高级英语 第四单元
The Domestication of Animals动物的驯化The domestication of wild species led directly to denser human populations by yielding more food than the hunter-gatherer lifestyle could provide. In societies that possessed domestic animals, livestock helped to feed more people by providing meat, milk and fertilizer, and by pulling plows. Large domestic animals became the societies’ main source of animal protein, replacing wild game, and they also furnished wool, leather, and land transport. Humans have domesticated only a few species of large animals, with “large” defined as those weighing over 100 pounds (45 kilograms). Fourteen such species were domesticated before the twentieth century, all of them terrestrial mammals and herbivores. The five most import of these are sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and cattle or oxen.野生物种的驯化直接导致了人类种群密度的增加，比狩猎采集者的生活方式提供了更多的食物。
在拥有家畜的社会里，牲畜通过提供肉类、牛奶和化肥，以及拉犁来养活更多的人。
大型家畜成为了社会动物蛋白的主要来源，取代了野生动物，他们还提供羊毛、皮革和陆地运输。
人类只驯养了一些大型动物，其中“大”被定义为体重超过100磅(45公斤)的大型动物。
在二十世纪之前驯养了十四种这样的动物，它们都是陆地哺乳动物和食草动物。
其中最重要的五个是绵羊、山羊、猪、马、牛或牛。
Small animals such as ducks, geese, rabbits, dogs, cats, mink, bees, and silkworms have also been domesticated. Many of these small animals provided food, clothing, or warmth. However, none of them pulled plows or wagons, none carried riders, and none except dogs pulled sleds. Furthermore, no small domestic animals have been as important for food as have large domestic animals.鸭子、鹅、兔子、狗、猫、鼬、蜜蜂和蚕等小型动物也被驯养。
许多小动物提供食物、衣服或温暖。
然而，没有一个人拉犁或马车，没有一个人带着骑手，只有狗拉雪橇。
此外，与大型家畜一样，小型家畜对食物的重要性也不高。
Early herding societies quickly domesticated all large mammal species that were suitable for domestication. There is archaeological evidence that these species were domesticated between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, within the first few thousand years of the origins of farming-herding societies after the last Ice Age. The continent of Eurasia has been the primary site of large mammal domestication. Having the most species of wild mammals to begin with, and losing the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years, Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication.早期的放牧社会很快驯养了所有适合驯养的大型哺乳动物。
有考古证据表明，这些物种是在1万到4500年前被驯化的，这是在上一个冰河时代之后的农牧社会起源的最初几千年里。
欧亚大陆是大型哺乳动物驯化的主要场所。
在过去的4万年里，欧亚大陆拥有最多的野生哺乳动物，并在灭绝的过程中失去了最少的数量，因此成为了最适合驯化的物种。
Domestication involves transforming wild animals into something more useful to humans. Truly domesticated animals differ in many ways from their wild ancestors. These differences result from two processes: human selection of individual animals that are more useful to humans than other individuals of the same species, and evolutionary responses of animals to the forces of natural selection operating in human environments rather than in wild environments.驯化包括将野生动物转化为对人类更有用的东西。
真正的驯养动物在许多方面与它们的祖先不同。
这些差异是由两个过程产生的:个体动物的人类选择比其他个体对人类更有用，动物对自然选择的力量的进化反应在人类环境中而不是在野生环境中。
To be domesticated, a wild species must possess several characteristics. A candidate for domestication must be primarily a herbivore because it takes less plant biomass to feed a plant eater than it does to feed a carnivore that consumes plant eaters. No carnivorous mammal has ever been domesticated for food simply because it would be too costly. A candidate must not only weigh an average of over 100 pounds but also grow quickly. That eliminates gorillas and elephants, even though they are herbivores. Moreover, candidates for domestication must be able to breed successfully in captivity.要被驯化，野生物种必须具备几个特征。
一个驯养的候选人必须主要是食草动物，因为饲养食草动物所需的植物生物量要比消耗食草动物的食肉动物少。
没有食肉哺乳动物因为太昂贵而被驯养。
一个候选人不仅要平均体重超过100磅，而且要快速成长。
这就消除了大猩猩和大象，即使它们是食草动物。
此外，驯养的候选人必须能够在囚禁中成功繁殖。
Since almost any sufficiently large mammal species is capable of killing a human, certain qualities disqualify a wild animal for domestication. The animal cannot have a disposition that is nasty, dangerous, or unpredictable –characteristics that eliminate bears, African buffaloes, and some species of wild horses. The animal cannot be so nervous that it panics around humans. Large herbivores mammal species react to danger from predators or humans in different ways. Some species are nervous, fast and programmed for instant flight when they perceive danger. Others are less nervous, seek protection in herds, and do not run until necessary. Most species of deer and antelope are of the former type, while sheep and goats are of the latter.由于几乎任何足够大型的哺乳动物都能杀死人类，某些品质使野生动物丧失驯养能力。
这种动物不可能有一种令人讨厌、危险或不可预知的特性，这种特性可以消灭熊、非洲水牛和一些野马。
动物不可能如此紧张以至于它在人类周围恐慌。
高级英语unit4--课后练习答案（第6册）
高级英语unit4--课后练习答案（第6册）Unit 4P60Language workI．1. defy= refuse to obey violate=act against2. participating in= taking part in are banished from= are expelled3. we transcend the mundane= we go beyond our uninteresting everyday world4. undoes= works against , reverses the effect of5. usher in = lead, bring in affluence= prospering6. masquerades as = disguise itself as culminate in= ends with7. rendered in= presented inbrought to life= made more real and exciting8. regress to= go back to filter out=remove9. inherent in= intrinsic be taken for rides= cheated, deceived10. rely on= depend onII.1. fictionalized2. Containment3. violation4. perpetually5. transcend6. weightless7. disenchantment 8. affluence9. constraints 10. falsifiedIII.1.of the essence2. revolve around3. conform to4. floated out through5. concealing from6. usher in7. masquerading as 8. culminated in9. brought … to life 10. inherent in11. magic wand 12. revealing aboutIV. (注意掌握词语的引申意义)1.a computer simulation= a model of a problem or course of eventsmade y computer2.is defying= is not changed by3.were banished from=were sent out from4.evolutionary=gradual/doc/238667844.html,her in= celebrate6.filter out= remove7.don’t rely on finding me here= don’t expect to find me here8.a narcissist (n.) = a person with great admiration for himself9.conform to = meets or reaches10.floating around= spreading around, circulating among people V. P62改错name forput on →删除onin Arab→ in Arabiccompany like → company looked like 或者company was like publicity → publicother appalled→ other people 或者othersto used → to be usedforget → forgothead of a train→ head out of a traindisguste d→ disgustingVI.1. knew2. reality3. interests4. joined5. covered6. returned7. career8. start9. success 10. with 11. production 12. won 13. released 14. technique 15. cost 16. considered 17. motion 18. 20th 19. past 20. neverP63Translation1．Mundane matters such as going to the market to buy food do not interest her. ( The mundane)2．I still remember my carefree student days.3．It’s very difficult to undo the damage caused by inadequate parenting in a child’s early years. (It’s hard to remove…the damage because of …, due to…);4．The audience was clearly enchanted by her performance. (The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.)5．The Venice Film Festival has always been the showcase of the Italian cinema.6．She suffered brain damage from a car accident and regressed to the mental age of a five-year-old. (Because of …..,her brain was damaged and the intelligence regressed to….) 7．Be careful or he’ll take you for a ride. (you will be taken for a ride)8．Her story is a cautionary tale for women traveling alone.( alarming)9．She left her home and traveled across the sea in search of a utopia, but she never found it.10．The essence of his argument was that education should continue through our lives.P64 II.Movie experts say Walt Disney was responsible for the development of the art of animation. Disney’s artists tried to put life into every drawing. That meant they had to feel all the emotions of the cartoon creatures: happiness, sadness, anger, fear. The artists looked at themselves in a mirror and expressed each emotion: a smile, tears, a red face, wide-opened eyes. Then they drew that look on the face of each cartoon creature.Disney’s art of animation reached its highest point in 1940 with themovie Pinocchio. The story is about a wooden toy that comes to life as a little boy. Disney’s artists drew flat pictures. Yet they created a work of space and solid objects. Pinocchio was an imaginary world, yet it worked very real.。
高级英语unit 4片段讲解
They are very different, though they did seem to go on well when they met.
他们大不相同，可是见面后好像确实相处的不错。
opposite effect. 她试着让他平静下来，却似乎火上浇油了。 your opposite number (另一个单位) 与自己职位相等的人 the opposite sex 异性
n. 对立的人，对立面 prep. 与...相对，在...对面 与...合演 She starred opposite Tom Hanks.
continuation 继续，连续(of/ in sth.) This year saw a continuation in the upward trend in sales.
今年销售呈持续增长趋势。 延续部分，续篇 附加物，延续物
continue continual 多次重复的，频繁的 continuous 不断的，持续的
公司以无比的智慧决定关掉职工食堂。 无限的无穷尽的（without limits/ ends） finite 有限的
Imagination, faced with either the end of the world or its continuation, must remain incompelete. Only action can satisfy.
What do we need to meet the more important challenge of eliminating nuclear weapon?
高英Unit 4精华笔记
Unit 4Text 11. dispatchbe dispatched to do sth = be send to do sth 被派遣做某事2. constitute = form/ make up3. in existence 现存的，现有的The temple is the oldest one in existence in China .4 .the name/date/title escapes me 忘记① I recognized her face but her name escapes me.② Nothing escaped his attention.5. methodical / methodically 有条理的、有条理地He does things methodically.6. as it happens 恰巧、正好① As it happens, we have got a room vacant.② I saw him yesterday as it happens.7. It is left sb to do sth 把…事留给某人来做It is left dad to get the packing done.8. artistry9. char10. corpse/corps11. technically speaking= in technical terms12.be branded with 留下…的烙印Each cow was branded with the ranch’s logo.13. cartDon’t put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置14.fireball 火球15.thermal 热的、热能的16.ledge 壁架17.ditch 沟渠18. unearthly19. for good=for good and all=forever20. otherwiseHe reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.21. (VP) the true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared.22.A lies not in sth but in sth 不在于…而在于…23. rubble24. wreckage25.be dotted with 布满、分布The lake was dotted with sailboats.26. absencein the absence of 缺失缺乏～any evidence, the police had to let him go.27. in a flash 瞬间28.c ome into one’s own物尽其用、得到公认、充分发挥其能力①The two folk languages will at last come into their own.②Your suggestion will come into its own.③After many years of hard work, he came into his own.29. stumble30. outskirts31. in certain/some/one respects32. spare sb trouble/difficulty/pain 免除某人的麻烦…They did what they could to spare him any pain.33. intact=entire34. the end of the world= the doomed day 世界末日35. apprehend=fear36. peril=danger37. once and for all= completely38. counterpoise=counterbalanceHis fear of his father is counterpoised by a genuine respect.39. continuation40. none the＋比较级并没有…而…①I am none the wiser for your explanation.我并没有因为你的解释而开窍。
2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(4)
2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（4）lesson4 本身选择死亡方式Lesson Four Die as You Choose制定关于安泰死的法律已经到了不能再回避的地步。
The need for laws on euthanasia cannot be dodged for much longer.在世界上某个较小的国家里，安泰死被医疗机构遍及接受，每年都有数千例公开实施。
In one of the world’s smaller countries，mercy-killing is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year.而在某个世界大国，安泰死虽然经常受到医疗机构的公开谴责，每年却以数倍于此的次数奥秘实施，且从未公之于众。
In one of the world’s biggest countries，euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment，secretly practiced many times more often，and almost never comes to light.但是，在上述阿谁国家有医生因为实施安泰死而在监狱里服刑呢？Which of these countries has a mercy-killing doctor now languishing in its jails？是在小国荷兰。
荷兰制定了有关安泰死的法律，能有效地办理它。
It is the small one，Holland，which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively.那位荷兰的医生违反了他国家的规定。
The Dutch doctor broke his country’s rules.有关安泰死的问题在所有国家都存在，决不仅出现在美国这个禁止安泰死的大国。
高级英语 unit4 language points 最新
Language Points of Unit Fourwait for 1）等待, 等候I've been waiting for the bus for half an hour.我等车已等了半个小时了。
2）观望形势后再作决定, 见风使舵She waited for the cat to jump before she made up her mind.她观望了形势以后才作出决定。
wait for call 等待呼唤I'll call you up at the office tomorrow morning; please wait for my call.我明天上午在办公室给你挂电话，请等我的电话。
wait for dead men's shoes等待别人死去以继承遗产The sons are waiting for dead men's shoes,but their father is still healthy.儿子们等着分遗产，可他们的父母却依然健在。
wait for the cat to jump 观望形势然后行动;看风使舵,随机应变Extend: means prolonged, continued; enl★rged in influence, meaning, scope, etc. Eg: Extended care: nursing care provided for a limited time after a hospital stay///Extended family : a group of relatives by blood, marriage or adoption, often including a nucle★r family, living together, esp. three generations are involved)大家庭,扩大的家庭(如数代同堂的家庭)clay: n.粘土, 泥土, Moist, sticky earth;,as clay in the hands of the potter任凭摆布dead and turned to clay死了Soil n.土壤, The top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rockand mineral particles mixed with organic matter.Eg: Light, water, air and soil are essenti★l to the oilEarth: n., , The softer, friable part of land; soil, especially productive soil.泥：软且易碎的陆地部分；土，尤指肥沃的泥土Mud Wet, sticky, soft earth, as on the b★nks of a river. 泥：湿润、粘而软的泥土，如在河岸上Eg: The wheels are covered with mud.Fine: not coarse, in small particles.1）纤细的She likes to use pencils with fine points; I don't.她喜欢用笔头尖细的铅笔, 我不喜欢。
高级英语Unit4AliceWalker生平
Unit 4Alice Walker was born on February 9, 1944, the eighth and last child of Willie Lee and Minnie Lou Grant Walker, who were sharecroppers. ['ʃeə,krɔpə] <美>佃农When Alice Walker was years old, she lost sight of one eye when one of her older brothers shot her with a BB gunby accident. In high school, Alice Walker was[,vælidik'tɔ:riən]致辞别辞者,辞别演说者of her,外加a"rehabilitation.[,ri:hə,bɪlɪ'teɪʃən]复兴scholarship" made it possible for her to go to Spelman, a college for black women in Atlanta, Georgia. After spending two years at Spelman, she transferred to SarahLawrenceCollege in New York, and during her junior year traveled to Africaas an exchange student. She received her bachelor of arts degreefrom SarahLawrenceCollege in 1965.After finishing college, Walker lived for a short time in New York, then from the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s,she lived in Tougaloo, Mississippi, during which time she had a daughter, Rebecca, in 1969. Alice Walker was active in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's, and in the 1990's she is still an involved activist. She has spoken for the women's movement,the anti-apartheid['æntiə'pɑ:θaid]反种族隔离的movement, for the anti-nuclear movement, and so on.Alice Walker started her own publishing company, Wild Trees Press, in 1984. She currently resides in Northern Californiawith her dog, Marley.She receivedthe Pulitzer Prize in 1983 for The Color Purple.Among her numerous awards and honors are the Lillian Smith Award from theNational Endowment[en'daʊmənt](经常的)资助,捐助;捐助的财物等for the Arts, the Rosenthal['rəuzəntɑ:l](陶瓷)罗森塔尔制造的Award from the National Institute of Arts & Letters, a nomination for the National Book Award, a Radcliffe['rædklif]拉德克利夫(姓氏)Institute Fellowship, a Merrill Fellowship, a Guggenheim ['ɡuɡənhaim]格瓦拉的追随者Fellowship, and the Front Page Award for Best Magazine Criticism from the Newswoman's Club of New York. She also has received the Townsend Prize and a Lyndhurst Prize.紫色?获得普利策文学奖，使艾丽丝·沃克声名鹊起，成为美国历史上第一位获此殊荣的黑人女作家。
高级英语 Unit4 Nettles PPT
• when they first met,she was eight and he was nine. They have a period of happy time when Mike's father worked for her family, such as, they climbed into the cab when it rained. They played the game of war,she made weapons for Mike,and her name was called by Mike. Mike's father's job was all finished.Mike's father would leave the farm and move to another place for the new job, Mike would of course leave with his father.
《纽约客》(The New Yorker)，1925年创刊，周刊，美国纽 豪斯家族属下的康德· 纳斯特出版公司主办。综合文艺类刊物， 内容涉及政治观察、人物介绍、社会动态、电影、音乐戏剧、 书评、小说、幽默散文、艺术、诗歌等方面。该刊强调精品 意识，注重刊物质量，编辑方针严肃认真。 《纽约客》原为 周刊，后改为每年42期周刊加5个双周刊。从创刊伊始， 《纽约客》就特意表明，该杂志面向那些能够欣赏其幽默和 深入报道的读者。它将纽约市作为杂志的中心，使得这个城 市的网络，这个城市对戏剧、电影、博物馆的宠爱都成为一 种具有吸引人的商品。
• Marriage and divorce are both common experiences. In Western cultures, more than 90 percent of people marry by age 50. Healthy marriages are good for couples’ mental and physical health. They are also good for children; growing up in a happy home protects children from mental, physical, educational and social problems. However, about 40 to 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce. The divorce rate for subsequent marriages is even higher.
高英精品人教版必修4Unit4教案
Unit 4 Body LanguageWarming up and reading(一)there dimensional teaching aimsKnowledge and skill:1. Let the students know more about body language.2. Let the students can talk about body language freely.Ability aims:1. Encourage students to think about body language and talk about it.2. Learn to respect other cultures.3. Train students’ speaking ability through individual and group work.Emotional aims:1. To arise students’ interest in learning English.2. Let students have a better understanding of different customs.(二) Teaching important points1. Master language points and can use them to talk about body language.2. Learn to show respect to other cultures.(三) Teaching difficult points1. Talk about body language with partners by using new expressions.2. Have a better understanding of the whole passage.(四) Teaching methods1. Task-based teaching and learning.2. Pair work or group work to make every student learn in class.3. Asking-and- answering activity to help students understand the words andphrases.(五) Teaching aids:Blackboard and PPT(六) Teaching proceduresStep 1 GreetingToday we are going to use a different way to start our class, you guys need look at me and I will do some acting, you guys need do what I want you to do.Step 2 lead-in1. The definition of body language: a form of communication without using anywords.Body language: gesture, eye contact, facial expression, postureStep 3 warming up1. Different ways to meet or partShow some pictures about how to greet and how to say goodbye to each other.2. Do the gestureShow some picture about gesture and give the explanation of its different meanings.Step 4 ReadingTask 1 Fast readingRead the passage carefully and divide the passage into 4 parts. Match the main idea of each part.Para 1 A.Different people have different body language.Para 2&3 B. Summary of body language.Para 4 C. Meet the visitors at the airport.Para 5 D. People from different countries express greetings indifferent ways.Task 2 careful readingRead the first paragraph carefully and finish the T or F questions( T ) 1. Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year'sinternational students.( F ) 2. After an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.( T ) 3. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.Read the second and third paragraph carefully and match the left with the right column.Mr Garcia (Columbia) Julia Smith (Britain)Darlene Coulon (France) Akria Nagata (Japan)George Cook (Canada) 1.shakes hands and kisses others twiceon each cheek2.approaches others closely andtouches their shoulder and kisses them on the cheek3.does not stand very close to others ortouch strangers4.bows5.shakes handFind out the two mistakes the writer found in the airport:He approaches Ms Smith(Columbia)by _______ ______ _________ and_______ her on the ________The firstmistakeJulia Smith from She ______ ________ appearing_________ (Britain) and take a few steps _______ ______ Mr.Garcia.Japanese He ________ to Mr. Cook and his nose_________ Mr. Cook’s _______ ________. The secondmistakeGeorge Cook He ________ ________ _______ ________ tothe Japanese.Task 3. careful readingListen the rest part carefully and choose the right answer.1.Besides spoken language, people also use “unspoken language” through___.A.physical distanceB. actionsC. postureD. all above2. ___ prefer to bow rather than kiss others on the cheek.A.The FrenchB. The JapaneseC. The AmericanD. The Chinese3. Which countries approach others closely expect___.A.AmericaB. SpainC. ItalyD. England4. Why do we need study international customs?A.avoid difficultiesB. for funC.go to study abroadD. international communicationTask 4 Post readingAnswer the following questions1. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” What do you think this famous saying means?This saying means that when we are in a certain place, we should follow the customs of the people who live in that place, not our own customs.2. Did any students have similar greeting customs? If so, which ones?Yes. Tony from Colombia and Darlene from France had a similar greeting custom—a kiss. George from Canada and Ahmed from Jordan also had a similar greeting custom—a handshake, but Ahmed shakes hands only with men.Step 5 DiscussionGive a speech about how different countries greet others. Your speech should include the following information.You may start like this:It is my great honor to give you a speech here.As we all know ,not all cultures greet each other the same way. In France, …It’s necessary to learn about some body language, because it can reduce somemisunderstanding and avoid difficulties in communications. Step 6 Daily sentencesWhen in Rome, do as the Romans doStep 7 EntertainmentCan you guess what the following gesture from Japan means? Step 8 HomeworkRecite the new words of unit 4 and prepare for next period.Finish the exercise I on page 27。
高级英语第二册unit 4
Unit 4John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) 35th president of the United States⏹Family Background Kennedy’s ancestors came from Ireland and he was the first Roman Catholic tobecome president of the U.S. He was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, where his grandfather had been elected to many offices. His father Joseph P. Kennedy became the youngest bank president of the country at the age of 25. On September 12, 1953, Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier were married. They had three children.He wrote "Profiles in Courage",《勇敢者传略》which won a Pulitzer prize.↗1947-1952 served as representative in the congress 1952 elected to the senate↗1960 won the Democratic nomination for president and defeated Richard Nixon, Republican Assassination His assassination at Dallas in November 1963 was a shock from which the U.S. has found it hard to recover and the murder is still a riddle. In 1963, Kennedy journeyed to Texas for a speech-making tour. on November 22, he and his wife were cheered as their open car passed through the streets. Suddenly, at 12:30 in the afternoon, an assassin fired several shots, striking the president twice in the base of the neck and the head. Kennedy was rushed to Hospital, where he was pronounced dead about a half hour later. Within two hours, Vice president Johnson took the oath as president.⏹Contributions1. His most important act was his successful demand on Oct.22, 1962 that the Soviet Union dismantle its missile bases in Cuba.2. He established a quarantine(隔离检疫期) of arms shipments to Cuba3. He defied Soviet attempts to force the Allies out of Berlin.4. He made the steel industry rescind(废除) a price rise.5. He backed: civil rights movements; a mental health program; arbitration of railroad disputes; expanded medical care for the aged; astronaut flights and satellite orbitingLincoln and Kennedy⏹Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.⏹Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960.⏹The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.⏹Both were particularly concerned with civil rights.⏹Both wives lost their children while living in the White House.⏹Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.shot in the head.⏹Lincoln’s secretary was named Kennedy. Kennedy’s secretary was named Lincoln.⏹Both were assassinated by Southerners.Both were succeeded by Southerners.⏹Both successors were named Johnson.⏹Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.⏹Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.⏹John Wilkes Booth, accused of assassinating Lincoln, was born in 1839.⏹Lee Harvey Oswald, accused of assassinating Kennedy, was born in 1939.⏹Both names comprise fifteen lettersInauguration Day On April 30,1789, George Washington stepped onto a balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, placed his hand on a Bible and swore to “preserve, protest and defend the constitution of the United States”. He then read an earnest speech, calling for “united and effective government”. Thus began a unique American institution—Inauguration Day—those dramatic hours when a new president faces the people for the first time. He must tell the people what he’s going to do as president.The Inauguration Day has been on January 20 since 1937.⏹Inaugural Address Memorable words have been uttered in inaugural address. It is a speech, lectureofficially made by a person on taking office.⏹General Analysis of a Political SpeechThe purpose of a political speech is to explain, convince and persuade the people that what he is saying and planning to do best represents their interests so they should support him.1. He must try every possible means to arouse the feelings of audience. What he says represents the interests of the whole people. successful appeal to the emotion of the audience2. specific policy The speech must contain high-sounding words and empty promises3. The speech must be concise and short4. clever-choice of words to convey different meanings/tones.5. the use of biblical style to make it formal/ rigid.6. the use of a lot of rhetorical devices to make his address as powerful/ impressive as possibleAs President of the United States, Kennedy has to address a worldwide audience. He has to appeal not only to the American people but also to the different groups of nations in the international community⏹Social Background Kennedy became President in 1960’sCold war marks the situation in 1960’s. The world is mainly divided into two hostile camps.1)socialist camp—headed by the Soviet Union2) capitalist camp—headed by the U.S.Kennedy was an eloquent speaker. He is specially trained. This speech is very powerful and wonderful. He lays his emphasis on the successful appeal to the emotion of the listeners. In fact, most Americans regard his inaugural address as one of the best delivery by an American President.Section I (paras.1-5)Introduction, the general statement of the basic policy of the USSection II (paras.6-10) He addresses different groups of allied nations and would-be allied nations; friends and would-be friends.Section III (paras.11-20) His specific policy toward the enemy.1. point out the danger2. point out he position of strength3. point out the situation and need.Both sides feel uneasy. a) Both sides are overburdened with the cost of modern weapons.b) Both sides are anxious with the wide spread arms.c) Both try to change the uncertain balance of military power.⏹Proposals: 1. control arms 2 . use science for peace purpose 3. enjoy human rightsObject: to make a new world orderSection IV (paras.21-27) conclusionHe calls on the Americans to support him and to sacrifice their lives for their country. He calls on the people of the whole world to unit and work for the freedom of menDetailed Study of the TextPara.1: Kennedy is emphasizing the importance of his election as president. It is not simply a victory of the Democratic Party over the Republican Party. It celebrates the freedom of people to elect freely their own head of state. It symbolizes the end of one presidential term (that of Eisenhower) and the beginning of a new term (that of Kennedy). The presidency or the office of president is renewed.1.freedom: We celebrate freedom. People in the US are free to choose their president.2.end: the end of Eisenhower’s presidential term3.beginning: the beginning of Kennedy’s presidential term4.renewal: the continuation of presidency and office of president5.change: the change from Eisenhower to Kennedy6.solemn oath: refer to an extremely formal and inspiring religious ritual. very serious.7. a century and three-quarters ago: The first presidential oath taken by Washington on April 30, 1789⏹Para.2: the general situation of this worldQuestion: In what way is the world different? The world is different in the way of science and technology. People have modern and advanced science and technology.☐power: the power of science and technologyScience can be used to get rid of poverty. Science can be used to destroy all human beingsEg. Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.☐Man has made great progress in science and technology so he has the power (scientific farming, speedy transportation, mass production, etc.) to abolish poverty, but he also has the power (missiles, bombs, nuclear weapons, etc.) to destroy human life. Hence the world is different now.revolutionary belief: it refers to a passage in the American Declaration of Independence: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of HappinessAnd yet the same... around the globe:Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.⏹Para.3: general policy of the US☐People in the US must keep and defend human rights not only in the US but also in the world as well. We dare not... first revolution: We dare not forget that we are the descendants of those who fought the war of independence. Hence we must always bear in mind the beliefs and ideals our ancestors fought and died for. We must be prepared, if necessary, to fight and die for them today.torch: metaphor. Its original reference is to the Olympic Games before which a torch is carried from runner to runner. Here it refers to “inspirations and ideals”.temper: v. to cause to become firm 使变坚韧tempered by war: The Americans of the 20th century fought two world wars, so they are well tempereddisciplined: received training that developed self control and characterhard and bitter peace: peace but cold war, hence “hard and bitter’’to witness or permit the slow undoing: to see or allow the gradual abolishing of⏹Para.4: strong determination. Kennedy puts the US in the position of the world leader, and he says inorder to keep human rights, “we shall pay any price, bear any burden, ...”.☐The address is to both friends and foes. It promises to support any friend and to oppose any foe.The phrases “pay any price, bear any burden and meet any hardship” are intended to shore up the waning confidence of her allies as much as to warn any prospective foe.⏹Para.5: transition A one sentence paragraph that functions as a transition from the general to thespecific. In the following paragraphs he will be addressing different specific groups of nations.⏹Para.6: the specific policy toward his friends and would-be friendsTo those old allies…split asunder:In this paragraph Kennedy addresses the white European countries in general but his words are specifically directed to the English-speaking Anglo-Saxon countries, such as Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, with whom the United States shares a common cultural and spiritual heritage.ally: n. a country that has a treaty or an agreement to help and support another country, allied: ad. the Allied and Associated Powers (World War I)cultural and spiritual origins: Greek, Roman and Nordic mythology, literature, art, music etc.Later these nations were linked closer by the spiritual tie of Christianity.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures: United and working togetherwe can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.United we can do everything. Divided we can do nothingpowerful challenge: a strong, powerful threat posed by the socialist camp.If we are quarreling and split apart, we can not compete with the strong, powerful enemy in front of us Those two have been at odds with one another for ages. 那两个人合不来已经很久了。
Keys to Exercises4高级英语第四单元课后题答案
1. 他指出，想要简洁明了地表达自己观点的 时候，他总会遇到很大的困难，但是达尔 文认为正是这个困难，促使他对每一个句 子进行长时间和有针对性的思考，同时也 使他得以在观察和推理中发现错误。这也 就使他具有了相对优势。
In my opinion, doing more is better than promising more, since people are willing to be served sincerely. What we should lay more emphasis on is what we do and how we can virtually improve the level of service. Only in this way can we make people satisfied with what we do.
Writing(2019)
VII
As can be seen from the cartoon, a
hen is making promises that her eggs are all
round and consist of shells, egg whites and
yolks. We all know that hen’s duty is to lay
Language Points： 1. charge 指责 2. reasoning 推理 3. well founded 理由充分的；有根据的
3. 另一方面，达尔文并不接受一些批评家对 他的指责（尽管这些指责经过了充分论 证），即虽然达尔文善于观察，但是他并 不善于推理。