又进一步研究刺激迷走神经、注射不同剂量促胰液素对胰液分泌量的效应,结果如下表。
由表中数据可知,单独刺激迷走神经或注射促胰液素与二者同时作用相比, 对胰腺分泌胰液的促进作用更显著,表明调节胰液分泌的两种方式具有 作用。
北京市朝阳区2014届高三3月第一次综合练习化学部分6. 当身处贴有下列标志的环境时,行为不正确...的是7. 已知:下列说法不正确...的是A. ①和②变化过程中都会放出热量B. 氯原子吸引电子的能力强于钠原子和氢原子C. ①和②中的氯原子均得到1个电子达到8电子稳定结构D. NaCl中含有离子键,HCl中含有共价键8. 综合下图判断,下列叙述不正确...的是A. Ⅰ、Ⅱ的反应原理均是Zn + Cu2+ = Zn2+ + CuB. Ⅰ、Ⅱ中均有电子转移,均是把化学能转化为电能利用C. 随着反应的进行,Ⅰ、Ⅱ中CuSO4溶液颜色均渐渐变浅D. 取a中溶液,加足量Ba(NO3)2溶液,过滤后向滤液中加AgNO3溶液,有沉淀产生9. 下列解释事实的方程式不准确...的是A. 氨水使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝:NH 3·H 2O NH 4+ + OH -B. 工业上用过量的NaOH 溶液吸收SO 2:SO 2 + OH - == HSO 3-C. 用烧碱溶液清洗铝表面的氧化膜:2OH - + Al 2O 3 = 2AlO 2- + H 2OD. 用石灰乳吸收泄漏的氯气:2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl 2== CaCl 2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H 2O10.下列实验事实不能用...平衡移动原理解释的是A .B .C .D .11. 右图为实验室制取乙炔并验证其性质的装置图。
下列说法不合理...的是 A. 逐滴加入饱和食盐水可控制生成乙炔的速率B. KMnO 4酸性溶液褪色,说明乙炔具有还原性C. 用Br 2的CCl 4溶液验证乙炔的性质,不需要除杂D. 将纯净的乙炔点燃,有浓烈的黑烟,说明乙炔不饱和程度高12. 在100℃时,将N 2O 4、NO 2分别充入两个各为1 L 的密闭容器中,反应过程中浓度变化如下:[2NO 2(g) N 2O 4(g) ΔH <0]下列说法正确的是 A. 平衡时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ中反应物的转化率α(N 2O 4)<α(NO 2)B. 平衡时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ中上述正反应的平衡常数K (Ⅰ) = 2K (Ⅱ)C. 平衡后,升高相同温度,以N 2O 4表示的反应速率ν(Ⅰ)<ν(Ⅱ)D. 平衡后,升高温度,Ⅰ、Ⅱ中气体颜色都将变深25. (16分)对羟基扁桃酸、香豆素–3–羧酸用于制备药物、香料,二者合成路线如下(部分产物及条件未列出):(1)A 的结构简式是______。
(2)A 生成 的反应类型是______。
(3)B 中含氧官能团的名称是______。
(4)对羟基扁桃酸的结构简式是______。
(5)乙醇→E 的化学方程式是______。
(6)有机物甲能发生银镜反应。
下列说法正确的是______。
a. 甲中含有羟基b. 芳香化合物中只有一种酯与甲互为同分异构体c. F 、X 均不能发生加成反应(7)F 的结构简式是______。
(8)X 分子中存在两个六元环,X→W 的化学方程式是______。
26. (12分)综合利用CO 2对环境保护及能源开发意义重大。
CH 2COOH Cl 催化剂加热催化剂加热 W (R 、R ′、R ”为烃基)溶液 △(1)Li2O、Na2O、MgO均能吸收CO2。
如果寻找吸收CO2的其他物质,下列建议合理的是______。
a . 可在碱性氧化物中寻找b. 可在ⅠA、ⅡA族元素形成的氧化物中寻找c. 可在具有强氧化性的物质中寻找(2)Li2O吸收CO2后,产物用于合成Li4SiO4,Li4SiO4用于吸收、释放CO2。
原理是:在500℃,CO2与Li4SiO4接触后生成Li2CO3;平衡后加热至700℃,反应逆向进行,放出CO2,Li4SiO4再生,说明该原理的化学方程式是______。
(3)利用反应A可将释放的CO2转化为具有工业利用价值的产品。
反应A:已知:①反应Ⅱ是_____反应(填“吸热”或“放热”),其原因是。
②反应A的热化学方程式是_______。
(4)高温电解技术能高效实现(3)中反应A,工作原理示意图如下:①电极b发生(填“氧化”或“还原”)反应。
② CO2在电极a放电的反应式是______。
(5)CO与H2在高温下合成C5H12(汽油的一种成分)减少碳排放。
已知燃烧1 mol C5H12(g)生成H2O(g)放出约3540 kJ的热量。
根据化学平衡原理,说明提高合成C5H12的产率可采取的措施是______。
27. (14分)某碳素钢锅炉内水垢的主要成分是碳酸钙、硫酸钙、氢氧化镁、铁锈、二氧化硅等。
水垢会形成安全隐患,需及时清洗除去。
清洗流程如下:Ⅰ.加入NaOH和Na2CO3混合液,加热,浸泡数小时;Ⅱ.放出洗涤废液,清水冲洗锅炉,加入稀盐酸和少量NaF溶液,浸泡;Ⅲ.向洗液中加入Na2SO3溶液;Ⅳ.清洗达标,用NaNO2溶液钝化锅炉。
(1)用NaOH溶解二氧化硅的化学方程式是_____。
(2)已知:20℃时溶解度/g根据数据,结合化学平衡原理解释清洗CaSO4的过程_____。
(3)在步骤Ⅱ中:①被除掉的水垢除铁锈外,还有。
②清洗过程中,溶解的铁锈会加速锅炉腐蚀,用离子方程式解释其原因_____。