溶解度表大全-无机盐-有机物
溶解度与物质的溶解特性
溶解度与物质的溶解特性物质的溶解是指溶质分子或离子在溶剂中逐渐分散和混合的过程，溶解度是指在特定条件下溶质能溶解在溶剂中的最大量。
溶解度和物质的溶解特性之间存在着密切的关系，物质的溶解特性直接影响其溶解度的大小和溶解过程的速率。
本文将从溶解度的概念、影响溶解度的因素以及不同物质的溶解特性等方面进行论述。
一、溶解度的概念溶解度是指在一定温度和压力下，在溶剂中能够溶解的物质的最大量。
通常以溶质在100克溶剂中溶解的质量来表示，单位为克/100克溶剂。
溶解度与冷却和浓缩过程有关，通常在饱和溶液的实验条件下确定。
二、影响溶解度的因素1. 温度：一般来说，溶解度随着温度的升高而增加。
这是因为在高温下，溶质分子或离子的热运动增强，与溶剂分子之间的相互作用减弱，使溶质更容易分散和溶解在溶剂中。
2. 压力：对于固体和液体溶质在液体溶剂中的溶解度，压力的变化对其溶解度影响较小。
但是对于气体溶质在液体溶剂中的溶解度，压力的升高会导致溶解度的增加，这与亨利定律有关。
3. 溶剂的性质：不同溶剂具有不同的溶解能力。
如极性溶剂对极性溶质有较好的溶解能力，而非极性溶剂对非极性溶质有较好的溶解能力。
4. 溶质的性质：溶质的分子或离子的大小、极性、电荷等性质对其溶解度有影响。
例如，小分子具有较大的溶解度，而大分子则溶解度较小；极性分子在极性溶剂中溶解度较高，而非极性分子在非极性溶剂中溶解度较高。
三、不同物质的溶解特性1. 无机盐的溶解特性：无机盐通常以离子的形式溶解在水中。
根据溶解度的大小，可以将无机盐分为可溶性盐和不溶性盐。
可溶性盐在水中能够完全溶解，形成电离的离子，而不溶性盐仅在水中溶解极少量。
2. 有机物的溶解特性：有机物通常是以分子的形式溶解在溶剂中。
有机物的溶解度主要受分子间相互作用力的影响。
极性有机物在极性溶剂中溶解度较高，而非极性有机物则在非极性溶剂中溶解度较高。
3. 气体的溶解特性：气体在液体中的溶解度受溶剂和气体压力的影响。
无机盐在超临界水中的溶解度研究
无机盐在超临界水中的溶解度研究闫正文;廖传华;廖玮;朱跃钊【摘要】采用连续式超临界反应器,考察温度对于无机盐在超临界水中的溶解度影响.结果表明,随着温度的升高,无机盐的溶解度逐渐降低;在相同温度下,氯盐的溶解度随阳离子离子半径及电荷数的增大而减小,即NaCl>KCl>CaCl2,硫酸盐的溶解度也呈现同一规律,即Na2SO4>K2SO4>CaSO4;在相同温度下,阳离子相同,盐的溶解度随阴离子离子半径和电荷数的增大而减小,即NaCl>Na2SO4,KCl>K2SO4,CaCl2>CaSO4;当温度从380 ℃升至400 ℃时,无机盐溶解度下降趋势最快,NaCl、KCl和CaCl2的溶解度区间分别为:213.72 ×10 -6~165.24 ×10 -6, 185.81×10 -6~143.64×10 -6,80.23×10 -6~7.26×10 -6,Na2SO4、K2SO4和CaSO4的溶解度区间分别为:85.72× 10 -6~14.36×10 -6,60.24×10 -6~5.12×10 -6,0.048×10 -6~0.012×10 -6.%The solubility of inorganic salts was researched by using continuous supercritical reactor,the impact of temperature on the solubility was investigated.The results showed that:With the increase of tem-perature,the solubility of inorganic salts was reduced;At the same temperature,with the increase of cation ion radius and the number of charge,the solubility of chlorine salts are decreased:NaCl>KCl>CaCl2, and the solubility of sulfates also show the same law:Na2SO4>K2SO4>CaSO4;At the same temperature, the inorganic salts have the same anion,with the increase of anion ion radius and the number of charge, the solubility of salts arereduced:NaCl>Na2SO4,KCl>K2SO4,CaCl2>CaSO4;When the temperature from 380℃ to 400℃,the decline of the solubility of inorganic salts isfastest,the interval of the solubility of NaCl,KCl and CaCl2:213.72×10 -6~165.24×10 -6,185.81×10 -6~143.64×10 -6,80.23×10 -6~7.26×10 -6,and the interval of the solubility of Na2SO4,K2SO4and CaSO4:85.72×10 -6~14.36× 10 -6,60.24×10 -6~5.12×10 -6,0.048×10 -6~0.012× 10 -6.【期刊名称】《应用化工》【年(卷),期】2018(047)003【总页数】3页(P514-516)【关键词】超临界水氧化;温度;无机盐;溶解度【作者】闫正文;廖传华;廖玮;朱跃钊【作者单位】南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院,江苏南京 210009;南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院,江苏南京 210009;南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院,江苏南京 210009;南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院,江苏南京 210009【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ01;TQ110超临界水的物理、化学性质均较常态下的水发生了显著的变化，既不同于液态水，也有别于气态水[1]。
药剂学药物溶解与溶出及释放
6. 温度的影响
• 温度对溶解度影响取决于溶解过程是吸热△Hs>0，还是
放热△Hs<0。当△Hs>0时，溶解度随温度升高而升 高；如果△Hs<0时，溶解度随温度升高而降低。
• 药物溶解过程中，溶解度与温度关系式（3-2）为：
lnS2/S1= △Hs/R(1/T1-1/T2)
式中： S1 、S2—分别在温度T1和T2下的溶解度；
2. 溶剂化作用和水合作用
• 药物离子的水合作用与离子性质有关，阳离子和 水之间的作用力很强，一般单价阳离子结合4个水 分子。
• 水合作用于离子大小、表面积也有关 • 药物的溶剂化会影响药物在溶剂中的溶解度。
3.多晶型的影响
• 晶型不同，导致晶格能不同，药物的熔点、溶解速度、 溶解度等也不同。
• 无定型的溶解度和溶解速度比结晶型的大。
乙醇胺
乌拉坦，尿素 菸酰胺，尿素，乙酰胺，苯甲酸钠，水杨酸 钠 ， 磷 酸 酯 ， PAS-Na，Vc-Na， 吡 嗪 酰 胺 ， 四甲基尿素 ，乌拉坦 菸酰胺，乙酰胺，脲，PEG4000
安络血 氢化可的松
去氧甾醇 葡萄糖酸钙
氯霉素 四环素，土霉素
链霉素 红霉素 新霉素
安定
水杨酸钠，菸酰胺，乙酰胺 苯甲酸钠，邻、对、间羟苯甲酸钠，菸酰胺， 二乙胺 苯甲酸钠，邻、对、间羟苯甲酸钠
酰胺类化合物如乌拉坦尿素烟酰胺乙酰常见的难溶性药物与其应用的助溶剂药物助溶剂碘化钾聚乙烯吡咯烷酮pvp咖啡因苯甲酸钠枸橼酸钠水杨酸钠对氨基苯甲酸钠菸酰胺可可豆碱水杨酸钠苯甲酸钠菸酰胺茶碱二乙胺其他脂肪族胺菸酰胺苯甲酸钠芦丁乙醇胺盐酸奎宁乌拉坦尿素核黄素菸酰胺尿素乙酰胺苯甲酸钠水杨酸钠磷酸酯pasnavna吡嗪酰胺四甲基尿素乌拉坦对羟基苯甲酸甲水杨酸钠菸酰胺乙酰胺氢化可的松苯甲酸钠邻对间羟苯甲酸钠菸酰胺二乙胺苯甲酸钠邻对间羟苯甲酸钠葡萄糖酸钙乳酸钙糖酸钙枸橼酸钠nacl氯霉素nn二甲基甲酰胺nn二甲基乙酰胺琥珀酸钠四环素土霉素水杨酸钠对羟基苯甲酸钠菸酰胺链霉素蛋氨酸甘草酸红霉素乙酰琥珀酸酯v新霉素精氨酸安定水杨酸2加入增溶剂
单水氢氧化锂溶解度 化工手册
单水氢氧化锂溶解度化工手册全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：单水氢氧化锂是一种重要的无机化合物，广泛应用于锂电池、玻璃制造、陶瓷工业等领域。
在化工生产过程中，掌握单水氢氧化锂的溶解度是非常重要的，可以帮助我们合理设计生产工艺，提高生产效率。
本手册将介绍单水氢氧化锂的溶解度相关知识，帮助读者更好地了解该化合物在溶液中的行为特性。
一、单水氢氧化锂的基本性质单水氢氧化锂的化学式为LiOH，是一种白色固体，能溶解于水中，生成碱性溶液。
在常温下，单水氢氧化锂是吸湿性的，能吸收空气中的水分。
在高温下，它还会分解释放氧化锂和水蒸气。
单水氢氧化锂具有较强的腐蚀性，应注意避免与皮肤接触或吸入其蒸气。
单水氢氧化锂在水中的溶解度是指在一定温度下，单位质量的水中能溶解多少量的LiOH。
通常以克/升或摩尔/升来表示。
单水氢氧化锂的溶解度受温度、压力等因素的影响，一般来说，溶解度随温度的升高而增加。
单水氢氧化锂的溶解度与浓度的关系是一个动态平衡过程，随着溶液中LiOH浓度的增加，其溶解度会逐渐减小。
当达到溶解度极限时，称之为饱和状态。
此时溶液中LiOH颗粒和水中LiOH分子的生成速度相等，溶液处于动态平衡状态。
三、单水氢氧化锂的溶解度的影响因素1. 温度：温度是影响单水氢氧化锂溶解度的主要因素之一。
一般情况下，温度升高可以提高溶解度，因为高温有利于分子间的热运动，使得单水氢氧化锂更容易溶解。
2. 压力：压力对单水氢氧化锂的溶解度影响较小，一般情况下可以忽略不计。
3. pH值：单水氢氧化锂是一种碱性物质，因此溶液的pH值会影响其溶解度。
通常情况下，pH值越高，溶解度越大。
4. 其他溶质：当溶液中存在其他溶质时，会影响单水氢氧化锂的溶解度。
有些溶质会与Li+或OH-形成化合物，降低LiOH的溶解度。
1. 重量法：将一定量的LiOH加入一定量的水中，搅拌使其充分溶解，用天平测量其溶解后的总质量，据此计算溶解度。
2. 密度法：测定在不同温度下的LiOH溶液的密度，根据密度和溶液中LiOH的摩尔浓度计算溶解度。
不同温度下无机盐在水中的溶解度
AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUSTEMPERATURESThe solubility of over 300 common inorganic compounds in water is tabulated here as a function of temperature. Solubility is defined as the concentration of the compound in a solution that is in equilibrium with a solid phase at the specified temperature. In this table the solid phase is generally the most stable crystalline phase at the temperature in question. An asterisk * on solubility values in adjacent columns indicates that the solid phase changes between those two temperatures (usually from one hydrated phase to another or from a hydrate to the anhydrous solid). In such cases the slope of the solubility vs. temperature curve may show a dis-continuity.All solubility values are expressed as mass percent of solute, 100⋅w2, wherew2 = m2/(m1 + m2)and m2 is the mass of solute and m1 the mass of water. This quan-tity is related to other common measures of solubility as follows: Molarity: c2 = 1000 ρw2/M2Molality: m2 = 1000w2/M2(1-w2)Mole fraction: x2 = (w2/M2)/{(w2/M2) + (1-w2)/M1}Mass of solute per 100 g of H2O: r2 = 100w2/(1-w2)Here M2 is the molar mass of the solute and M1 = 18.015 g/mol is the molar mass of water. ρ is the density of the solution in g cm-3. The data in the table have been derived from the references in-dicated; in many cases the data have been refitted or interpolated in order to present solubility at rounded values of temperature. Where available, values were taken from the IUPAC Solubility Data Series (Reference 1) or the related papers in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (References 2 to 5), which present carefully evaluated data.The solubility of sparingly soluble compounds that do not ap-pear in this table may be calculated from the data in the table “Solubility Product Constants”. Solubility of inorganic gases may be found in the table “Solubility of Selected Gases in Water”. Compounds are listed alphabetically by chemical formula in the most commonly used form (e.g., NaCl, NH4NO3, etc.).References1. Solubility Data Series, International Union of Pure and AppliedChemistry. Volumes 1 to 53 were published by Pergamon Press, Oxford, from 1979 to 1994; subsequent volumes were published by Oxford University Press, Oxford. The number following the colon is the volume number in the series.2. Clever, H. L., and Johnston, F. J., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 751,1980.3. Marcus, Y., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 1307, 1980.4. Clever, H. L., Johnson, S. A., and Derrick, M. E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref.Data, 14, 631, 1985.5. Clever, H. L., Johnson, S. A., and Derrick, M. E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref.Data, 21, 941, 1992.6. Söhnel, O., and Novotny, P., Densities of Aqueous Solutions of InorganicSubstances, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985.7. Krumgalz, B.S., Mineral Solubility in Water at Various Temperatures,Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research Ltd., Haifa, 1994.8. Potter, R. W., and Clynne, M. A., J. Research U.S. Geological Survey,6, 701, 1978; Clynne, M. A., and Potter, R. W., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 24, 338, 1979.9. Marshal, W. L., and Slusher, R., J. Phys. Chem., 70, 4015, 1966; Knacke,O., and Gans, W., Zeit. Phys. Chem., NF, 104, 41, 1977.10. Stephen, H., and Stephen, T., Solubilities of Inorganic and OrganicCompounds, Vol. 1, Macmillan, New York, 1963.Compound0°C10°C20°C25°C30°C40°C50°C60°C70°C80°C90°C100°C Ref. AgBrO30.193 1.327 AgClO20.170.310.470.550.640.82 1.02 1.22 1.44 1.66 1.88 2.117 AgClO3157 AgClO481.683.084.284.885.386.386.987.587.988.388.688.86 AgNO20.1550.4137 AgNO355.962.367.870.172.376.179.281.783.885.486.787.86 Ag2SO40.560.670.780.830.880.97 1.05 1.13 1.20 1.26 1.32 1.397 AlCl330.8430.9131.0331.1031.1831.3731.6031.8732.1732.5132.9033.327 Al(ClO4)354.964.47 AlF30.250.340.440.500.560.680.810.96 1.11 1.28 1.45 1.647 Al(NO3)337.038.239.940.842.044.547.350.453.8*61.5*6 Al2(SO4)327.527.828.229.230.732.634.937.640.744.27 As2O3 1.19 1.48 1.80 2.01 2.27 2.86 3.43 4.11 4.89 5.77 6.727.7110 BaBr247.648.549.550.050.451.452.553.554.555.556.657.66 Ba(BrO3)20.2850.4420.6560.7880.935 1.30 1.74 2.27 2.90 3.61 4.40 5.251:14 Ba(C2H3O2)237.044.27 BaCl223.3024.8826.3327.0327.7029.0030.2731.5332.8134.1435.5437.058 Ba(ClO2)230.531.344.77 Ba(ClO3)216.9021.2323.6627.5029.4333.1636.6940.0543.0445.9048.7051.171:14 Ba(ClO4)267.3070.9674.3075.7577.0579.2380.9282.2183.1683.8884.4384.907 BaF20.1580.1617 BaI262.564.767.368.869.169.570.170.771.372.072.773.468-112Compound0°C10°C20°C25°C30°C40°C50°C60°C70°C80°C90°C100°C Ref. Ba(IO3)20.01820.02620.03420.03960.045*0.058*0.0730.0900.1090.1310.1560.1821:14 Ba(NO2)231.136.641.844.346.851.656.260.564.668.572.175.610 Ba(NO3)2 4.7 6.38.29.310.212.414.717.019.321.523.525.56 Ba(OH)2 1.67 4.688.4193352741007 BaS 2.79 4.78 6.978.219.5812.6716.1820.0524.1928.5533.0437.617 Ba(SCN)262.67 BaSO30.00111:26 BeCl240.541.77 Be(ClO4)259.57 BeSO426.6927.5828.6129.2229.9031.5133.3935.5037.7840.2142.7245.287 CaBr2555659616368717310 CaCl236.7039.1942.1344.83*49.12*52.85*56.05*56.7357.4458.2159.0459.948 Ca(ClO3)263.264.265.566.367.269.071.073.275.5*77.4*77.778.01:14 Ca(ClO4)265.37 CaF20.00130.001610 CaI264.666.067.668.369.070.872.474.076.078.079.681.07 Ca(IO3)20.0820.1550.2430.3050.384*0.517*0.5900.6520.811*0.665*0.6681:14 Ca(NO2)238.639.544.548.67 Ca(NO3)250.153.156.759.060.965.477.878.178.278.378.478.56 CaSO30.00590.00540.00490.00410.00350.00300.00260.00230.00200.00191:26 CaSO40.1740.1910.2020.2050.2080.2100.2070.2010.1930.1840.1730.1639 CdBr236.043.049.953.456.460.3*60.3*60.560.760.961.361.66 CdC2O40.00605 CdCl247.250.153.254.656.3*57.3*57.557.858.158.5158.9859.56 Cd(ClO4)258.766.97 CdF2 5.82 4.65 4.18 3.765 CdI244.144.945.846.346.847.949.050.251.552.754.155.46 Cd(IO3)20.0915 Cd(NO3)255.457.159.661.062.866.570.686.186.586.887.187.46 CdSO443.143.143.243.443.644.143.542.541.440.238.536.76 CdSeO442.0440.5939.0238.1837.2935.3533.1530.6527.8424.6921.2417.495 Ce(NO3)357.9959.8061.8963.0564.31*67.0*68.671.1*74.9*79.280.983.11:13 CoCl230.3032.6034.8735.9937.1039.2741.3843.4645.5047.5149.5151.507 Co(ClO4)250.053.07 CoF2 1.47 CoI258.0061.7865.3566.9968.5171.1773.4175.2976.8978.2879.5280.707 Co(NO2)20.0760.497 Co(NO3)245.547.049.450.852.456.060.162.664.967.76 CoSO419.923.026.127.729.232.334.435.935.533.230.627.86 Co(SCN)250.77 CrO362.262.362.662.863.063.564.164.765.566.267.167.96 CsBr55.27 CsBrO3 1.16 1.93 3.01 3.69 4.46 6.328.6011.3214.4517.9621.8325.981:30 CsCl61.8363.4864.9665.6466.2967.5068.6069.6170.5471.4072.2172.961:47 CsClO3 2.40 3.87 5.947.228.6912.1516.3321.1426.4532.1037.8943.421:30 CsClO40.79 1.01 1.51 1.96 2.57 4.28 6.559.2912.4115.8019.3923.077 CsI30.937.243.245.948.653.357.360.763.665.967.769.26 CsIO3 1.08 1.58 2.21 2.59 3.02 3.96 5.06 6.297.709.2010.7912.451:30 CsNO38.4613.018.621.825.132.039.045.751.957.362.166.26 CsOH757 Cs2SO462.663.464.164.564.865.566.166.767.367.868.368.86 CuBr255.87 CuCl240.841.742.643.143.744.846.047.248.549.951.352.76 Cu(ClO4)254.359.37 CuF20.0757 Cu(NO3)245.249.856.359.261.162.063.164.565.967.569.271.06 CuSO412.414.416.718.019.322.225.428.832.436.340.343.56 CuSeO410.616.07 Dy(NO3)358.7959.9961.4962.3563.2965.4368.0471.581:13 Er(NO3)361.5863.1564.8465.7566.6968.7070.9673.6477.751:13 Eu(NO3)355.256.758.559.460.462.564.61:13Compound0°C10°C20°C25°C30°C40°C50°C60°C70°C80°C90°C100°C Ref. FeBr254.664.8*7 FeCl233.2*39.4*48.7*7 FeCl342.744.947.947.751.674.876.784.684.384.384.484.76 Fe(ClO4)263.3967.767 FeF3 5.597 Fe(NO3)340.1546.577 Fe(NO3)241.4446.677 FeSO413.517.020.822.824.828.832.835.533.630.427.124.06 Gd(NO3)356.357.759.260.161.062.965.267.971.51:13 HIO373.4574.1074.9875.4876.0377.2078.4679.7881.1382.4883.8285.141:30 H3BO3 2.61 3.57 4.77 5.48 6.278.1010.312.915.919.323.127.36 HgBr20.260.370.520.610.720.96 1.26 1.63 2.08 2.61 3.23 3.954 Hg(CN)2 6.577.839.3310.211.113.115.518.221.224.628.332.36 HgCl2 4.24 5.05 6.17 6.817.629.5312.0215.1819.1624.0629.9036.624 HgI20.00410.00550.00720.01220.01994 Hg(SCN)20.0704 Hg2Cl20.00043 Hg2(ClO4)273.879.8*85.3*7 Hg2SO40.0380.0430.0480.0510.0540.0590.0650.0700.0760.0820.0880.0934 Ho(NO3)363.81:13 KBF40.280.340.450.550.75 1.38 2.09 2.82 3.58 4.34 5.12 5.9010 KBr35.037.339.440.441.443.244.846.247.648.849.850.86 KBrO3 2.97 4.48 6.427.558.7911.5714.7118.1421.7925.5729.4233.281:30 KC2H3O268.4070.2972.0972.9273.7075.0876.2777.3178.2279.0479.8080.557 KCl21.7423.6125.3926.2227.0428.5930.0431.4032.6633.8634.9936.051:47 KClO3 3.03 4.67 6.747.939.2112.0615.2618.7822.6526.8831.5336.651:30 KClO40.70 1.10 1.67 2.04 2.47 3.54 4.94 6.748.9911.7114.9418.676 KF30.9039.847.350.4153.260.07 KHCO318.6221.7324.9226.628.1331.3234.4637.5140.456 KHSO427.129.732.333.635.037.840.543.446.249.0251.8254.66 KH2PO411.7414.9118.2519.9721.7725.2828.9532.7636.7540.9645.4150.121:31 KI56.057.659.059.760.461.662.863.864.865.766.667.46 KIO3 4.53 5.967.578.449.3411.0913.2215.2917.4119.5821.7824.031:30 KIO40.160.220.370.510.70 1.24 1.96 2.83 3.82 4.89 6.027.177 KMnO4 2.74 4.12 5.967.068.2811.1114.4218.166 KNO273.774.675.375.776.076.777.478.078.579.179.680.16 KNO312.017.624.227.731.338.645.752.258.063.067.370.86 KOH48.750.853.254.756.157.958.659.560.661.863.164.66 KSCN63.866.469.170.471.674.176.578.981.183.385.387.36 K2CO351.351.752.352.753.154.054.956.057.258.459.661.06 K2CrO437.138.138.939.439.840.541.341.942.643.243.844.36 K2Cr2O7 4.307.1210.913.115.520.826.331.736.941.545.548.96 K2HAsO448.5*63.6*79.8*7 K2HPO457.059.161.562.764.167.7*72.7*1:31 K2MoO464.766.57 K2SO351.3051.3951.4951.5551.6251.7651.9352.1152.3252.5452.7953.061:26 K2SO47.118.469.9510.711.412.914.215.516.717.718.619.36 K2S2O349.0*62.3*75.7*7 K2S2O522.126.731.133.135.239.042.646.049.152.054.61:26 K2SeO368.4*68.5*68.5*7 K2SeO452.7052.9353.1753.3053.4353.7053.9954.3054.6154.9455.2655.607 K3AsO451.5*55.6*73*7 K3Fe(CN)623.927.631.132.834.337.239.641.743.545.046.147.06 K3PO444.351.47 K4Fe(CN)612.517.322.023.925.629.232.535.538.240.641.443.16 LaCl349.048.548.648.949.350.552.154.056.358.961.76 La(NO3)355.056.958.960.061.163.666.369.9*74.1*1:13 LiBr58.460.162.764.465.967.868.369.069.870.771.772.86 LiBrO361.0362.6264.4465.4466.5168.9071.68*73.24*74.4375.6676.9378.321:30 LiC2H3O223.7626.4929.4231.0232.7236.4840.6545.1549.9354.9160.0465.267 LiCl40.4542.46*45.29*45.8146.2547.3048.4749.7851.2752.9854.98*56.34*1:47Compound0°C10°C20°C25°C30°C40°C50°C60°C70°C80°C90°C100°C Ref. LiClO373.275.6*80.8*82.183.485.9*87.1*88.289.691.393.495.71:30 LiClO430.132.635.537.038.641.945.549.253.257.261.371.46 LiF0.1200.1260.1310.1347 LiH2PO455.87 LiI59.460.561.762.363.064.365.867.368.881.381.782.66 LiIO343.81:30 LiNO24145495153566063666810 LiNO334.837.642.750.557.960.162.264.065.767.268.569.76 LiOH10.810.811.011.111.311.712.212.713.414.215.116.16 LiSCN54.57 Li2CO3 1.54 1.43 1.33 1.28 1.24 1.15 1.070.990.920.850.780.727 Li2C2O4 5.877 Li2HPO39.078.407.777.477.18 6.64 6.16 5.71 5.30 4.91 4.53 4.167 Li2SO426.325.925.625.525.325.024.824.524.324.023.823.66 Li3PO40.0271:31 Lu(NO3)371.11:13 MgBr249.349.850.350.650.951.552.152.853.554.255.055.76 Mg(BrO3)243.045.248.049.451.054.357.961.665.369.0*70.9*71.71:14 Mg(C2H3O2)236.1837.5538.9239.617 MgC2O40.0387 MgCl233.9634.8535.5835.9036.2036.7737.3437.9738.7139.6240.7542.158 Mg(ClO3)253.3554.4056.8158.6660.91*65.46*67.3369.2771.0172.4473.481:14 Mg(ClO4)247.848.749.650.150.551.352.16 MgCrO432.06*35.39*7 MgCr2O758.967.07 MgF20.0137 MgI254.756.158.259.460.863.965.065.065.065.065.165.26 Mg(IO3)2 3.19* 6.70*7.928.529.1110.4511.9913.715.617.619.61:14 Mg(NO2)2477 Mg(NO3)238.439.540.841.642.444.145.947.950.052.270.672.06 MgSO30.320.370.460.520.610.87*0.85*0.760.690.640.620.601:26 MgSO418.221.725.126.328.230.933.435.636.935.934.733.36 MgS2O330.734.17 MgSeO431.4*35.7*47*7 MnBr256.0057.7259.3960.1960.9662.4163.7565.0166.1967.3268.4269.507 MnCl238.740.642.543.644.747.049.454.154.755.255.756.16 MnF20.80* 1.01*0.487 Mn(IO3)20.270.347 Mn(NO3)250.561.77 MnSO434.637.338.638.938.937.736.334.632.830.828.826.76 NH4Br37.540.242.743.945.147.349.451.353.054.656.157.47 NH4Cl22.9225.1227.2728.3429.3931.4633.5035.4937.4639.4041.3343.241:47 NH4ClO410.814.117.819.721.725.829.833.637.340.743.846.66 NH4F41.743.244.745.546.347.849.350.952.554.17 NH4HCO310.613.717.619.922.427.934.241.449.358.167.678.07 NH4H2AsO425.229.032.734.536.339.743.146.249.352.255.07 NH4H2PO417.822.026.428.831.236.241.647.253.059.265.772.47 NH4I60.762.163.464.064.665.866.867.868.769.670.471.16 NH4IO3 3.70 4.20 5.647.631:30 NH4NO255.759.064.968.87 NH4NO354.060.165.568.070.374.377.780.883.485.888.290.36 NH4SCN64.481.17 (NH4)2C2O4 2.31 3.11 4.25 4.94 5.737.569.7312.215.118.321.825.77 (NH4)2HPO436.438.240.041.042.044.146.248.550.953.355.958.67 (NH4)2S2O565.567.969.870.571.372.372.973.11:26 (NH4)2S2O837.0040.4543.8445.4947.1150.2553.2856.2359.1362.007 (NH4)2SO332.234.937.739.140.643.747.050.654.558.91:26 (NH4)2SO441.342.142.943.343.844.745.646.647.548.549.550.56 (NH4)2SeO349.051.153.454.756.058.962.065.469.17 (NH4)2SeO454.027 (NH4)3PO415.57Compound0°C10°C20°C25°C30°C40°C50°C60°C70°C80°C90°C100°C Ref. NaBr44.445.947.748.649.651.653.754.154.354.554.754.96 NaBrO320.023.2226.6528.2829.8632.8335.5538.0540.3742.521:30 NaCHO230.837.945.748.750.652.053.555.06 NaC2H3O226.528.831.833.535.539.945.158.359.360.561.762.96 NaCl26.2826.3226.4126.4526.5226.6726.8427.0327.2527.5027.7828.051:47 NaClO22.744.47 NaClO297.0*95.3*7 NaClO344.2746.6749.350.151.253.655.557.058.560.563.367.11:30 NaClO461.964.166.267.268.370.472.574.174.775.476.176.76 NaF 3.52 3.72 3.89 3.97 4.05 4.20 4.34 4.46 4.57 4.66 4.75 4.826 NaHCO3 6.487.598.739.329.9111.1312.4013.7015.0216.3717.7319.107 NaHSO422.233.310 NaH2PO436.5441.0746.0048.6851.5457.89*61.7*62.3*65.968.71:31 NaI61.262.463.964.865.767.769.872.074.774.874.975.16 NaIO3 2.43 4.407.78*8.65*9.6011.6713.9916.5219.25*21.1*22.924.71:30 NaIO412.627 NaNO241.943.445.145.946.848.750.752.855.057.259.561.86 NaNO342.244.446.647.748.851.053.255.357.559.661.763.86 NaOH30394650535863677174767910 NaSCN52.957.160.262.763.564.265.065.966.967.969.06 Na2B4O7 1.23 1.71 2.50 3.07 3.82 6.029.714.917.119.923.528.06 Na2CO3 6.4410.817.923.528.732.832.231.731.331.130.930.96 Na2C2O4 2.62 2.95 3.30 3.48 3.65 4.00 4.36 4.71 5.06 5.41 5.75 6.086 Na2CrO422.632.344.646.746.948.951.053.455.355.555.856.16 Na2Cr2O762.163.164.465.266.168.070.172.374.677.079.680.76 Na2HAsO4 5.6*29.3*67*7 Na2HPO4 1.66 4.197.5110.5516.34*35.17*44.64*45.2046.8148.7850.5251.531:31 Na2MoO430.638.839.439.439.840.341.041.742.643.544.545.56 Na2S11.113.215.717.118.622.126.728.130.233.036.441.06 Na2SO312.016.120.923.526.3*27.3*25.924.823.722.822.121.51:26 Na2SO416.1321.9429.22*32.35*31.5530.9030.3930.0229.7929.678 Na2S2O333.136.340.643.345.952.062.365.768.869.470.171.06 Na2S2O538.439.540.040.641.843.044.245.546.848.149.51:26 Na2SeO347.3*45*7 Na2SeO411.736.9*42.1*7 Na2WO441.641.942.342.642.943.644.445.346.247.348.449.56 Na3PO4 4.287.3010.812.614.116.622.928.432.437.640.443.56 Na4P2O7 2.23 3.28 4.81 6.627.0010.1014.3820.0727.3136.0332.3730.676 NdCl349.049.349.750.050.451.252.253.354.555.857.158.56 Nd(NO3)355.7657.4959.3760.3861.4363.6966.2769.471:13 NiCl234.736.138.540.341.742.143.245.046.146.246.446.66 Ni(ClO4)251.152.87 NiF2 2.50 2.527 NiI255.4057.6859.7860.6961.5062.8063.7364.3864.8065.0965.307 Ni(NO3)244.146.048.449.851.354.658.361.063.165.667.969.06 NiSO421.424.427.428.830.3*32.0*34.135.837.739.942.344.86 Ni(SCN)235.487 NiSeO421.626.2*45.6*7 PbBr20.4490.6200.8410.966 1.118 1.46 1.892 PbCl20.660.810.98 1.07 1.17 1.39 1.64 1.93 2.24 2.60 2.99 3.422 Pb(ClO4)281.57 PbF20.06030.06490.06700.06932 PbI20.0410.0520.0670.0760.0860.1120.1440.1870.2430.3152 Pb(IO3)20.00257 Pb(NO3)228.4632.1335.6737.3839.0542.2245.1747.9050.4252.7254.8256.752 PbSO40.00330.00380.00420.00440.00470.00520.00582 PrCl348.048.148.649.049.550.852.354.156.158.36 Pr(NO3)357.5059.2061.1662.2463.40*65.7*67.870.273.41:13 RbBr47.450.152.653.854.957.058.860.662.163.564.865.96 RbBrO30.97 1.55 2.36 2.87 3.45 4.87 6.648.7811.2914.1517.3220.761:30 RbCl43.5845.6547.5348.4249.2750.8652.3453.6754.9256.0857.1658.151:47Compound0°C10°C20°C25°C30°C40°C50°C60°C70°C80°C90°C100°C Ref. RbClO3 2.10 3.38 5.14 6.227.4510.3513.8517.9322.5327.5732.9638.601:30 RbClO41 1.5177 RbF757 RbHCO353.77 RbI55.858.661.162.363.465.467.268.870.371.672.773.86 RbIO3 1.09 1.53 2.07 2.38 2.74 3.52 4.41 5.42 6.527.749.0010.361:30 RbNO316.425.034.639.444.253.160.867.272.276.179.081.26 RbOH63.47 Rb2CrO438.2743.267 Rb2SO427.330.032.533.734.836.938.740.341.843.044.144.96 SbCl385.790.87 SbF379.483.17 Sc(NO3)357.059.361.662.863.966.268.51:13 Sm(NO3)354.8356.3358.0859.0560.0862.3865.05*68.1*70.874.21:13 SmCl348.048.248.448.649.250.06 SnCl246647 SnI20.97 3.877 SrBr246.048.350.651.752.955.257.659.962.364.666.869.06 Sr(BrO3)218.5322.0025.3927.0228.5931.5534.2136.5738.64*40.2*40.841.01:14 SrCl231.9432.9334.4335.3736.4338.9341.9445.44*46.81*47.6948.7049.878 Sr(ClO2)213.013.614.114.314.514.915.315.615.97 Sr(ClO3)263.2963.4263.6463.7763.9364.2964.7065.1665.6566.1866.7467.311:14 Sr(ClO4)270.04*75.35*78.44*7 SrF20.0110.0217 SrI262.562.863.563.964.565.867.369.070.872.774.779.26 Sr(IO3)20.1020.1260.1520.1650.1790.2060.2330.2590.2840.3070.3280.3461:14 Sr(MnO4)2 2.57 Sr(NO2)241.944.358.67 Sr(NO3)228.234.641.044.547.047.447.948.448.949.550.150.76 Sr(OH)20.9 2.27 SrSO30.00151:26 SrSO40.01357 SrS2O38.813.217.720.022.226.87 Tb(NO3)360.661.021:13 Tl2SO4 2.65 3.56 4.61 5.19 5.807.098.469.8911.3312.7714.1815.536 Tm(NO3)367.91:13 UO2(NO3)249.5251.8254.4255.8557.5561.5967.071:55 Y(NO3)355.5756.9358.7559.8661.11*63.3*64.967.972.51:13 Yb(NO3)370.51:13 ZnBr279.380.181.883.084.185.685.886.186.386.686.887.16 ZnC2O40.00100.00190.00265 ZnCl276.679.080.381.481.882.483.083.784.485.286.06 Zn(ClO4)244.29*46.27*48.707 ZnF2 1.535 ZnI281.181.281.381.481.581.782.082.382.683.083.383.76 Zn(IO3)20.580.640.690.770.825 Zn(NO3)247.850.854.454.658.579.180.187.589.96 ZnSO30.17860.17900.17940.18030.18125 ZnSO429.132.035.036.638.241.343.042.141.039.938.837.66 ZnSeO433.0634.9837.3838.7940.345。
高中化学溶解度表
高中化学溶解度表高中化学溶解度表是指在一定温度下，不同物质在水中的溶解度的一张表格。
在化学实验中，了解物质的溶解度对于进行溶液的配制、反应的进行以及物质的纯度检验等都至关重要。
以下是一些常见物质在水中的溶解度数据：1. 无机盐溶解度：- 氯化钠（NaCl）：359 g/100 mL- 硝酸银（AgNO3）：123 g/100 mL- 硫酸铜（CuSO4）：31.6 g/100 mL- 碳酸钙（CaCO3）：0.0013 g/100 mL- 硫酸铁（FeSO4）：92 g/100 mL2. 有机物溶解度：- 葡萄糖（C6H12O6）：91 g/100 mL- 乙醇（C2H5OH）：97.2 g/100 mL- 甲苯（C6H5CH3）：0.09 g/100 mL- 苯胺（C6H5NH2）：4.8 g/100 mL- 氯仿（CHCl3）：0.8 g/100 mL需要注意的是，溶解度受温度、压力和溶剂的性质等因素的影响。
通常溶解度是指在标准条件下的数值，即在25摄氏度和标准大气压下的溶解度。
但对于某些物质来说，温度的变化可能会导致它们的溶解度剧烈改变，例如氯化铵（NH4Cl）在0摄氏度时溶解度为37.2 g/100 mL，而在100摄氏度时溶解度却可达到223 g/100 mL。
溶解度表的数据可以通过实验测量得到，也可以通过已有的文献资料或数据库获取。
了解物质的溶解度对于化学实验的设计和操作非常重要。
比如，在配制溶液时，根据所需溶质的溶解度来确定所需的溶质量；在溶液反应中，溶液中物质的溶解度决定了反应的速度和平衡位置；在纯度检验中，溶液中溶解度过高或过低可能意味着溶质的纯度问题。
此外，了解溶解度还有助于理解溶液的饱和与过饱和现象。
当溶质的溶解度达到一定限度时，溶液就处于饱和状态，继续溶解的物质会以固体形式析出。
而在过饱和状态下，溶质的溶解度超过了平衡溶解度，溶液稳定性较差，稍有扰动即可使物质析出。
总之，高中化学溶解度表为学生提供了有关物质的重要信息，有助于他们更好地理解和应用化学知识。
营养学之矿物质
营养学之矿物质人体中几乎含有自然界存在的所有元素。
其中，有20多种是构成人体组织、维持生理功能和生化代谢所必需的。
这些元素在体内按严格的规律和方式，有条不紊地进行一系列互相联系的化学反应。
其中碳、氢、氧、氮构成有机物质，如蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物及水分，其余各种元素统称为矿物质或无机盐。
无机盐约占人体重量的5%。
（一）矿物质的分类通常，可依据矿物质在人体内的含量对其进行分类。
若人体的需要量相对较多，含量大于0.01%，一般计量单位在克的水平者，如钙、磷、钠、钾、氯、硫、镁等，统称为常量元素或宏量元素。
若需要量相对较少，含量小于0.01%，一般计量单位仅为毫克或微克的水平者，如铁、碘、铜、锌、硒、锰、钴、铬、钼、氟、镍、硅、矾、锡等，即统称为微量元素或痕量元素。
上述14种微量元素是目前认为是人体所必需的微量元素。
矿物质在体内的含量一般可随年龄增长而增加，但各元素间比例变动不大。
（二）矿物质的特点1.矿物质在体内不能合成，必须由食物和饮水中摄取。
摄入体内的矿物质经机体新陈代谢，每天都有一定量随粪、尿、汗、头发、指甲及皮肤粘膜脱落而排出体外。
因此，矿物质必须不断地从膳食中供给。
2.各种矿物质在体内的分布有其专一性。
如铁主要在红细胞，碘主要在甲状腺，钴主要在红骨髓，锌主要在肌肉，钙、磷主要在骨骼和牙齿，钒主要在脂肪组织等。
3.各种矿物质之间存在协同或拮抗作用。
如膳食中的钙和磷比例不合适，可影响两种元素的吸收；过量的镁可干扰钙的代谢；过量的锌能影响铜的代谢；过量的铜可抑制铁的吸收等。
4.某些微量元素在体内虽需要量很少，但其生理剂量与中毒剂量范围较窄。
若摄入过多易产生毒性作用。
（三）矿物质的生理功能1.参与机体组织的构成无机盐是骨、牙、神经、肌肉、筋腱、腺体、血液的重要组成成分。
在头发、指甲、皮肤以及腺体分泌物中，都含有本身所特有的一种或多种元素。
如钙、磷、镁是骨骼和牙齿的重要成分；磷和硫是蛋白质的成分；铁为血红蛋白的组成成分等。
常用有机溶剂性质(极性、沸点、溶解性等)
常用有机溶剂性质粘度(20℃)/mPa·s； —介电常数名称沸点密度粘度波长极性E T(30) 介电分子量溶解性水100 1 1 268 10.2 63.1 58.8 18二甲亚砜189 2.24 268 7.2 45 48.9 78.14 DMSO能与水、醇、醚、丙酮、乙醛、吡啶、乙酸乙酯等混溶，不溶于乙炔以外的脂肪烃化合物乙二醇197 1.1155 19.9 210 6.9 56.3 26.33 62.07 与水/乙醇/丙酮/醋酸甘油吡啶等混溶，微溶于醚等,不溶于石油烃及油类.能够溶解氯化锌/氯化钠/碳酸钾/氯化钾/碘化钾/氢氧化钾等无机物.甲醇64.9 0.7914 0.6 210 6.6 55.5 32.6 32.04 溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、苯等二甲基甲酰胺152.8 0.92 270 6.4 43.8 36.71 73.10 能和水及大部分有机溶剂互溶，是高沸点的极性(亲水性)非质子性溶剂，能促进SN2反应机构的进行苯胺184 4.4 - 6.3 44.3 6.98乙酸118 1.28 230 6.2 51.9 6.19乙腈81.1 0.37 210 6.2 46 37.5 41.05 相对密度0.79，与水混溶，溶于醇等多数有机溶剂硝基甲烷101 0.67 330 6 46.3 38.6丙酮56.5 0.32 330 5.4 42.2 20.5 58.08 与水、乙醇、氯仿、乙醚及多种油类混溶吡啶115 0.97 305 5.3 40.2 12.3二恶烷; 二氧六环102 1.04 1.54 220 4.8 36 2.21 88.11 与水混溶，可混溶于多数有机溶剂2-丁酮80 0.8054 0.43 330 4.5 72.11 甲基乙基酮能溶于4份水中，但温度升高时溶解度降低，20℃时，水中溶解度26.8%（w），水在2-丁酮中的溶解度11.8%（w）。
溶于乙醇和乙醚，可与油混溶。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
物质水溶液溶解度表
以化学品中特征元素的拼音顺序排列。
所有数据都为1atm下水溶液溶解度的数据，单位为g/100cm3
1.锕、氨、铵 (2)
2.钯、钡、铋、铂、钚 (3)
3.氮、镝 (4)
4.铒 (4)
5.钒 (4)
6.钆、钙、锆、镉、铬、汞、钴、硅 (4)
7.铪、氦、钬 (7)
8.镓、钾、金 (7)
9.钪 (8)
10.镧、锂、硫、镥、铝 (9)
11.镁、锰 (9)
12.钠、镍、钕 (10)
13.硼、铍、钋、镨 (12)
14.氢、铅 (12)
15.铷 (13)
16.铯、钐、砷、铈、锶 (14)
17.铊、碳、铽、锑、铁、铜、钍 (15)
18.锡、氙、锌、溴 (17)
19.氩、氧、铟、钇、镱、银、铀、铕 (19)
20.有机化合物 (22)
21.酸碱盐溶解性表 (23)
1.锕、氨、铵
2.钯、钡、铋、铂、钚
3. 氮、镝
4.铒
5.钒
6.钆、钙、锆、镉、铬、汞、钴、硅
7.铪、氦、钬
8.镓、钾、金
9.钪
10.镧、锂、硫、镥、铝
11.镁、锰
12.钠、镍、钕
13.硼、铍、钋、镨
14.氢、铅
15.铷
16.铯、钐、砷、铈、锶
17.铊、碳、铽、锑、铁、铜、钍
18.锡、氙、锌、溴
19.氩、氧、铟、钇、镱、银、铀、铕
20.有机化合物
化学基础数据-物质溶解度表
- 21 - 21.
酸碱盐溶解性表。