重点所要背诵的短语动词 2014整理版

重点所要背诵的短语动词（1）根据四年全国及各省市高考单项选择题中考查所涉及到的短语动词的统计，我们建议考生2014复习迎接高考中重点所要背诵的短语动词如下：1. 以a开头的动词为中心的词组act as 担任……职务，起……作用（=serve as）accuse sb. of sth (= charge sb with sth) 控告/指控某人做了某事add to 加入；加到；增加add up 加起来add up to 加起来达……,合计达……adapt…to使……适应adjust…to使……适应agree with 同意某人意见（接sb.或idea, view等）；(气候、食物等)适合(某人)的健康(或体质)；与……一致Eg: This climate does not agree with him.agree to (one’s plan/ proposal) 同意某人的计划或提议answer for sth. 对……负责; 因…遭受惩罚apply for 申请，请求attach…to…将……系在…..，使隶属/附属于……，将……缚在……attach great importance to…认为……重要approve of赞成因……向某人道歉apologize to sb for sthbe absorbed in 埋头于……，专心于……be accustomed to doing sth (=get/be used to doing sth) 习惯于……be addicted to (doing) sth.沉迷于/沉溺于……，迷恋……be admitted to/into.. 获准进入……，被……录取2.以break为中心的词组break away from…从…脱离，打破break down 出故障，抛锚；（身体、精神）垮掉；分解break in 插话；打断（cut in /interrupt）break into 闯入；破门而入；break out （战争、火灾、瘟疫等）爆发，发生；（vi）break off （使某物）折断，突然停止break through 突破break up 破碎；解散，分解; vi. 结束（break up with sb. 与…分手）3.以bring /build为中心的词组bring about引起，导致，使发生bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒）bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下/落下bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价[比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降/上涨]bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入）bring on 发展，引起，导致，bring out出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用bring …to an end 使……结束bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施）bring up 抚养，培养；呕吐；提出build up增加，增进，树立；逐步建立（Eg: build up our body 增强体质）burst into tears/laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑burst out crying / laughing 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑例如：A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of therainforests.American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s.Stress can bring on (=lead to / result in) headaches and other illnesses.He was brought up by his grandparents.4．以call为中心的词组：call at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地）[比较：call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人）]call for 要求，需要；去接某人(pick sb up )call / shout for help 呼救call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话call off 取消（cancel ）call on / upon 号召;(call on/upon sb to do sth.) ; 拜访（某人）call up 给……打电话，使人想起，号召例如：We called at Mike’s house yesterday.I’ll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl.Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.Call me up tomorrow; my number is 536291.Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.5.以come为中心的词组：：come about（vi）发生，产生come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见come into being（vi）形成，产生come into use（vi）开始使用come on 加油，来吧，赶快，得了吧come out 露出，出来，出现，被出版，发（芽），（花）开come over to…从一个地方来到另一个地方come to …来到，提及，达到，共计，苏醒come to an end 结束，终止come to know 逐渐地知道come to life （变得）活泼，苏醒过来come to light 显露，为人所知come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉come to / into power 当权，上台come true（vi）变为现实，成为事实(Eg: make one’s dream come true )come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来come up to sb 朝某人走来come up with …提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上例如：A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand (= with a book in his hand).The law first came into being in 1912.By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.How long is it since the electronic computer came into use?The button came off, but he didn’t notice it. (脱落)The trees turn green and flowers come out.This magazine comes out once a month.Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made.If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned.I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’l l come to me later.The bill came to £480 in total.His dream of becoming a film star came true at last.A child came up to me and showed me the way.The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.（6）cut短语：cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减cut in 插嘴(break in)cut in line 插队（jump queues）cut off 切断；中断（供应）cut … into pieces / halves 把……切成碎片/切成两半cut out 删除，剪下来；删去；停止；关掉cut the cost of …降低……的成本cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉例如：A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.The electricity was cut off because of the storm.He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.Could you cut the pizza up, please?（7）do短语：do a good deed 做一件好事do an experiment / experiments 做实验do away with 废除do one’s best 尽某人最大努力do one’s homework 做作业do research on…从事……研究工作do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事do telephone interviews 进行电话采访do the laundry 洗衣服do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头do well / better in…在……方面干得好/更好do with 处理，处置，对付（与what搭配使用）例如：I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on.What did you do with that camera you found?The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.Eat more fruit; it will do good to you.I think I can do better in English this year than last year.I’m going to do my best this year.I was only trying to do a good deed.（8）get短语：get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国get a full mark / full marks 得满分get around = get about 四处走动，（消息等）传开get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离get away from 逃脱，逃离get back 回来，取回，找回，退还get close to 接近get down 下来，降下get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事）get in 进入，收割get in a word 插话get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得get off 下车，脱下（衣服等）get on 上车，过活get on / along with…进展，与…相处get over 克服，恢复，原谅get up 起床，起身get across 使…被理解，通过get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）get ready for 为……做准备（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为……做好了准备）get rid of 除掉，去掉get sb to do让某人做get together 相聚，碰头，联欢get / be used to sth 习惯于…，适应于…（比较：be used for sth 被用于……，用来做……be used to do sth 被用于做……used to do sth 过去常常做get / be dressed 穿衣服get / be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚get / be lost 丢失了，迷路get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （与某人）结婚get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难get / be tired of对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣（比较：get tired for/with… 因……而感到疲倦）例如：I’m getting on well with my classmates now.How are you getting along with your English?Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.The conductor got off and checked the rails.She got on her bicycle and cycled off.If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him.She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.It’s time we got down to work（n.）.The peasants are busy getting in the crops.We didn’t get up until lunch time.He got up and walked over to the window.（9）give短语：give away 赠送，泄露，分发give back 归还，送回give in 投降，让步，屈服give off 释放，发出，放出(烟、光、热等) give out 用完，耗尽，分发give up 放弃，辞去give a concert 开音乐会give / make/ deliver a speech 演讲，讲话give a talk 演讲，做报告give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告例如：Remember not to give it away to anyone else; it’s a secret.Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.Could you give us some advice on reading?（10）go短语：go abroad 出国go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访go against 违反，违背go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面go / walk around 四处走走go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去go down 下来，落下，倒下go down on one’s knees跪下go for 为…去，努力获取，主张，适用于go in for 参加，喜欢go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响go on 发生，进行，继续go / be on diet 在节食go on (a) holiday 去度假go out 熄灭，出去，外出go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）[比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）go on with sth 继续某事]go out 熄灭，出去，外出go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登go with…与……相配go without忍受没有……之苦，没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付go through经历，经受，浏览，仔细检查go to town 进城go to a movie 去看电影go home / there 回家/去那儿go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生go bad 变坏go wrong 出毛病，不对头，go Dutch各付各的帐，平摊费用例如：No one dared to go against the rules.—Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window?—No, go ahead.I’m afraid the fish has gone bad.Things will get easier as time goes by.He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.If you really want the job, go for it!I go in for all the competitions.After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.Suddenly the candle went out.Let’s go over what we learned last period.Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.It is possible to go without food for a few days.Something’s gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired.（11）have短语：have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧have a gift for…对……有天赋（比较：have a reputation for…有……名誉/名声）have a good knowledge of …对……很熟悉，通晓……have a good laugh over…对……笑了个够have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快have a / the habit of …= be in a / the habit of…有……的习惯（比较：get into / form the habit of…养成……的习惯get sb into the habit of…使某人养成……的习惯）have a hit风靡一时have a large population 人口众多have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定have an effect on / upon…对……有影响，对……产生作用（比较：influence… = affect …对……有影响have no effect / influence on …对……没有影响have a good / bad effect on …对……有好/坏影响）have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光have//get// obtain access to …有使用（接近……的）权利或机会have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭have mercy on…宽恕……，对……仁慈，对……表示怜悯have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事have none of …根本不理睬……have on 穿着have some difficulty / trouble with …在……有困难have some difficulty / trouble (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦]have something / nothing in common (with…) （与……）有共同点／没有共同之处（比较：have much / a lot in common with…与……有许多相同之处have little in common with…与……几乎没有相同之处）have something / nothing to do with …与……有关／无关have to = have got to 不得不，必须例如：Dad and I had a good laugh over that.They are having a good time.Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会hold back 退缩，阻挡，隐瞒；阻止hold one’s breath屏息，不出气hold on 等一等，不要挂电话hold on to坚持；紧握hold out 伸出，坚持下去；维持hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起例如：Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back.—Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please.The little boy held out his hands.I think w ater supplies won’t hold out much longer.Sorry, I’m late. I was held up at work.Chairman Mao wanted women to hold up half the sky（13）keep短语：keep away from 避开，别靠近keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止，留下keep off 勿踏，勿踩keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近…keep on 继续进行keep out 不得入内keep…out 把…挡在外面keep out of …不进入……keep up 继续，保持，使（情绪等）不低落keep up with…跟上catch up with…追上，赶上keep a date 赴约keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食keep a record / records 保持记录keep an eye on 照看；留意；密切注视（比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意）keep…in mind =learn…by heart= remember… = memorize 把……记住keep doing sth 继续不停地做某事[比较：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事keep sb. from doing 阻止……做，不让……做stop / prevent sb (from) doing 预防/阻止……做，不让……做]keep one’s appointment 守约（比较：break one’s appointment 违约）keep one’s balance 保持平衡keep one’s words (promise) 遵守诺言keep the same look 保持原貌keep watch 保持警戒，站岗例如：I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth. You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words.Danger! Keep out!The good news keeps our spirits up.Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch. There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”（14）knock短语：knock at /on 敲打（门、窗等）knock down 把……撞倒，击倒knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰见knock over 撞翻，撞倒例如：He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr. White.If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door.look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照镜子look after 照顾，照料，照看look ahead 向前看，展望未来look around / about 四处看看，四下环顾look back 回首，回忆，回顾过去look back on…回顾……，回忆……look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事look into…往……里面看，浏览; 调查( =investigate )look (right) into sb’s eyes 直视着look on 旁观，观望look like…看起来像……（比较：look the same 看起来像）look out = be careful = take care 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防look out for 警惕，留心，找出来look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习look up 仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查寻look up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比较：look down on / upon sb 瞧不起，鄙视）look / be worried 看上去/感到担心例如：He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city.We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.Join us. Don’t just look on.They all looked on him as a member of their family.Look out! There is danger ahead.He looked through his notes before writing the report.Look through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.I must look up the time of your train.I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.（16）make短语：make into 制成，做成（后面跟产品，制成品）[比较：be made in 在……生产/制造be made of 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（看得出原料）be made from 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（看不出原料）be made up of = consist of 由……组成，由……构成]make out 理解，辨认出make up 化妆；编造，虚构；构成，组成；弥补make up for 弥补，补充，补偿made up one’s mind 下决心make a choice 做出选择make a commitment 承诺，保证make a comment / comments (on / upon…) （对……）发表评论make a (great) contribution to…为……做出（巨大）贡献，为……捐款make a decision 做出决定make a (no) difference （没）有关系/影响make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人（比较：make fool of …愚弄）make / leave / create a good impression (on sb) （给某人）留下好印象make a noise 制造噪音，发出令人不愉快的声音make a promise 承诺make a record 录制唱片，做记录（比较：record a song 录一首歌set a world record 创造世界记录）make a suggestion (on …) 提出（关于……）的建议make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵make friends with sb 与某人交朋友make fun of…取笑，嘲笑，和……开玩笑make it（事业上）获得成功make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气make oneself known使自己被认识/出名make progress (in …) （在……方面）取得进步make sense有意义，有道理，讲得通make sense of…弄懂……的意思make sth to (one’s own) measure （按自己的尺寸）定做make sure 确保，确认，查明make (full) use of …=make the most / best of … (充分)利用例如：Bamboo is also made into paper.Our desks and chairs are made of wood.The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood.This engine is made up of 490 parts.The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence.Everyone should make full use of time.They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.（17）pass短语：pass away 去世，死（委婉说法）pass by 通过，从旁边经过pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传pass on (to sb) 转交给(某人)，传给(某人) pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上例如：Dr Johnson passed away last night.They all waved to us as they passed by.The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.She said she’d pass the message on to the other students.（18）pay短语：pay attention to (doing) sth… 对……注意，留心……pay a visit to sb / a place = pay sb / some place a visit 拜访（某人），参观（某地）pay back 偿还（借款），报答，报复pay（sb）（money）for sth 因…付款/付费(给某人)pay off还清（欠款）; 取得成功；得到好结果pay the bill 买单，付帐单例如：He promised to pay the money back by Friday.The old in our city don’t need to pay for transport.After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last.Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.（19）pick短语：pick out 挑选，认出pick up 拾起；接收；偶然学会（语言）；开车去接；(天气等)转好；（火车等）加速例如：His story was picked out as the best by the judges.The phone rang and I picked it up.I’ll pick you up at the station.I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.After a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier.I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.（20）put短语：put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存，存起来put down 扑灭，平息，镇压，记下put forward 提出，推举出put off 延期，拖延（=delay）put on （戏）上演，穿上put out 扑灭，熄灭，伸出，生产put up 挂起，张贴，举起，供给…住宿put up with 忍受，容忍put／translate…into…把……译成put one’s heart into…全神贯注于put sb in / into prison 把某人关进监狱put …to use 使用…，运用…put an end to …结束……put …together 把……放在一起例如：We put away the tools before we leave the workshop.Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.We are putting the play on again next week owing to its success.The firemen soon put the fire out.The doctor told me to put out my tongue.It’s time that we put up the Christmas decorations（装饰物）in the living room.Drop your weapons and put your hands up.Another supermarket has been put up near our house.I can’t put up with a lot of noisy people when I am working.As students, we should put our heart into studies.（21）send短语：send for sb 派人去请某人，请某人来send out 派遣，发出（信号、通知等）send up 发射，射出，往上送send signals by …通过……发送信号例如：Get back into bed. I’ll send for the doctor.The ship is in danger; it is sending out an SOS signal.The rocket will be sent up tomorrow morning.（22）set短语：set about (doing) sth 着手，开始（=set out to do 开始做，着手做）set aside 留出，拨出；把…搁/放在一边set down 放下，记下set off 出发，引起爆炸，激起，引起set out (for…) 出发往（……），动身去（……）set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起set /give a (good) example to sb (to follow)…为……树立（好）榜样set a goal 设定目标set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧set foot on / in…踏上，到达，进入set one’s mind to do sth 一心想做set sail for 起航去……set sail from 从……起航set sb a good example (in …) 在……为某人树立榜样set sb free 释放某人，解放某人( release sb.)例如：As soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up（整理）the room.Try to set aside some time each day for exercise.They’ve set off on a trip round the world.Together the four men set out to look for the lost animal.（23）stand短语：stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人stand for 代表，表示，象征，（represent代表; on behalf of…代表）stand out 突出，显眼(outstanding 杰出的；突出的)stand still = stay still 站着不动例如：CPC stands for the Communist Party of China.Stand still, and let me take a picture of you.（24）take短语：take after sb. 与某人相像take along 带领，携带take … apart = separate … 把……分开take away 拿走，拿去，使离开take away from…从……带／拿走take back 退回，拿回take down 拿下，记下，记录take for…当作…，误以为是…take in吸收，理解，欺骗；改短take off起飞；脱掉；（观念、产品等）突然大受欢迎；（产品销量）急升take on呈现；承担；雇用take over 继承，接管，接替take up从事，开始，占去（时间、空间、地位等）；继续take a chance / chances 碰运气，冒险【take a risk / risks 冒险】take a critical attitude towards…对……持批判态度take a message (to sb) （给某人）捎个口信【比较：leave a message (to sb) （给某人）留个口信】take a photo (of …) （给……）照相，拍（……）照片take a shower 沐浴，洗澡take a taxi to... = go to ...by taxi 乘出租车take (an) interest in … 对……感兴趣【比较：be into… = be interested in 对……感兴趣have / show interest in 对……感兴趣】take advantage of 对……加以利用(make use of… )take … by surprise对……突然袭击，出乎……意料take care 小心, 注意take care of 照顾，照看(look after /attend to) take effect 生效，奏效take exercise 运动，活动take … for example 以……为例take / get / catch hold of 握住，抓住take it easy 放心好了，别着急，从容，不紧张take ... into consideration顾及，考虑到（under consideration 在考虑中）take one’s time 从容，不急，慢慢行动[比较：take time 花费（时间）]take part 参加【take part in… = join in… = participate in…参加……take an active part in…积极参加……】take place 发生，出现，举行【take the place of … = take sb’s place 取代，代替（某人的位置）】take pride in …= be proud of…对……感到自豪take responsibility for … = be responsible for …对……负起责任It takes … to do sth做…需要（某物）Eg: It takes patience to do the work well.take steps / measures / action to do sth采取措施做某事take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事例如：I’m sorry. I’ll take back what I said.Take care! The car is coming.My plane takes off at 11:00 sharp.The new dictionary has really taken off.（观念、产品等）突然大受欢迎Sales of home computers have taken off in recent years. （产品销量）急升We can’t have such a big table in this small room. It takes up too much room.After a pause for a drink, I took up my story just where I had left off.继续停止（stop）（25）think短语：think about 思考，考虑（是否去做）think of 想到，想起，认为think out 想出think over 仔细考虑think up 提出，想出，设计出think twice 再三考虑，仔细考虑think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise for 对…高度评价例如：I’m sorry. I can’t think out your name.When I was in the States, I often thought of my friend Li Hua.Think it over, and you’ll find a way.（26）turn短语：turn around / round 转身，转过来；使…好转turn … away 赶走……，辞退……，把……打发走turn on 打开（灯，气，水，电器等）turn off 关掉（灯，气，水，电器等）// cut off // switch off 切断（电源等）turn up 把音量开大; 卷起，翻起; 出现(appear // show up )turn down 关小/调低（音量／热度）; 拒绝( refuse // decline )turn over把……翻过来，翻动，犁翻（土地），细想turn in 交进，上缴，归还turn into 变成;turn…into…把…变成…，转变成turn to…转向…，向…求助，查阅turn out 结果是，生产；（为看热闹）蜂拥而出；在场/露面/出席turn out to be证明是, 结果是, 原来是turn right / left 向右/向左拐turn writer = become a writer 成为作家例如：A vast crowd turned out to watch the match. 大群的观众到场观看比赛。