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跨文化交际期末试题

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Test Paper 1Ⅰ. Filling the blanks:1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, thecommunication in the West is low-contextual while that inthe East is high-contextual2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adoptsDualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the Westfollows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East followssynthetic and concrete thinking4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the Westuses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and ArchimedesⅡ. Choose the best answer:1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two co mprehensivecategories: those that are primarily produced by the body, suchas_________,________,_______; and those that the individualcombines with the setting, such as _______, _______,_______.DA.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, manB.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silenceC.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, manD.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbsand allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholarsname this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a morefanciful impression than information, and the information isusually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other“goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term thisstyle as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct withobjective information. To them, much-repeated words may meanless after a while. We may term the Western writing as________-oriented.CA. adjective, objectiveB. Chinese, WesternC. impression, information C. indirect, direct3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western beliefholds that _______, while the Asian people believethat_______.BA. basically good; basically badB. evil but perfectible, basically goodC. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil;D. unknown4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western beliefholds that _______, while the Asian people believethat_______.DA. subjugation to nature; harmony with natureB. harmony with nature; mastery over natureC. harmony with nature; subjugation to natureD. mastery over nature; harmony with nature5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USA is______, thePhilippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia,Britain, Greece, France are ______.CA. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time orientedB. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-orientedC. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-orientedD. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is______, thePhilippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia is ______.DA. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-orientedB. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-orientedC. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becoming orientedD. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanistic view. Itgoes by the following different names: DA. reason versus result; religion versus art; objectivity versusimaginationB. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology;imagination versus subjectivityC. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion; subjugationversus subjectivityD. reason versus intuition; science versus religion; objectivityversus subjectivity8. The Greek thinks in order to _______. It is speculation. The Hinduthinks in order to _______. It is meditation. The Chinese thinks in order to _______. It is contemplation. CA. do; die; liveB. spectacle; meddle; contemptC. understand; think; self-cultivateD. think; self-cultivate; understand9. “Your body doesn’t know how to lie” indicates_____BA. something is wrong with your body and you can only stand.B. body language is important.C. body contact is dangerous.D. we can’t separate mind from body.10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends by sharing______, while in China, people make friends by sharing _______.BA. personal relationship; activitiesB. activities; personal relationshipC. love; bloodD. blood; love11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countries are__________________________________, while the lowcontact countries are ________________________________.CA. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries; Arabworld, Mediterranean countries, IndonesiaB. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries, Russia,Middle EastC. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; the US,Britain, most Northern European countriesD. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US, Britain,most Northern European countries12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality of communication,the high-contextual people are __________________________________, while the low-contextual countries are ________________________________AA. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans, German,SwissB. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans, Chinese,JapaneseC. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans, Japanese,BritishD. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans, Chinese,Koreans13. Each person has a “bubble”of space (territory). Studies showthat people from ________, ________, ________have a smaller personal territory than do people from ________, ________, -_________.AA. South America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries;North America, Britain, GermanyB. North America, Britain, Germany; South America, Arabcountries, and many Asian countriesC. South America, Britain, Germany; North America, Arabcountries, and many Asian countries.D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries;South America, Britain, Germany14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is much moreimportant to the individual than the extended family, while in ____________, ________, _______, ________ culture, the extended family is very important. CA. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, AfricanB. Arabian; American, Asian, African, HispanicC. American; Asian, African, Arabian, HispanicD. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on ______, ______,________for help, while in extended-family culture, people relymainly on ________for help. CA. families, friends, professionals; familiesB. families, friends, professionals; institutionsC. friends, professionals, institutions; familiesD. friends, families, institutions; professionals16. In nuclear-family culture, ______ usually comes first, while inextended-family culture, _______ usually comes first. BA. family; individualB. individual; familyC. husband; wifeD. wife; husband17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend would feel thatthey had _______ if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. One’s duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to ______; one does not expect friends to assume burdensome, ______ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask for help, recognizing, however, that the friend may _____, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be ______, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is ______ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostly a matter of providing ______ support and ______. BA. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”; dependent;receiving; material; get separateB. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”;independent; giving; emotional; spend time together.C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”; free;earning; financial; get involvedD. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”; independent;giving; spiritual; get together.18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seem virtually________ for all practical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _______ and might help each other _______for a _______period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you _________.CA. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short; whenbeing askedB. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long; unwillinglyC. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long; withoutwaiting to be askedD. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; if required19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese fr iends give eachother emotional support, but they do it differently. A Chinesefriend is more likely to be ________ to give _______ advice to afriend, while an American friend will be ________ to give________ advice, instead she may raise questions to en courageher friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does onething instead of another. CA. cautious; detailed; ready; specificB. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guidelineC. ready; specific; cautious; directD. unwilling; direct; ready; specific20. When it comes to the relationship b etween parents and marriedsons, in China, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel betweenhis wife and his mother, a man should ____________. At most hemight hope to __________, and this was regarded as ________.In America, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______than that with his wife. He would be expected to______________. He might even be counseled to_______________ the vicinity of his parents’home to ease theconflict. DA. more important; side with his mother; side with his father;honorable; more important; side with no one; move intoB. less important; side with no one; say something; honorable; lessimportant; side with his father; get away fromC. less important; side with his wife; remain silent; dishonorable;more important; side with his wife; move intoD. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral;dishonorable; less important; side with his wife; move awayⅢ. True or false:1.Generally speaking, China is an equal society, America is ahierarchy society. ( F )2.Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the power distance issmall, while in America, the power distance is large. ( F )3.Both the Asian and Western countries have the concept of “face”,and “face” has the same social significance for these countries inthat one’s face is also the face of one’s group.( F )4.The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts” as opposed to“opinions”. ( T )5. A very rough generalization is that thinking for the Greek is tolook upward, for the Hindu is to look inward, for the Confuciansis to look outward. (F )6.Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are always aware ofthem, and we make judgments according to them. (F )7.Values are separate from each other. Each one work alone. ( F )8.Values can be compared on a continuum rather than one of onlytwo possible choices. People everywhere possess the samevalues to different degrees, and the importance of that commonvalue, how it gets acted out, is a matter of degree. ( T)9.“Lover” and “爱人”have the same meaning. ( F )10.I n both China and Western countries, it is very common andusual for adults to fondle other people’s babies and very smallchildren to show their affection and friendliness. ( F )Ⅳ.Translation:1.Translate the following English into Chinese:1)Nature and Man are blended into one harmonious identity.天人合一2)Nature affects human affairs and human behavior finds responsein Nature. 天人感应3)Nature accords with human wishes. 天从人愿4)Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are in thecompany of “redness”, but “black”(bad) if you are in closecontact with ink. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑5)God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者6)Look before you leap. 三思而后行7) A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch.轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万木林He who stirs another’s porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事8)2.Translate the following Chinese into English:1)容忍tolerance of others2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way3)修养self-cultivation4)不重竞争non-competitiveness5)信用trust-worthiness6)贞节chastity in women7)寡欲having few desires服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filial piety8)Ⅴ. Tell the meaning of the following gestures in differentcountries:Gesture 1 Gesture 2 Gesture 31.In the US, England, Sweden it is used together with the verbal message“Let’s keep our fingers crossed”to mean that _ the person is hoping forgood luck______________. In Greece and Turkey it means the breaking ofa friendship ________________. In parts of Italy it means _ OK _____.2.In the US it means Great, perfect, acceptable, OK_______________. InBelgium and France, it means _ zero_____. In Brazil, Turkey, Greece andMalta it has _ an obscene _____ meaning. In Japan it means ___ money_______. In Tunisia, it is used ___ as threat _______.3.It means ____ Slow down”, “relax” or “wait a second ________________.Test Paper 2下列各题请参阅了所指定的课本内容后，用中文回答，可翻译课本的内容作为答案。

跨文化交际考试题目

跨文化考试大纲范围：Unit 1-4题型：1. T or F 10*2’=20’(Unit 1-4 Post-class Activities 2. )2. 填空10*2’=20’(Unit 1-4 Post-class Activities 1. )3. 选择题5*2’=10’4. 阅读理解5*2篇*3’=30’5. 案例分析2*10’=20’T or FUnit 11.T Culture can be seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order actappropriately in a given culture.2.F Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.3.TCulture mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistake. The linguistic mistake means thatsomeone is not fully expressing his or her idea while culture mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding.4.F All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.5.T Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may notbe the same.6.F One’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture.7.T Communication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected.8.F In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from culturalgeneralization.Unit 21.F Norms involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just orunjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or in appropriate, and kind or cruel.2.T Social practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typicallyfollow. There are two types, one is formal, the other is informal.3.F In low-context cultures, the verbal message contains most of the information and very littleis embedded in the context or the participants. Chinese culture is the typical example.4.T Individual cultures such as the United States believe that people are only supported to takecare of themselves, and perhaps their immediate families.5.F Cultures with short-term orientation, such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada, andJapan, often do not place a high priority on status, are concerned with short-term results. 6.T In industrialized societies like the United States, the mastery-over-nature view tends topredominate.7.F Both Americans and British show respect for tradition.8.T In being-in-becoming orientation, people spend a portion of their lives in mediation andcontemplation in an attempt to purify and full advance themselves.Unit 31.F Verbalcommunication is more important than nonverbal communication.2.F“Dragon” means the same to the Westerner as “龙” to the Chinese.3.F The Chinese phrase “知识分子” has the same meaning as “intellectual”.4.T A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language.5.F There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chineseproverbs.6.T Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo.7.T Patterns of thought vary with culture.8.T Both English and Chinese have resources to the deductive and the inductive.Unit 41.T Speaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others.2.F Some researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 65% of information iscommunicated through speaking, and over 35% is sent by nonverbal means.3.F Latin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures.4.T Arabs belong to touch cultures.5.T In some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience.6.T he appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures.7.T Paralanguage may imply the connotation of the actual words.8.F Silence cues can be interpreted as evidence of agreement all over the world.填空Unit 11.Intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message forconsumption by a member of another culture.2.Co-culture refers to groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics,perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices.3.Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms, and socialpractices.munication is the process through which individuals respond to and create messages toadapt to the environment and one another.nonverbal language movement multiply revealing tonelimit distinction further remark contact gestureHow do we communicate? The first answer that is likely to come to most people’s minds is through language: we speak, we listen, we read, we write. When we think further, we become increasingly aware that we also communicate in nonverbal ways, through gestures and body movements. The signals given by our “body language” are often more revealing than the words we use . Most of us will have had the experience of someone saying something to us—making a flattering remark, for instance—that we felt we increase. Why did we feel that? Maybe it was the tone in which it was said, or something in the person’s movement or eye contact with us.When we turn to communication processes across cultures, the complexities and complications multiply. Language is again the obvious example. If you speak only English and the person you try to talk to speaks only Japanese, communication will be limited—though you will, if you both really try, be able to understand each other to some extent by means of gestures. Even with speakers of the same language, problems may be the result of intercultural difference, distinctions that is subgroups with a culture.Unit 2uncertainty avoidance, collective, feminine, power distance1.Individuals from high power distance cultures teach their members that people are not equalin this world and that everybody has a rightful place.2.High uncertainty avoidance cultures try to avoid ambiguity by providing stability for theirmembers, establishing more formal rules, not tolerating deviant ideas and behaviors.3.In collective cultures such as those in Indonesia, Pakistan, China and West Africa, people areborn into extended families that support and protect theme in exchange for their loyalty. 4.Feminine cultures promote sexual equality and hold that people and the environment areimportant.Unit 3Denotative meaning, Connotative meaning, Deductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning1.Denotative meaning tend to be described as the definitional, “literal”, “obvious”or“commonsense” meaning of a word.2.Connotative meaning is used to refer to the socio-cultural and“personal”associations(ideological, emotional, etc.) of the word.3.In case of Inductive reasoning, one stores a number of specific instances and induces ageneral law or rule or conclusion that governs or subsumes the specific instances.4.Deductive reasoning is a movement from a generalization to specific instances: specificsubsumed facts are inferred or deduced from a general principle.Unit 4Chronemics, Kinesics, Proxemics, Nonverbal communication1.Nonverbal communication refers to the message sent without using words.2.Proxemics is the way we use fixed space and personal space.3.Kinesics includes gestures, body movement, facial expressions, and eye contact.4.Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.案例分析The Chinese woman has taken the American tourist’s given name for the surname, since the order of the surnames of Chinese and English names are just the opposite. As in both cultures a title is usually used with the surname, they feel unnatural when their given names are used with the titles. According to British custom, it’s quite normal for persons who first meet to address each other by their full names and never by their given names alone. The correct form should be Miss. Lucy Webster.On the other hand, the British tourist thinks that Li Hong’s surname is her husband’s surname, since she is unaware of the fact that in China women still use their own surname after marriage. The correct form should be Ms. Li Hong.Unit 11.Cultural Puzzles(1) a. No. Ignoring others’suggestion is impolite and offensive.b. Yes. When you try something new, it may be difficult at first. After a while, you will getaccustomed to it.c. Yes. You could learn about other’s customs by asking for cultural explanations. You couldask, for example, a teacher: "Would you mind if I use your lastname? In my country, it is polite for students to use their teacher’s last name.(2) A.a. No. Even if this was true, she wouldn't expect a wife to say this about her own husband.To her, the Japanese woman insulted her own husband.b. No. Even if this was true, she wouldn't expect the Japanese woman to compare theirhusbands' appearance.c. Yes. A statement like this about one's spouse in the U.S. would be considered very disrespectful.If an American woman said this about her husband, people might think that they didn't havea good relationship.B. a. No. This would not be a Japanese way for a wife to say that she didn't like her husband.b. Yes. In Japan, a person would be considered boastful and not modest enough if he or shecomplimented his or her family members in front of others. Instead, some Japanese (particularly those who are more traditional) might say something slightly negative just to show that they are being modest and not overly proud.c. No. See b.Unit 2阅读理解Read the following passage, then choose the best answer.(1) B (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) D阅读理解Read the following passage, and then answer the questions briefly.(1) Context refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event.(2) No.(3) They emphasize interpersonal relationships, nonverbal expression, physical setting, and socialsetting.(4) Low-context communicators tend to use linear logic. High-context communicators, however,may use spiral logic.(5) Because it fosters competition and confrontation instead of consensus.Cultural Puzzlea.No. This is a rude answer and would discourage the other speaker from continuing talking.It’s possible that the person asking the question does not think it is personal. There are other more polite ways to say that you don’t want to answer a question.b.Possibly, but the person might ask you the question again. For example, if someone asks you,“What do you think of the government in your country?” A general answer could be, “I think all governments have their problems. Each should deal with their own problems.”But a statement like this is just a response to the question, not a real answer. The person who had asked you the question might ask again.c.Yes. There are questions that are apparently personal in one culture, but not in another. Ifyou said, “It is hard for me to answer that question because people in my country usually don’t ask it,” people will not feel offended by your not answering the question, and might find it instructive.Unit 3阅读理解Read the following passage, and then do the exercises.(1) D(2) C(3) The pronunciation of the final syllable of ‘chairman’ is /m’n/ as in the pronunciation of ‘woman’.(4) The author argues that the male meaning of ‘man’ is no longer dominant.(5) The impact is more in formal and/or written language areas (e.g. the media). Ordinary peoplestill tend to use words ending in ‘man’. Therefore in informal language use there has been little or no impact.(6) Regardless of language structure in any society, non-sexist language use does not meanchange will occur i f people’s attitudes and behaviors do not change.阅读理解Read the passage and then decide whether the statements are True or False according to the information given in the passage.F T F T F5.a.No. Sometimes it is better not to correct the person right away, especially if he or she is verybusy. Also, if other people are present, the person may be embarrassed to find out he or she pronounced your name incorrectly. However, if the person pronounces your name incorrectly more than once, you should tell him or her.b.Yes. If you want to be polite and formal, it is best to apologize first, and then say your namecorrectly.c.Yes. If the situation is informal, you can just say your name correctly without apologizing.Unit 4阅读理解Read the following passage, and then fill in the blanks.(1)physical of psycho logical distance(2) individual, social(3) the objective need or condition(4) our personal space(5) a constant but absent-minded lookCultural Puzzlesa. No. There is no information showing that the Americans did something wrong.b. No. It’s told that the Japanese were enjoying themselves.c. Yes. The Japanese culture is very group-oriented. When one person left (and this wasprobably the leader), the rest felt that they had to leave, even if they did n’t want to.Americans don’t usually arrive or leave in groups, so this behavior seemed strange to them. The Japanese guests were trying to be polite by avoiding staying too long at the party. They didn’t realize that two hours was too short for the Americ ans and that the Americans might get hurt by the fact that their guests left early.。

《跨文化交际》考试试题(附答案)

《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical piano concert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received thenews that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world asone in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Take the word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postman’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings havesurprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。

荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷考试课程：跨文化交际考试时间：120分钟专业：国际商务总分：100分---一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是文化的要素之一？A. 语言B. 宗教C. 肤色D. 性别2. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个层次的文化差异是最难以觉察和理解的？A. 表面文化B. 非语言文化C. 核心文化D. 价值观文化3. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种策略是针对文化差异进行适应的策略？A. 避免策略B. 否认策略C. 融合策略D. 转移策略4. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪项不是有效沟通的重要因素？A. 语言水平B. 礼貌态度C. 文化敏感度D. 地位高低5. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个是文化差异的主要表现形式？A. 同化B. 异化C. 互动D. 观察6. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念不符合文化相对主义？A. 文化多样性B. 文化普遍性C. 文化变异性D. 文化相对性7. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种能力不是有效沟通的关键能力？A. 语言能力B. 礼貌表达能力C. 自我中心能力D. 文化敏感能力8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为不符合文化适应的原则？A. 尊重对方文化习惯B. 主动学习对方语言C. 保持自身文化不变D. 理解对方价值观9. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是非语言沟通的表现形式？A. 书面沟通B. 口头沟通C. 肢体语言D. 电话沟通10. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种心态有助于有效沟通？A. 自我中心B. 开放心态C. 歧视心态D. 偏见心态---二、判断题（每题2分，共20分）11. 文化是一种稳定不变的社会现象。

（）12. 表面文化是指文化的核心价值观和信仰。

（）13. 跨文化交际中，语言是文化传播的最重要工具之一。

（）14. 文化相对主义认为所有文化都是平等的。

（）15. 在跨文化交际中，适应性是唯一的有效策略。

（）16. 跨文化交际中，尊重对方文化是沟通的基本前提。

跨文化交流与管理考试试题及答案

跨文化交流与管理考试试题及答案一、选择题1. 以下哪个是跨文化交流的定义？A. 不同文化之间的信息传递B. 跨越语言和文化差异的沟通C. 不同国家之间的商务交流D. 各种文化间的身体接触答案：B2. 跨文化管理的目标是什么？A. 实现文化的融合B. 解决文化冲突C. 提高企业竞争力D. 促进国际合作答案：C3. 以下哪个是有效的跨文化交流技巧？A. 推销自己的文化观念B. 强制他人接受自己的价值观C. 尊重并尝试理解他人的文化D. 将自己的文化强加给他人答案：C二、简答题1. 请简述跨文化交流的重要性及对个人和企业的影响。

答案：跨文化交流的重要性在于促进不同文化之间的相互理解和合作。

对个人而言，跨文化交流可以开阔视野，增强自我意识和文化敏感度，提高交际能力和解决问题的能力。

对企业而言，跨文化交流有助于拓展市场，提高员工的跨文化管理能力，增强企业的国际竞争力。

2. 跨文化管理中的文化冲突如何解决？答案：解决跨文化管理中的文化冲突需要采取以下措施：- 尊重他人文化差异，避免将自己的文化价值观强加给他人；- 建立有效的沟通渠道，加强信息传递和理解；- 通过培训和教育提高员工的跨文化意识和文化敏感度；- 寻求第三方的帮助，例如跨文化咨询公司或专业中介机构。

三、论述题论述：跨文化交流对企业的国际化发展有何重要意义？在当今全球化的背景下，企业的国际化发展已成为趋势。

跨文化交流对于企业的国际化发展具有重要意义。

首先，跨文化交流有助于企业拓展国际市场。

不同国家和地区有不同的文化和消费习惯，只有通过有效的跨文化交流，企业才能更好地了解当地的市场需求和文化背景，从而制定适应当地市场的营销策略和产品定位。

其次，跨文化交流能够提高企业员工的跨文化管理能力。

在国际化发展过程中，企业往往需要派遣员工到不同的国家工作，员工需要具备良好的跨文化交流能力才能适应当地的工作环境和与当地员工进行有效的合作。

通过跨文化交流的培训和教育，企业能够提高员工的跨文化意识和文化敏感度，使其更好地适应跨国工作环境。

《跨文化交际》题集

《跨文化交际》题集一、选择题（每题10分，共100分）1.跨文化交际主要研究的是：A. 不同国家之间的政治关系B. 不同文化背景的人们之间的交流与互动C. 国际经济的合作与发展D. 全球气候变化的影响2.在跨文化交际中，哪种行为可能被视为不尊重他人？A. 直视对方的眼睛以示真诚B. 在交谈中频繁点头表示赞同C. 在未经允许的情况下触摸他人的头部D. 礼貌地询问对方的个人生活3.“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的区别在于：A. 沟通中直接信息的多少B. 人们使用语言的频率C. 社会习俗的复杂性D. 对时间的重视程度4.下列哪项不属于非言语交际的形式？A. 肢体语言B. 面部表情C. 语音语调D. 书面文字5.在一些文化中，沉默可能被视为：A. 同意的标志B. 思考的表示C. 不尊重的行为D. 沟通的一种方式6.“文化休克”通常发生在：A. 一个人长时间处于自己的文化中B. 一个人初次接触并适应新的文化环境时C. 一个人对某种文化有深入了解之后D. 一个人在不同文化之间频繁切换时7.下列哪项是跨文化交际中常见的挑战？A. 语言障碍B. 价值观差异C. 沟通风格的不同D. 以上都是8.在一些文化中，时间被视为一种：A. 可以随意支配的资源B. 必须严格遵守的规则C. 可以用来建立社会关系的工具D. 以上都有可能是，取决于具体的文化9.“面子”在跨文化交际中是一个重要的概念，它通常指的是：A. 一个人的社会地位B. 一个人的自尊心和荣誉感C. 一个人在外貌上的吸引力D. 一个人在经济上的实力10.下列哪项不是促进跨文化交际有效性的策略？A. 增强文化意识B. 发展跨文化沟通技巧C. 避免与不同文化背景的人交往D. 尊重并适应不同的文化习俗二、填空题（每题10分，共50分）1.在跨文化交际中，__________是指由于文化差异而导致的沟通障碍或误解。

2.__________文化强调直接、明确的沟通方式，而__________文化则更注重含蓄和间接的表达。

英语跨文化期末考试题

一、定义题：1Intercultural communication is a form of communication that aims to share information across different cultures and social groups. It is used to describe the wide range of communication processes and problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them.2Globalization : is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure基础设施, including the rise of the telegraph and its posterity 后世;子孙the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities.3Culture shock: Culture shock is a common experience of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Culture shock also can be described as the feeling of confusion and disorientation that one experiences when faced with a large number of new and unfamiliar people and situations.4High context implies that a lot of unspoken information is implicitly transferred during communication.Low context implies that a lot of information is exchanged explicitly through the message itself and rarely is anything implicit or hidden.In a higher-context culture, many things are left unsaid, letting the culture explain. Words and word choice become very important in higher-context communication, since a few words can communicate a complex message very effectively to an in-group (but less effectively outside that group), while in a low-context culture, the communicator needs to be much more explicit and the value of a single word is less important.5Definition of nonverbal communication:nonverbalsystem of symbols, signs and gestures developed and used by members of a culture to bring specific messages to expression.二、图表说明：1.需求曲线三角p412.海伦教授文化层次大纸三、翻译：红楼梦p144文化语言p121第4段管理者一词在世界范围内广泛运用，但是在不同的文化中它有着不同的重要程度和含义。

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跨文化交际期末考试题【新】
第一部分：选择题（共20题，每题1分，共20分）
1. 当出现语言障碍时，以下哪个是最好的应对策略？
A. 用手势和肢体动作来表达自己的意思
B. 大声说出自己的观点
C. 重复使用相同的单词和短语来帮助理解
D. 简化语言使用的复杂度，使用简单易懂的语言
2. 对于跨文化交流来说，以下哪种观念是最关键的？
A. 遵循自己国家的行为准则
B. 尊重不同文化之间的差异
C. 强制对方接受自己的文化
D. 批判对方的文化习惯
3. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是最常用的？
A. 肢体语言
B. 非语言信息
C. 语言信息
D. 交流方式
4. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观点是最重要的？
A. 接受自己的文化习惯
B. 批判他人的文化习惯
C. 理解他人的文化习惯
D. 拒绝他人的文化习惯
5. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？
A. 活跃的参与
B. 语言水平的熟练程度
C. 适应当地的礼仪和行为准则
D. 强调自己的文化背景
6. 以下哪个是一个跨文化交际中最常见的问题？
A. 礼貌和礼仪的不同
B. 文化差异造成的文化霸权
C. 认知差异的沟通问题
D. 语言障碍
7. 以下哪种服务最适合在跨文化交际中使用？
A. 机器翻译服务
B. 优先选择专业的口译和翻译服务
C. 通过朋友或熟人的介绍寻找帮助
D. 利用在线社交媒体解决问题
8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该避免？
A. 尊重并遵循当地的礼仪和行为准则
B. 试图改变或批判当地的文化习俗
C. 沿用自己的文化行为准则
D. 关注当地的文化和语言细节
9. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？
A. 避免使用简单易懂的语言
B. 直截了当地表达自己的观点
C. 关注当地的非语言行为和信号
D. 尝试使用当地的单词和短语
10. 当尝试与跨文化背景的人交流时，以下哪种能力是最重要的？
A. 语言能力
B. 理解当地文化的背景
C. 思考和行动的方式
D. 批判思维
11. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个语言问题最常见？
A. 不同的拼写和拼音
B. 不同的语法结构和单词含义
C. 方言和口音
D. 礼仪和交际方式
12. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个观念是最必要的？
A. 尊重当地的文化背景
B. 认为自己的文化优越
C. 轻视当地的命令和指示
D. 批判当地文化的错误
13. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个事情是至关重要的？
A. 去熟悉当地的文化和语言背景
B. 寻找机会批判当地的文化习惯
C. 坚持自己的文化行为准则
D. 放松身心，自然而然的融入当地环境
14. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？
A. 尊重他人的文化背景
B. 没有认真倾听对方的观点
C. 关注当地的语言和文化细节
D. 对对方的文化行为进行批评和评价
15. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念是最重要的？
A. “我们的文化最好”
B. “我们的文化最好，但我们也能接受其他文化”
C. “所有文化都有其独特之处，值得尊重和理解”
D. “其他文化与我们的文化无关”
16. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？
A. 关注和遵守当地的礼仪和行为准则
B. 尝试使用当地的语言和单词
C. 尊重和理解当地的文化习俗
D. 批判和否定当地的文化习俗
17. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？
A. 展示自己的文化背景
B. 关注当地的语言和文化细节
C. 认真倾听对方的观点
D. 强调自己优越的文化背景
18. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该被避免？
A. 尊重所有人的文化背景
B. 批判当地的文化行为
C. 关注当地的非语言信号
D. 使用当地的语言和单词
19. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？
A. 尊重当地的文化背景
B. 试图改变当地的文化行为准则
C. 使用自己的语言和单词
D. 关注当地的微妙而又微小的语言和非语言信号
20. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？
A. 关注当地的礼仪和行为准则
B. 忽略当地的迷信和传统信仰
C. 尊重当地的宗教和文化背景
D. 沿用自己的文化行为准则
第二部分：简答题（共5道题，每题4分，共20分）
1. 解释什么是文化差异，并列举至少三个文化差异的例子？
2. 解释为什么认知差异在跨文化交际中是一个重要的问题，并提供至少三个示例说明不同的认知差异会如何影响跨文化交流?
3. 解释什么是非语言沟通，并列举至少三个非语言沟通的例子？
4. 解释为什么跨文化交际中的措辞和用词是非常重要的，并提供至少三个示例说明，不同的词语和措辞可能导致文化差异。

5. 解释为什么在跨文化交际中，理解和尊重文化背景是非常重要的，并提供至少三个示例来说明它们是如何影响跨文化交际的。