英语语法专有名词中英文对照说法

英语语法专有名词中英文对照说法

最近有同学反应，上外教课时，有些语法问题要和老师沟通，却不知道一些语法专有名词的英文怎么说，于是，只能用一大串英语来描述一个专有名词。例如，同学想问形容词的用法时，不会“形容词” 的英语说法，只好把问题这么描述:：“What are the rules of the words that are used to describe a person or thing?”

其实，the words that are used to describe a person or thing 指的就是形容词, 形容词的英文说法是“adjective”. 有鉴于此，现在把英文语法的专有名词说法，整理如下，同学花个

常用英语语法术语表达

语法grammar

句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank

句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech

单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word

派生词derivative 复合词compound

词性part of speech

名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun

介词preposition 连词conjunction 数词numeral 基数词cardinal

序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb

助动词auxiliary verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb

非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree

时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct

连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb

代词pronoun 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb

不规则动词irregular verb 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun

形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article

不定冠词indefinite article 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form

限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form

从句clause

从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause

定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause

主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause

时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition

非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition

错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子sentence

简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence 复合句complex sentence

并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence

疑问句interrogative sentence 一般疑问句general question