英语中的专有名词_名词 英语语法.doc
(完整版)英语语法专业术语
英语语法专业术语语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite物主代词possessive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern句子成分members of sentences 主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic动名词gerund连字号hyphen祈使语气imperative mood祈使句imperative sentences独立成分indefinite case主句indicative mood物质名词material nouns句子的成分members of the sentence 情态动词modal verbs语气mood词法morphology否定疑问句negative interrogative sentence动词的非限定形式non-finite forms of the verb非限制性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clauses 括号brackets名词的分类classification of nouns从句（分句）clauses同源宾语cognate object集体名词collective nouns冒号colon逗号comma普通格common case普通名词common nouns比较级comparative degree复合宾语complex Object复合句complex sentences并列复合句compound complex sentences表性状的复合谓语compound nominal predicate复合谓语compound predicate并列句compound sentences表行为的复合谓语compound verbal predicate合成词compound words合成compounding ( composition )错综时间条件句conditional sentences of mixed time 连词conjunction连接副词conjunctive adverbs连接代词conjunctive pronouns转化conversion并列连词co-coordinating conjunctions可数名词countable nouns破折号dash陈述句declarative sentences定冠词definite article比较的级别degrees of comparison指示代词demonstrative pronouns派生（词缀法）derivation ( affixation )描绘性定语descriptive attributes呼语direct address直接宾语direct object直接引语direct speech反意问句disjunctive questions省略ellipsis省略句elliptical sentences感叹号exclamation mark感叹句exclamatory sentences动词的限定形式finite forms of the verb虚词form words分数词fractional numerals完全倒装full inversion将来进行时future continuous一般将来时future indefinite将来完成时future perfect将来完成进行时future perfect continuous独立结构absolute constructions物主代词的绝对形式absolute forms of possessive pronouns 抽象名词abstract nouns主动语态active voice方式状语从句adverbial clauses of manner地点状语从句adverbial clauses of place目的状语从句adverbial clauses of purpose时间状语从句adverbial clauses of time程度副词adverbs of degree频度副词adverbs of frequency方式副词adverbs of manner地点副词adverbs of place时间副词adverbs of time选择问句alternative questions句子分析analysis of sentences省略号apostrophe同谓语appositive同位语从句appositive clauses助动词auxiliary verbs插入语parenthesis部分倒装partial inversion分词短语participial phrases分词participle小品词particle词类parts of speech过去式past forms过去分词past participle句号period ( full stop )人称person人称代词personal pronouns成语动词phrasal verbs谓语predicate表语predicative表语从句predicative clauses前缀prefix(es)介词短语prepositional phrases现在式present forms现在分词present participle动词的主要形式principal forms of verbs专有名词proper nouns标点符号punctuation问号question mark引号quotation mark相互代词reciprocal pronouns不定代词indefinite Pronouns关系副词relative adverbs关系代词relative pronouns限制性定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 自身代词self pronouns分号semicolon真实条件句sentences of real condition虚拟条件句sentences of unreal condition时态的呼应sequence of tenses特殊问句special questions虚拟语气subjunctive mood后缀suffix(es)最高级superlative degree句法syntax句型的转换transformation of sentences双部句two-member sentences不可数名词uncountable nouns动词短语verbal phrases名词化的动词verbal noun构词法word building。
英语语法专有名词中英对应名称
英语语法专有名词中英对应名称语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 形容词adjective副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form \原形base form从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause 主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence 简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence 疑问句interrogative sentence 一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question 选择疑问句alternative question基本句型basic sentence pattern 句子成分members of sentences主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 双宾语dual object 直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object 同源宾语cognate object补语complement 主补subject complement宾补object complement 表语predicative定语attribute 同位语appositive状语adverbial 句法关系syntactic relationship并列coordinate 从属subordination修饰modification 前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification 限制restriction双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number 单数形式singular form复数形式plural form 规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form普通格common case 所有格possessive case主格nominative case 宾格objective case性gender第一人称first person 第二人称second person第三人称third person 时态tense过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense 一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense 现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense 将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense 过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice 陈述语气indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood 否定negation否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation语序order 自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion 全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion 直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech 自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech 一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement 概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity。
高中英语语法名词
名词一、名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
1、专有名词：主要指人名，地方,机构或者某类人或者事物的名称。
如：China, Li lei，Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写2、普通名词：是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 1）. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西可以指具体的人或物。
Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments也可指抽象东西。
Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream2.）Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
常见的不可数名词：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ，housework, equipment ,absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labor, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作）最常见的不可数名词A. Abstract 抽象名词advice 建议age 年老beauty 美丽capitalism 资本主义communism 共产主义democracy 民主energy 能源fun 乐趣happiness 幸福help 帮助honesty 诚实information 信息justice 正义kindness 善knowledge 知识laughter 笑声liberty 自由life 生命、生物、活力play 玩recreation 娱乐strength 实力trouble 麻烦truth 真理virtue 美德wisdom 智慧work 工作youth 青年B. Matter, material 物质名词air 空气beer 啤酒blood 血液bread 面包butter 黄油cake 蛋糕chalk 粉笔cheese 奶酪coal 煤coffee 咖啡electricity 电力fog 雾fish 鱼gold 黄金grass 草hair 头发ice 冰ink 油墨iron 铁juice 果汁lumber 木材meat 肉milk 牛奶oil 油oxygen 氧气paper 纸rain 雨rice 水稻smoke 烟雾snow 雪soap 肥皂soup 汤sugar 糖tea 茶water 水wine 葡萄酒wood 木C. Generic terms 属类business 商业change 零钱equipment 设备fruit 水果furniture 家具jewelry 珠宝luggage 行李machinery 机械mail 邮件money 金钱news 新闻propaganda 宣传scenery 风景slang 俚语stationery 文具traffic 交通vegetation 植被weather 天气D. Subject matter 学科architecture 建筑art 艺术chemistry 化学civics 市政学economics 经济学engineering 工程English 英语geology 地质学grammar 语法history 历史literature 文学mathematics 数学music 音乐philosophy 哲学physics 物理学science 科学technology 技术vocabulary 词汇E. Sports and recreation 运动和休闲baseball 棒球basketball 篮球bridge 桥牌camping 露营dancing 跳舞drinking 饮酒football 足球golf 高尔夫hiking 远足hockey 曲棍球homework 家庭作业hunting 狩猎opera 歌剧sailing 帆船singing歌唱softball 垒球swimming 游泳television 电视traveling 旅行volleyball 排球F. Countable and non-countable nouns 一词多意要具体对待age 年老/年龄baseball (and other balls) 棒球（运动）/（一个）棒球（和其他球）beer (and other drinks) 啤酒（物质）/（一杯）啤酒（和其他饮料）business 商业/公司change 找零/变改company 陪伴/公司dope 毒品/傻瓜glass 玻璃/玻璃杯、眼镜iron 铁/熨斗paper 纸/文件play 玩耍/戏剧room 空间/房间smoke 烟雾/香烟tape 胶带（材料）/胶带物体）tea 茶叶/下午茶work 工作/着作youth 青春/青年人3）. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。
英语语法：名词的分类
一般来说，名词根据意义可分为普通名词和专有名词，根据形式可分为简单名词和复合名词。
一、普通名词
表示一类人或物，或表示某种物体名称或抽象概念的名词为普通名词。
普通名词包括个体名词和集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。
通常个体名词和集体名词视为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词视为不可数名词。
1、个体名词
表示某类人或事物中的个体的名词称为个体名词。
2、集体名词
表示若干个个体组合而成的集合体的名词称为集体名词。
3、物质名词
表示无法分为个体实物的名词成为物质名词，有固体、液体、气
体三种形态。
4、抽象名词
表示人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念以及学科、
疾病等的名词成为抽象名词。
二、专有名词
表示特定的个人、地方、机构、组织、星期、月份、节日等名称的词称为专有名词。
一般第一个字母都要大写。
专有名词中每一个单词的第一个字母一般都要大写，其中冠词和部分较短的介词可以不大写，也可以将所有的字母动要大写。
三、复合名词。
单个名词称为简单名词，而由单个名词加一个或一个以上的名词或其他词类组成的词称为复合名词。
英语语法名词用法(DOC)
初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类: 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1.名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如: boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2.代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。
如: who, she, you, it .3.形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4.数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。
如: one, two, three, first,second, third, fourth.5.动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。
如: am, is,are,have,see .6.副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如: now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..): 用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如: a, an, the.8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如: oh, well, hi, hello.2.句子成分: 英语句子成分分为七种: 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1.主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如: I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2.谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day.(杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
英语语法专业术语
英语语法专业术语语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite物主代词possessive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern句子成分members of sentences 主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic动名词gerund连字号hyphen祈使语气imperative mood祈使句imperative sentences独立成分indefinite case主句indicative mood物质名词material nouns句子的成分members of the sentence 情态动词modal verbs语气mood词法morphology否定疑问句negative interrogative sentence动词的非限定形式non-finite forms of the verb非限制性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clauses 括号brackets名词的分类classification of nouns从句（分句）clauses同源宾语cognate object集体名词collective nouns冒号colon逗号comma普通格common case普通名词common nouns比较级comparative degree复合宾语complex Object复合句complex sentences并列复合句compound complex sentences表性状的复合谓语compound nominal predicate复合谓语compound predicate并列句compound sentences表行为的复合谓语compound verbal predicate合成词compound words合成compounding ( composition )错综时间条件句conditional sentences of mixed time 连词conjunction连接副词conjunctive adverbs连接代词conjunctive pronouns转化conversion并列连词co-coordinating conjunctions可数名词countable nouns破折号dash陈述句declarative sentences定冠词definite article比较的级别degrees of comparison指示代词demonstrative pronouns派生（词缀法）derivation ( affixation )描绘性定语descriptive attributes呼语direct address直接宾语direct object直接引语direct speech反意问句disjunctive questions省略ellipsis省略句elliptical sentences感叹号exclamation mark感叹句exclamatory sentences动词的限定形式finite forms of the verb虚词form words分数词fractional numerals完全倒装full inversion将来进行时future continuous一般将来时future indefinite将来完成时future perfect将来完成进行时future perfect continuous独立结构absolute constructions物主代词的绝对形式absolute forms of possessive pronouns 抽象名词abstract nouns主动语态active voice方式状语从句adverbial clauses of manner地点状语从句adverbial clauses of place目的状语从句adverbial clauses of purpose时间状语从句adverbial clauses of time程度副词adverbs of degree频度副词adverbs of frequency方式副词adverbs of manner地点副词adverbs of place时间副词adverbs of time选择问句alternative questions句子分析analysis of sentences省略号apostrophe同谓语appositive同位语从句appositive clauses助动词auxiliary verbs插入语parenthesis部分倒装partial inversion分词短语participial phrases分词participle小品词particle词类parts of speech过去式past forms过去分词past participle句号period ( full stop )人称person人称代词personal pronouns成语动词phrasal verbs谓语predicate表语predicative表语从句predicative clauses前缀prefix(es)介词短语prepositional phrases现在式present forms现在分词present participle动词的主要形式principal forms of verbs专有名词proper nouns标点符号punctuation问号question mark引号quotation mark相互代词reciprocal pronouns不定代词indefinite Pronouns关系副词relative adverbs关系代词relative pronouns限制性定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 自身代词self pronouns分号semicolon真实条件句sentences of real condition虚拟条件句sentences of unreal condition时态的呼应sequence of tenses特殊问句special questions虚拟语气subjunctive mood后缀suffix(es)最高级superlative degree句法syntax句型的转换transformation of sentences双部句two-member sentences不可数名词uncountable nouns动词短语verbal phrases名词化的动词verbal noun构词法word building。
英语语法专有名词
• • • • • • • • •
副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb
• • • •
时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession • 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause • 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result
• • • • • • • • • • • •
代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possesive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun
英语语法专有名词
• • • • • • • • • • • •
英语语法-名词
Chinese Japanese sheep fish deer
可数名词的单数变复数（不规则变化）
2.单复数不同形（特殊名词的变化）：
1)改变中间元音 foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese man—men woman—women mouse-mice 2)词尾加-en或-ren child—children ox—oxen
Homework
1. 复习并背诵名词单数变复数的规则． 2. 写出20个不可数名词（1+1） 3. 写出30个可数名词，并写出其情况 构成方法 读音规则
(1)清辅音/p/,/k/,/t/,/f/等后读/s/ 一般情况 词尾加-s (2)在浊辅/b/,/d/,/g/,/η /,/l/,/m/,/n/等 和元音后读/z/
例词
maps , books , boats verbs , birds , bags , kings , hills , names , pens , cars , trees buses , watches , wishes , boxes radios , kangaroos , heroes , potatoes cities , babies
Good evening!
名 词 (noun)
指人或事物的名称的词．
名词
专有名词：特定的人，地点等．（首字母大写） 例：New York, Yao Ming 普通名词：指一般的人，事物等. 例：apple, pen, doctor 不可数名词 不能以数计算的事物的名词
普通名词
例：液体，气体等。milk, water, air…
3. 以o结尾的名词,一般加～s ，
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语中的专有名词_名词
专有名词的定义：
专有名词表示特定的人名、地名或组织机构的名称，专有名词一般具有独一性。
除个别外，专有名词通常没有复数形式。
例如：
1. 人名、地名：Jenny 珍妮Smith 史密斯China 中国Asia 亚洲the Great Wall 长城London 伦敦
2. 组织机构、时间、书籍报刊等的名称：the United Nations 联合国Bank of China 中国银行May 五月份Sunday 星期天Time《时代》周刊the Guardian《卫报》
3. 家庭关系名称、个人头衔：Mum 妈妈Grandpa 爷爷Doctor Black 布莱克大夫Captain Grey 格雷船长Mr. Hopkins 霍普金斯先生Miss White 怀特小姐
专有名词的注意事项：
1. 因为专有名词具有专有独一性，所以一般情况下，专有名词的第一个字母要大写，不能在专有名词的前面加上不定冠词a，也不能在专有名词词尾加上表示复数形式的-s。
如：
Beijing is the capital of China.
北京是中国的首都。
但是有时专有名词可以转化成为普通名词，转化后它就具有普通名词的特性了，即可以在其前面加上不定冠词a，在其词尾加上表示复数形式的-s。
以下是专有名词转化成可数普通名词的例子：
A Mr Green called just now.
刚才有位格林先生打来电话。
(此时a Mr Green = a man called Mr Green)
I knew a John Lennon, but not the famous one.
我认识一个叫约翰莱农的人，但不是著名的那一位。
英语中的专有名词
There are three Johns in this class.
这个班里有三个叫约翰的人。
(此时three Johns = three persons called John)
There are many Edisons in our country.
此句有两种不同的意思：
其一、我们国家有许多叫爱迪生的人。
其二、我们国家有许多像爱迪生一样的发明家。
2. 姓氏是专有名词，一般没有复数形式，而且也不能加定冠词the。
但是，当姓氏的前面加定冠词the，在后面加上-s，表示一家人。
如：the Smiths 史密斯一家人
The Blacks have moved house. 布莱克一家已经搬走了。
3. 有些专有名词表面上看是复数形式，但是在实际使用中谓语动词通常采用单数形式。
例如：
the United States 美国
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
这里把the United Nations看成一个整体。