上海市闵行区2015届高三下学期质量调研考试(一模)英语试题及答案
闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷第I卷（共103分）I. listening comprehension（略）II. Grammar and vocabulary：My husband, my four-month-old daughter and I set out on a five-day journey from California to Washington. We had to stop frequently __25_____(relax) ourselves.One of our stops, once we crossed the Oregon border, was at a Black Bear Diner. Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman ___26____ (stand) at one side. He was clearly untidy, without shoes and wearing worn clothing. We passed right by him and opened the restaurant door. Then something told me to go back.Thinking the gentleman ____27__need something to eat, I turned around and said to the gentleman, “Sir, are you hungry?” He said, “Yes.” I then asked, “May we buy you something to eat?” He responded with, “Sure, I can order something myself.”My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter. I told him to order __28__ he wanted. The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and looked frightened. I spoke before he had an opportunity to say anything. “This gentleman will have lunch with us today,”I said. “Please add his order __29__ our bill.” The manager said with a frown(皱眉), “Ok.” We turned to our table and the gentleman said, loudly and quickly, “Thank you!” Soon we seated ourselves at the table and upon finishing our meal we __30__ our bill. I asked my husband what the gentleman __31___(order). One fresh orange juice, one coffee, one breakfast combination with a slide of hash browns.When we left the restaurant I looked for the gentleman but didn’t see him, but that very small act just made my day. I hope in some small way we were able to bring some joy into his life, _32__ _____ it only lasted for a few minutes.B.Every time you go to the supermarket, you come away with your purchases in plastic bags. But wouldn’t it be kinder to the environment __33___ you asked for paper bags instead?__34__ answer is not as easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are disadvantages in using both plastic and paper bags.Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and , as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil.__35__(far) damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish(水母)，their main source of food，and often choke（噎死）on them.Floating plastic bags have been spotted as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far south as the southern end of South America, __36__ has caused great concern among scientists.However, this kind of bag does have its advantages.“Plastic grocery bags are some of the most ___37__(reuse) things around the house,” explained Laurie Kusek of the American Plastic Council.Although paper bags are believed to be more environment-friendly, the fact is unknown t some people __38__ paper bags use more energy when manufactured and create more wastes than plastic bags.So you may ask __39__, what to do. One possible solution would be t use biodegradable(可降解的) plastic bags. But it might be wiser to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags __40___ biodegradableproducts become more reliable.The unique features of colleges and universities in the US. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular US college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies __-41__ colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds, the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University President Vartan Gregorian. In America, people have a strong __42__ that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.”Foreign students also come in search of __43__. America’s menu of opinions---research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions--- is __44___. No any single Europeans country can offer such variety. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, there is only one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to ___45__ professional skills in a specific field, whether law or philosophy or Chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n) __46___ on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration.Such __47___ philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan，universities are __48___ only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money.Centralization(集权化) is likely to __49__ that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, it may also __50__ the testing of different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.”III. Reading comprehension:Apes and humans beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of __51__ by individuals.One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the ___52___ of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object---food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others--- was sufficient reason to __53___ force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females. thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.In the first place, the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the __54__ destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.In the second place it is observable, that __55__ occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were __56___ defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes are greatly to __57__ the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the__58__ species. Monkeys do not mind being __59__ by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often __60__ . But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The ___61__ of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own___62__ .A child will be stopped either by __63__ causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be__64__ because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by __65___, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.51. A. fulfillment B. excitement C. isolation D. aggressiveness52. A. usage B. possession C. value D. collection53. A. turn to B. drive away C. come over D. make into54. A. moderate B. subtle C. complete D. temporary55. A. conflict B. negotiation C. agreement D. donation56. A. reluctantly B. violently C. unwillingly D. peacefully57.A. ignore B. accept C. prove D. hate58. A. similar B. modest C. strong D. reliable59. A. observed B. protected C. joined D. spoiled60. A. offensive B. considerate C. generous D. welcomed61. A. strength B. attitude C. competition D. emotion62. A. knowledge B. activity C. study D. personality63. A. natural B. physical C. financial D. academic64. A. enhanced B. operated C. extended D. prevented65. A. learning B. falling C. imitating D. refusingSection BA.Around the world coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are facing threats brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damage to corals caused by heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive in the long run.Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. I 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced one of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with the heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death.The coral’s ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who say the study’s results show the complexities of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors.“Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures,” said Deheyn, one of the researchers. “Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. These results are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.”66. According to the first paragraph, we know that ____________.A. different corals suffer differently by climate change.B. both heat and cold stress affect corals.C. cool temperature is more destructive to corals.D. it’s hard to know the effect of climate change on corals.67. The phrase “subjected to”(in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to”_______”.A. referred toB. adjusted toC. exposed toD. stuck to68. By “Not much has been known about…” Deheyn probably means that ______.A. we know very little about the effects of temperature decrease on coralsB. temperature decrease is not expected to have a bad effect on coralsC. it makes no sense to study the effects of temperature decrease on coralsD. corals may not have been affected by the decrease in temperature.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. measures should be taken to control global warming.B. Climate change has resulted in more cold currents.C. Heat is responsible for the destruction of corals.D. Heat can cold damage corals in their own ways.B.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and devices will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows (肘部) next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:●power tools rather than having t use muscle power.●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist to keep straight (See Figure I). Thismeans that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hangingrelaxed at a person’s side●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means having a selectionof sizes--- remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very largehand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly importantconsideration for women who may use tools originally designed for men.●tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not have sharpedges or a small surface area.70. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Good Tool Design for WomenB. Tool Design and Prevention of InjuriesC. Examples of Good Tool DesignD. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection71. Which of the following describes a well-designed tool?A. It’s kept close to the body.B. It fully uses muscle power.C. It makes users feel relaxed.D. I t’s operated with less force.72. What is Figure I used to show?A. The effective use of the toolB. The way of operating the tool.C. The proper design of the handle.D. The purpose of bending the wrist.73. In choosing tools for women, _______ of the handle is the most important.A. the sizeB. the edgeC. the shapeD. positionC.When we perceive other people, we seldom describe a person in cold and objective words. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly---perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in may ways. Social scientist Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person: questions, self-disclosures(自我表露)，and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and description It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent(前后不一致) behavior. Ironically (讽刺性的) those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enables us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements.)74. The word “pinpoint” (in 1st para0 is closest in means to _______.A. appreciateB. obtainC. identifyD. interpret75. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A. People like to be described in cold, objective words.B. It is impossible to get inside of a person.C. It is difficult to describe a person in words.D. Getting to know a person is usually no easy job.76. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ______.A. people do not reveal their true self on every occasionB. the best way to know a person is by making comparisonsC. in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directlyD. face –to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person77. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to _______.A. discuss the various aspects of getting to know peopleB. provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC. warn readers of the negative side of people’s charactersD. give advice on appropriate behaviors for social occasionsSection C:For years, there has been a bias (偏见) against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家). In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B. Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give m ore weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by … science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science.”The “widening”reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying (确认) the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments — the tools of psychology — bring more lasting benefits than drugs.You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”. Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment.”When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works. A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit （损伤名誉）itself.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)78. Clinical psychologists can’t explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because they relyon____________________.79. What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science?80. According to Baker, what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from learning or practicing effective treatment?81. To avoid discrediting psychology, clinical psychologists need to __________________.第II卷（共47分）I. Translation:82. 你有兴趣参加今晚的英语演讲比赛吗？（mood）83. 新建的医院让这里的居民就医方便多了。
9. 2015上海中考英语闵行一模word完美版
上海市闵行区2014学年第一学期期末质量测试初三英语试卷Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar(第二部分语音、词汇和语法)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) (共20分)( ) 26. Mike played a joke on his classmates after class. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A. /d k/B. /d k/C. /d k/D. /d k/( ) 27. Farmers plant the seeds of hope in ______spring and wait for their growing.A. /B. aC. anD. the( ) 28. Michael Jordan is my favourite basketball star and I like ______ very much.A. heB. himselfC. hisD. him( ) 29. Iphone products are becoming more and more popular in China _______ many reasons.A. asB. onC. forD. about( ) 30. Three gunmen broke ______a book store and stole many great books last night.A. upB. downC. outD. into( ) 31. --______do you practice your English reading?-- Even day. You know, it is very important.A. How oftenB. How soonC. How longD. How fast( ) 32. The teacher asked what was happening, but ______answered. We were all silent.A. everybodyB. nobodyC. somebodyD. anybody( ) 33. The wonderful special effects make Transformers (《变形金刚》)one of______ films of the year.A. excitingB. more excitingC. most excitingD. the most exciting( ) 34. I he music from the next door sounded ______. It almost drove me mad.A. beautifulB. sweetC. awfulD. healthy( ) 35. Ben________ lift the heavy box by himself, so he asked his father for help.A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. couldn'tD. shouldn't( ) 36. I failed in the driving test last time, ______I have to take it again next month.A. andB. butC. soD. or( ) 37. You won't calculate faster than computers ______you have a really amazing brain.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. because( ) 38. Perhaps there will be no cormorant fishermen in the world in 50 years, ________?A. will thereB. will theyC. won't thereD. won't they( ) 39. Recently many young customers ______to give up their old mobile phones and buy the new Iphone 6.A. decideB. have decidedC. had decidedD. decided( ) 40. Simon's father promised that they ______a cruise trip to Europe the next summer.A. will takeB. are takingC. would takeD. were taking( ) 41. Many houses ______during the earthquake happened in Yunnan, China this May.A. were destroyedB. are destroyedC. has destroyedD. had destroyed( ) 42. Volunteering is the only best way ______about how the rest of the world lives.A. knowB. knowsC. knowingD. to know( ) 43. My little brother was keen on ______stamps when he was young.A. collectB. collectedC. collectingD. to collect( ) 44. -- In my opinion, pictures can help us improve our memory, especially silly ones.-- _______.A. Congratulations!B. You're welcome.C. All right.D. I agree with you.( ) 45. -- Would you like me to borrow the comic strips from the library for you?--______A. Not at all.B. That's very kind of you.C. I'm afraid not.D. That's all right.III. Complete the following passage with the words and phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once. (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
2015年闵行区高三英语二模卷试题及答案
2015年上海市闵行区高三英语二模卷试题及答案闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷第I卷（共103分）I. listening comprehension（略）II. Grammar and vocabulary：My husband, my four-month-old daughter and I set out on a five-day journey from California to Washington. We had to stop frequently __25_____(relax) ourselves.One of our stops, once we crossed the Oregon border, was at a Black Bear Diner. Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman ___26____ (stand) at one side. He was clearly untidy, without shoes and wearing worn clothing. We passed right by him and opened the restaurant door. Then something told me to go back.Thinking the gentleman ____27__need something to eat, I turned around and said to the gentleman, “Sir, are you hungry?” He said, “Yes.” I then asked, “May we buy you something to eat?” He responded with, “Sure, I can order something myself.”My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter. I told him to order __28__ he wanted. The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and looked frightened. I spoke before he had an opportunity to say anything. “This gentleman will have lunch with us today,” I said. “Please add his order __29__ our bill.” The manager said with a frown(皱眉), “Ok.” We turned to our table and the gentleman said, loudly and quickly, “Thank you!” Soon we seated ourselves at the table and upon finishing our meal we __30__ our bill. I asked my husband what the gentleman __31___(order). One fresh orange juice, one coffee, one breakfast combination with a slide of hash browns.When we left the restaurant I looked for the gentleman but didn’t see him, but that very small act just made my day. I hope in some small way we were able to bring some joy into his life, _32__ _____ it only lasted for a few minutes.B.Every time you go to the supermarket, you come away with your purchases in plastic bags. But wouldn’t it be kinder to the environment __33___ you asked for paper bags instead?__34__ answer is not as easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are disadvantages in using both plastic and paper bags.Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and , as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil.__35__(far) damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish(水母)， their main source of food， and often choke（噎死）on them.Floating plastic bags have been spotted as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far south as the southern end of South America, __36__ has caused great concern among scientists.However, this kind of bag does have its advantages.“Plastic grocery bags are some of the most ___37__(reuse) things around the house,” explained Laurie Kusek of the American Plastic Council.Although paper bags are believed to be more environment-friendly, the fact is unknown t some people __38__ paper bags use more energy when manufactured and create more wastes than plastic bags.So you may ask __39__, what to do. One possible solution would be t use biodegradable(可降解的) plastic bags. But it might be wiser to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags __40___ biodegradable products become more reliable.A. beliefB. discourageC. choicesD. issueE. tryF. characterizeG. demonstrate H. ensure I. incomparable J. opposing K. responsibleThe unique features of colleges and universities in the US. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular US college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies __-41__ colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds, the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University President Vartan Gregorian. In America, people have a strong __42__ that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.”Foreign students also come in search of __43__. America’s menu of opinions---research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions--- is __44___. No any single Europeans country can offer such variety. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, there is only one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to ___45__ professional skills in a specific field,whether law or philosophy or Chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n) __46___ on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration.Such __47___ philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan，universities are __48___ only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money.Centralization(集权化) is likely to __49__ that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, it may also __50__ the testing of different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they makebig ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.”III. Reading comprehension:Apes and humans beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of __51__ by individuals.One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the ___52___ of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object---food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others--- was sufficient reasonto __53___ force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females. thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.In the first place, the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the __54__ destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.In the second place it is observable, that __55__ occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were __56___ defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes are greatly to __57__ the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the __58__ species. Monkeys do not mind being __59__ by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often __60__ . But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The ___61__ of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own ___62__ .A child will be stopped either by __63__ causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be __64__ because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by __65___, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.51. A. fulfillment B. excitement C. isolation D. aggressiveness52. A. usage B. possession C. value D. collection53. A. turn to B. drive away C. come over D. make into54. A. moderate B. subtle C. complete D. temporary55. A. conflict B. negotiation C. agreement D. donation56. A. reluctantly B. violently C. unwillingly D. peacefully57.A. ignore B. accept C. proveD. hate58. A. similar B. modest C. strong D. reliable59. A. observed B. protected C. joined D. spoiled60. A. offensive B. considerate C. generous D. welcomed61. A. strength B. attitude C. competition D. emotion62. A. knowledge B. activity C. study D. personality63. A. natural B. physical C. financial D. academic64. A. enhanced B. operated C. extended D. prevented65. A. learning B. falling C. imitating D. refusingSection BA.Around the world coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are facing threats brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damage to corals caused by heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive in the long run.Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. I 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced one of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with the heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death.The coral’s ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who say the study’s results show the complexities of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors.“Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures,” said Deheyn, one of the researchers. “Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. These results are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.”66. According to the first paragraph, we know that ____________.A. different corals suffer differently by climate change.B. both heat and cold stress affect corals.C. cool temperature is more destructive to corals.D. it’s hard to know the effect of climate change on corals.67. The phrase “subjected to”(in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to”_______”.A. referred toB. adjusted toC. exposed toD. stuck to68. By “Not much has been known about…” Deheyn probably means that ______.A. we know very little about the effects of temperature decrease on coralsB. temperature decrease is not expected to have a bad effect on coralsC. it makes no sense to study the effects of temperature decrease on coralsD. corals may not have been affected by the decrease in temperature.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. measures should be taken to control global warming.B. Climate change has resulted in more cold currents.C. Heat is responsible for the destruction of corals.D. Heat can cold damage corals in their own ways.B.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and devices will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows (肘部) next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:●power tools rather than having t use muscle power.●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist to keep straight (See Figure I). This means that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hanging relaxed at a person’s side●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means havinga selection of sizes--- remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly important consideration for women who may use tools originally designed for men.●tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not have sharp edges or a small surface area.70. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Good Tool Design for WomenB. Tool Design and Prevention of InjuriesC. Examples of Good Tool DesignD. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection71. Which of the following describes a well-designed tool?A. It’s kept close to the body.B. It fully uses muscle power.C. It makes users feel relaxed.D. It’s operated with less force.72. What is Figure I used to show?A. The effective use of the toolB. The way of operating the tool.C. The proper design of the handle.D. The purpose of bending the wrist.73. In choosing tools for women, _______ of the handle is the most important.A. the sizeB. the edgeC. the shapeD. positionC.When we perceive other people, we seldom describe a person in cold and objective words. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly---perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in may ways. Social scientist Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, withoutbeing noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person: questions, self-disclosures(自我表露)， and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and description It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent(前后不一致) behavior. Ironically (讽刺性的) those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enables us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements.)74. The word “pinpoint” (in 1st para0 is closest in means to _______.A. appreciateB. obtainC. identifyD. interpret75. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A. People like to be described in cold, objective words.B. It is impossible to get inside of a person.C. It is difficult to describe a person in words.D. Getting to know a person is usually no easy job.76. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ______.A. people do not reveal their true self on every occasionB. the best way to know a person is by making comparisonsC. in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directlyD. face –to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person77. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to _______.A. discuss the various aspects of getting to know peopleB. provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC. warn readers of the negative side of people’s charactersD. give advice oSection C:For years, there has been a bias (偏见) against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家). In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B. Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by … science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science.”The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying (确认) the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments — the tools of psychology — bring more lasting benefits than drugs.You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”. Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment.”When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works.A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit （损伤名誉）itself.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)78. Clinical psychologists can’t explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because they rely on____________________.79. What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science?80. According to Baker, what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from learning or practicing effective treatment?81. To avoid discrediting psychology, clinical psychologists need to__________________.n appropriate behaviors for social occasions第II卷（共47分）I. Translation:82. 你有兴趣参加今晚的英语演讲比赛吗？（mood）83. 新建的医院让这里的居民就医方便多了。
2015届闵行英语二模试卷
闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I 卷（第1-11页）和第II 卷（第12页），全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第I 卷 (共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 4:15.B. At 4:45.C. At 5:00.D. At 6:00. 2. A. A painter. B. A mechanic. C. A porter. D. A carpenter.3. A. Using cameras creatively. B. Setting cameras to portrait mode.C. Painting pictures.D. Taking pictures of people. 4. A. Talk to more soldiers.B. Organize the information.C. Collect more information.D. Add his experience to the book. 5. A. Delighted. B. Surprised.C. Doubtful.D. Unconcerned.6. A. He is rather disappointed. B. He doesn ’t care for a promotion.C. He can ’t accept the result.D. He knows his own limitation. 7. A. She wants to get some sleep.B. She needs time to write a paper.C. She has a physics class to attend.D. She is troubled by her sleep problem. 8. A. Get more food and drinks. B. Invite more people.C. Tidy up the place.D. Prepare for a party. 9. A. It ’s interesting. B. It turned out to be easy.C. It ’s hard to judge.D. It ’s quite difficult.学校_______________________ 班级__________ 准考证号_________ 姓名______________…………………密○………………………………………封○………………………………………○线…………………………………10. A. She must have paid a lot for the course.B. Her effort has brought about good results.C. She is unlikely to keep good figure.D. Her try is obviously a waste of money.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. By sounding a warning. B. By pressing the driving wheel.C. By checking the driving time.D. By touching the wrist band.12. A. Moves more regularly. B. Stops working properly.C. Opens the window for the driver.D. Sounds more frequently and loudly.13. A. A new device to reduce tiredness-related accidents.B. A new device to limit car speed.C. An invention to make driving more comfortable.D. A new regulation to punish dangerous driving.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Girls may give negative influence to boys.B. Girls always influence boys effectively.C. Boys are always as good as girls.D. Boys don’t perform well in certain schools.15. A. Boys should always study with fewer girls.B. Single-sex classes are available for maths.C. Mixed gender is preferred in science classes.D. Girls have better performance than boys.16. A. Boys are too shy to study with the opposite gender.B. Teachers like girls more than boys in English class.C. Boys prefer to interrupt the class more than girls.D. Teaching styles are more suitable for girls.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Applicant’s InformationEducation: University graduate; majoring in (17) ____________.Present job description: Offering (18) ____________ assistance to people.Personality: Easy-going and (19) ______________.Interviewing date: On (20) ______________.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.Why is the man interested in English? Because he likes to read English (21) _________. What is the man encouraged to do? To (22) _________ with the history knowledge.Why does the man think mind-map effective? Because it helps to remember (23) _________ information well.Why does the man want to be alawyer?To bring (24) _________ to people.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined airplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter (高度表) failed and she didn’t know how high she (25) ______ (fly). At night, and in a storm, a pilot was in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. With all the difficulties, Amelia Earhart wasn’t sure if she (26) ______ reach land. There was nothing to do but keep (27) ______ (go).In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland. It was with the great courage (28) ______ she made the safe landing. And for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she (29) ______ (honor) by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman (30) ______ (fly) the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time and was (31) _____ (skillful) than her previous flight. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation (航空) and that air travel was useful. Her passion for flight lasted in her remaining life (32) ______ she mysteriously disappeared from public in the year 1937.(B)It has become acceptable for people to say that women work less than men and therefore deserve less! It may have been true in the past when women were expected to stay at home and look after children, but women have changed over the years. They have “come out”! Gone (33) ______ (be) the days when they toiled (辛苦) the kitchen stove all day long; they are now aware of their needs and are willing to fight for them. They expect to be given the respect they deserve, both at home and at work. They have realized (34) ______ intellectual potential and have determined to do something about it!Women on two wheels have become (35) ______ familiar sight on the roads of most Asian countries during the past few years. It is common to find a woman (36) ______ (take) her children on her bicycle to school and then reaching her office in time.“Super woman” (37) ______ she is, it is rather difficult to combine a career and a decent home life. She needs to feel (38) ______ (support). She may arrive at work feeling as if she has already done a full day’s job. (39) ______ colleagues doubt her passion to her job, she will feel sad. At the same time, women of today expect their partners to contribute towards childcare and household chores.Today’s women are learning to avoid situations that make them feel more stressed and it is a hard struggle. (40) ______ ______ ______all this, the new woman, “the superpower” has arrived. She still believes in the power and value of a family unit and she holds it in high esteem (尊重).Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. attractionB. benefitC. enthusiasticallyD. commandE. satisfyF. undoubtedlyG. approvalH. treasuredI. viewedJ. developedK. considerablePublic image doesn’t make money directly, nor is it anything visible. However, excellent public image is such an important thing that it is 41 desired by every company, enterprise, institution, etc. Public image refers to how a company is 42 by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders (股东), by the financial community, by the communities where it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable to 43 extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are.A firm’s public image plays a vital role in the 44 of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders as stockholders, suppliers, creditors(贷款方), government officials, as well as different special groups. With some things it is impossible to 45 all the different publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the 46 of creditors and stockholders. However, it will 47 find resistance from employees who see their jobs threatened. On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, while low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon.A firm’s public image, if it is good, should be 48 . It is a valuable strength that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has49 a quality image, this is not easily imitated by competitors. Such an image may enablea firm to charge higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most favorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm’s stock to 50 higher price-earnings ratio(比例) than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Just as the stock market rises and falls in response to what people are willing to put their money behind, we have inside ourselves an inner economy that rises and falls in response to our beliefs about what is possible. Sometimes the degree to which we are willing to 51 our belief systems determines the success of our inner economy. For example, imagine that your family of origin had a belief that musical talent was not something they 52 . As a member of that group, you would likely 53 that same belief about yourself. As a result,even if you had a great desire to create music, you might be 54 to really get behind yourself. Because you might fear that your 55 would not pay off. Even if you had the courage to follow your passion, your inner belief that you are not 56 would probably stop your trying. And that would be a major 57 to invest your energy in your dream.On the other hand, belief isn’t anything 58 . If you found a way to 59 that negative belief, a great flood of energy would pour forth, greatly increasing the possibility of your success. How much energy we are willing to invest in the various ideas and dreams is like the money people are, or are not, willing to invest in the various products available for trade on the stock market. And in both cases, 60 plays a key role in determining how willing we are to get behind something. One way to open up the possibility for greater success in our inner economies is to understand that belief is not the reliable 61 we sometimes think. There are other more reliable things of success that we can put our 62 in, such as passion, feeling, and sense. Some of the most successful investors in the stock market are the ones that go against the grain, trusting their sense over the 63 opinion held by ordinary people about what will work.In the same way, we can learn to trust our heart’s desires and our sense to guide us, 64 any beliefs that stand in the way of our ability to fully invest in ourselves. As we take out energy from limiting ideas about what is possible, we 65 the resources that have the power to make our inner economy prosper.51. A. simplify B. challenge C. eliminate D. maintain52. A. possessed B. trusted C. objected D. missed53. A. reject B. preserve C. deny D. share54. A. willing B. sorry C. reluctant D. ready55 A. success B. knowledge C. profession D. investment56. A. devoted B. talented C. concerned D. interested57. A. obstacle B. excuse C. chance D. principle58. A. important B. fixed C. changeable D. stimulating59. A. enhance B. reserve C. release D. follow60. A. energy B. hobby C. expense D. belief61. A. guide B. ability C. goal D. policy62. A. aim B. faith C. task D. dream63. A. unacceptable B. strange C. unbelievable D. common64. A. questioning B. understanding C. interpreting D. believing65. A. stick to B. lead to C. free up D. leave outSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The vast jungles of the Amazon rainforest are home to tribes (部落) mostly isolated from the outside world, whose way of life, largely unchanged for hundreds of years, is now increasingly threatened by modern civilization.Now, scientists discover they can monitor these “uncontacted tribes” using satellites, which would allow inexpensive and safe tracking of these tribes in order to protect them from outside threats.In order to help preserve these uncontacted Indians, researchers need accurate estimates of their populations. One way to collect this data involves flying over their villages, but such over-flights are both expensive and could fill these native peoples with fear. Another strategy involves meeting individuals on the ground, but among other risks, scientists could accidentally spread disease to members of the tribes.Instead, scientists investigated whether satellite images could monitor uncontacted tribes. The result was inspiring. They confirmed their locations and measured the sizes of their village, houses and gardens. “We can find isolated villages wi th remote sensing and study them over time.” Walker told Live Science. “We can ask: Are they growing? Do they move?”Surprisingly, based on the sizes of the houses and villages, the scientists find the population densities of these isolated villages are about 10 times greater, on average, than other villages of native Brazilian peoples. This may be due to the fact that they have to live closer together because they are not as good at clearing the forest, since they lack modern devices like chainsaws and tractors, the researchers said. The tribes may also be afraid of spreading out due to fear of being attacked by outsiders, Walker said.The researchers now plan to focus on 29 more isolated villages to “look at their ecology— that is, distance from rivers and roads—and use this to model where else we can find more isolated villages,” Walker said.66. Scientists don’t want to meet the Indians on the ground due to the fear that ______.A. they can’t get accurate dataB. they could pass disease to the IndiansC. they will be attacked by the IndiansD. they will catch disease from the Indians67. According to the passage, which of the following about the Indian tribes is NOT true?A. They lack modern tools to cut forests.B. Their life styles remain unchanged.C. They live closer together for defense.D. They are contacting the outside world.68. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. More isolated tribes are yet to be discovered.B. Scientists are able to find 29 Amazon tribes in total.C. It’s easy for scientists to find isolated villages.D. More roads should be built for the tribes.69. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. The Disappearing of the Ancient Amazon Tribes.B. Discovery of Indian Tribes in Remote Mountains.C. The Threatening of Modern Civilization to Tribes.D. Research of Isolated Tribes with Modern Devices.(B)The Zebra Finch: An Owner’s Guide to a HappyHealthy PetThe zebra finch, a native of Australia, is a populardomestic pet in the United States. The bird has manyattributes (特性) which allow it to be kept at home, thoughthere are also a few negative aspects. The attributes arenest-building, breeding and a lively attitude. The potentialnegatives are over-breeding and the wildness of the birds.One of the main attributes of zebra finches is their ability to breed. They are the rabbits of the domestic bird world. Once you have two birds, male and female, you will soon have six, as they breed quite easily and have strong babies, usually four at a time. An added attribute is their ability to build their own nests. You can place branch in their place along with some kind of structure, and they will create a nest on their own. It’s very pleasant to see the ways males and females divide some labors and share others, and the babies grow up quickly. Overall, zebra finches are energetic birds, and they can make every place where they live delightful lives.On the negative side, they will breed and in-breed. Often, in-breeding does little harm and does not cause genetic defects (缺陷), as happens more often in other species. However, no one can tolerate just any population level. One has to either remove their nests altogether, which basically removes their personal living place, or check for eggs regularly once a week (the gestation period is 13 days, so even a one-week neglect can lead to births). Eggs can be replaced with false plastic eggs, and this prevents females from laying too many. If they do lay too many, they will die from mineral loss. Since these birds do not tame well, removing eggs can be an unpleasant process of repeatedly invading their personal space.Overall, it is unfortunate that zebra finches are inexpensive birds due to their high level of breeding. They require considerable care to live happy lives. The best care-takers are true avian fanciers — people who have appropriate space for the nests and enough time to allow them to nest-build and breed without over-breeding.70. What is the passage mainly about?A. Zebra finches over-breed by nature and its consequent ill effects.B. Only people who love birds can take care of Zebra finches.C. Domestic zebra finches require a lot of care to live happy lives.D. Zebra finches never become completely tame.71. By saying “They are the rabbits of the domestic bird world”, the writer means that bothrabbits and Zebra finches ______.A. have good ability to breedB. are difficult to be raisedC. live delightful livesD. share responsibilities72. In paragraph 3, the word “gestation” probably means ______.A. the period when eggs remain freshB. the time when finches build up their nest and lay eggsC. the time required for the parents to create a nestD. the time required for baby birds to develop and to be born73. According to the passage, attributes of domestic zebra finches include ______.A. their rareness and easiness to be tamedB. their nest-building, sharing of responsibilities and delightful personalitiesC. their in-breeding, which does not cause as much genetic harm as in other speciesD. the fact that they are from Australia and have difficulty in adapting themselves(C)“Does my smile look big in this?” Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtly adjust your reflection to make you look ─and hence feel ─happier, encouraging you to like what you see.That’s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other word, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones ─that laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way around ─is a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face ─as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown (皱眉).Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited (招募) 21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers’ emotional state would influence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely.The system could be used to manipulate consumers’impressions of products, say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.“It’s certainly an interesting area,” says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. “Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,” he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. “You could argue that if it makes people happy what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, uncomfortabl e and cheated if they found out.”74. What’s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To see whether one’s feeling can be unconsciously affected.B. To see whether one’s facial expressions can be altered.C. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.D. To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.75. What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It recorded the volunteers’ performance in the task.B. It gave the volunteers a false image.C. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.D. It beautified the volunteers’ appearance in the mirror.76. What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.B. It only works in clothing stores.C. It only makes subtle changes to people’s expressions.D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.77. What does Creed’s comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A. Nothing is more important than happiness.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. People should make their decisions independently.D. People should neglect the harm of the technology.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When e-mail first came into general use about twenty years ago, there was a lot of talk about the arrival of the paperless office. However, it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionize office communication. According to communications analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually seen an increase in paper as a result of e-mail. “Information in the form of e-mail messages now floods our computer screens. These messages can be sent so quickly that memos tend to be distributed in the hundreds. For those secretaries whose bosses ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their in-trays, this means using up a great deal of paper every month,” Metcalf says.Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace, important documents are increasingly likely to be asked by clients and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mail and by fax. This highlights a further potential problem with e-mail in today’s offices ─it is taking up time rather than saving it. “With e-mail, communication is much easier, but there is also more room for misunderstandings,” says psychologist Dr David Lewis. Generally, much less care is taken with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the document and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax.More worrying is still the increasing misuse of e-mail for sending “flame-mail”─inappropriate e-mail messages. Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive communications like this are on the increase. E-mail has become the perfect medium for conveying workplace dissatisfaction because it is so instant.E-mail can also be a problem in other ways. Staffs all too often make the mistake of thinking that the contents of the e-mail, like things said over the phone, are private and not permanent. But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal. E-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at least two years, so you might want to rethink e-mailing your dissatisfaction about your boss to your friends. The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)78. The promise of paperless office has not come true in many offices mainly because manysecretaries are asked to _____________.79. Why has e-mailing taken up time rather than saved it?80. There is an increasing concern that e-mails are misused by some employees to express_____________.81. It is advised that employees should not use company e-mails as a way of ___________.第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82. 昨晚我很累，没做完作业就睡了。
(完整word版)2015上海高考英语试题及答案,推荐文档
2015年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSectionADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. impatient B. confused C. pleased D. regretful2. A. at a bus stop B. at a laundry C. at the dentist’s D. at the chemist’s3. A. An actor B. A salesman C. A translator D. A writer4. A. He lost his cla ssmate’s homework. B. He can’t help the woman with her math.C. He broke the woman’s calculator.D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter. B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn’t finish grading the papers.D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory B. Find a person to share their apartmentC. Clean the room with the roommateD. Write an article about their roommate8. A. Bob won’t take her advice B. Bob doesn’t want to go abroadC. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseasD. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went aboard9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren’t allowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops .D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be askedthree questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It helps care for customers’ dogs. B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn’t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of cafe. B. A new brand of cafe.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10% B. 12% C. 6% D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____(empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This (29) _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.” You are just so much (30) _____ her.” You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice)kindness.(B)Ask helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) _____ (check) for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea (34) _____ there may be an important text. H e can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) _____ _____ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The te mptation to see (36)_____is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop (37) _____ (ignore) me, he say, “In a minute.” but still checks to see if (38)_____ has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) _____(interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptom. Maybe this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about “nomo phobia,” (40)_____ is a real illness people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note thatConsidering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a cooperation‘s image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential or, __41__, customer. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with__42__ to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These __43__ solutions are to meant to support better organizational performances.As employee hierarchies (等级制度) have flattened or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plain areas to more desirable locations within the office, and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been __44__ by changes in work station design. Offices and work spaces often are not __45__ to a given person on a permanent basis because of changes to method of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that __46__ workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places,and upgraded employees’ __47__ to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms. Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often __48__ demands,including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation(especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors(内饰) that in some way enhance,establish,or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to __49__ at their best.All these __50__ of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage --thewell-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. __51__, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more __52__ in people’s lives. The __53__ is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be __54__. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that __55__ attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the __56__ of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of e ach other’s individuality. Then students were asked to __57__ what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their __58__ judgments often held true. Students seemed to __59__ at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The __60__ KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones —natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling __61__ to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as __62__ as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for __63__ . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we __64__ attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to __65__ words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarity D. passions56. A. illustrations B. imaginations C. ingredients D. instructions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. transfer59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritatingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to bui ld a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.(392)66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4) means the time when______.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes_______.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full length feature film made bydirectors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine (粘土) charactersWallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understandwhy. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company toprotect the town’s veg etables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annualGiant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorizing the town. It isattacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competitionorganizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. Butthey will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermainewho is desperate to kill it.The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of PeterSallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully broughtto life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And bothHelena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes asVictor are really funny.To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for bothchildren and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and youappreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it!70.In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion of actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said.“H e was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advis ers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss? (481)73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Bade74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. the Adelmans’ programm e proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for busin ess motivationSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to y outh’s psycho-social development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté (2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance. (439)(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.目前，在网上购物的人越来越多，有人说在网上购物比在实体店购物优势多，有人说还是在实体店购物好。
请写一篇文章阐明你的观点。
你的文章必须包括：●简要介绍两种购物方式的不同之处●你喜欢那种购物方式？为什么？参考：Shopping online vs. shopping in physical storesAs scientific technologies developed faster and faster, our common lives have changed more and more, one of which is our shopping way.We have been shopping in physical stores, where a salesman may introduce many products to you and give you some advice about which one is the best choice, and you can try those clothes or shoes in person, even change another one if you find it not suitable to yourself.However, a new shopping method sprang up --- shopping online. There appear quantities of various stores on the Internet. You just need to click your mouse, and then you can see different kinds of commodities in them, with colorful pictures and detailed descriptions. If you are not clear about something, you can ask the customer service staff for help, who usually very kind and glad to answer your any question. Moreover, you can compare the same kind of products in different stores at the same time, which is able to save your time and avoid embarrassment.But every coin has two sides. Shopping online is not exceptional, so there are some disadvantages. First, you can never be sure whether the product is exactly what you see in the picture or read in the descriptions. What you receive may be much different from what is in your mind, for instance, strange color, wrong size or bad quality. Secondly, the products may be lost in the express delivery.From my perspective, I prefer shopping online, because I am too busy to have time go shopping in physical stores and goods online are usually cheaper. But I always choose the shops which have good reputation.【答案解析】文中包含题干的两个问题即可。
上海市闵行区高三下学期质量调研考试(一模)——英语英语
上海市闵行区2015届高三下学期质量调研考试（一模）英语试题第I卷（共103分）I. listening comprehension（略）II. Grammar and vocabulary：My husband, my four-month-old daughter and I set out on a five-day journey from California to Washington. We had to stop frequently __25_____(relax) ourselves.One of our stops, once we crossed the Oregon border, was at a Black Bear Diner. Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman ___26____ (stand) at one side. He was clearly untidy, without shoes and wearing worn clothing. We passed right by him and opened the restaurant door. Then something told me to go back.Thinking the gentleman ____27__need something to eat, I turned around and said to the gentleman, “Sir, are you hungry?”He said, “Yes.” I then asked, “May we buy you something to eat?” He responded with, “Sure, I can order something myself.”My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter. I told him to order __28__ he wanted. The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and looked frightened. I spoke before he had an opportunity to say anything. “This gentleman will have lunch with us today,” I said. “Please add his order __29__ our bill.” The manager said with a frown(皱眉), “Ok.” We turn ed to our table and the gentleman said, loudly and quickly, “Thank you!” Soon we seated ourselves at the table and upon finishing our meal we __30__ our bill. I asked my husband what the gentleman __31___(order). One fresh orange juice, one coffee, one breakfast combination with a slide of hash browns.When we left the restaurant I looked for the gentleman but didn’t see him, but that very small act just made my day. I hope in some small way we were able to bring some joy into his life, _32__ _____ it only lasted for a few minutes.B.Every time you go to the supermarket, you come away with your purchases in plastic bags. But wouldn’t it be kinder to the environment __33___ you asked for paper bags instead?__34__ answer is not as easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are disadvantages in using both plastic and paper bags.Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and , as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil.__35__(far) damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish(水母)，their main source of food，and often choke（噎死）on them.Floating plastic bags have been spotted as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far south as the southern end of South America, __36__ has caused great concern among scientists.However, this kind of bag does have its advantages.“Plastic grocery bags are some of the most ___37__(reuse) things around the house,” explained Laurie Kusek of the American Plastic Council.Although paper bags are believed to be more environment-friendly, the fact is unknown t some people __38__ paper bags use more energy when manufactured and create more wastes than plastic bags.So you may ask __39__, what to do. One possible solution would be t use biodegradable(可降解的) plastic bags. But it might be wiser to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags __40___ biodegradable products become more reliable.The unique features of colleges and universities in the US. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular US college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies __-41__ colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds, the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University Presiden t Vartan Gregorian. In America, people have a strong __42__ that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.”Foreign students also come in search of __43__. America’s menu of opinions---research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions--- is __44___. No any single Europeans country can offer such variety. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, there is onl y one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to ___45__ professional skills in a specific field, whether law or philosophy or Chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n) __46___ on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration.Such __47___ philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan，universities are __48___ only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money.Centralization(集权化) is likely to __49__ that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, it may also __50__ the testing of different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.”III. Reading comprehension:Apes and humans beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of __51__ by individuals.One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the ___52___ of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object---food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others--- was sufficient reason to __53___ force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females. thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.In the first place, the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the __54__ destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.In the second place it is observable, that __55__ occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were __56___ defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes are greatly to __57__ the invadingof a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the__58__ species. Monkeys do not mind being __59__ by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often __60__ . But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The ___61__ of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own___62__ .A child will be stopped either by __63__ causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be__64__ because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by __65___, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.51. A. fulfillment B. excitement C. isolation D. aggressiveness52. A. usage B. possession C. value D. collection53. A. turn to B. drive away C. come over D. make into54. A. moderate B. subtle C. complete D. temporary55. A. conflict B. negotiation C. agreement D. donation56. A. reluctantly B. violently C. unwillingly D. peacefully57.A. ignore B. accept C. prove D. hate58. A. similar B. modest C. strong D. reliable59. A. observed B. protected C. joined D. spoiled60. A. offensive B. considerate C. generous D. welcomed61. A. strength B. attitude C. competition D. emotion62. A. knowledge B. activity C. study D. personality63. A. natural B. physical C. financial D. academic64. A. enhanced B. operated C. extended D. prevented65. A. learning B. falling C. imitating D. refusingSection BA.Around the world coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are facing threats brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damage to corals caused by heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive in the long run.Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. I 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced one of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with the heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death.The coral’s ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who say the study’s results show the complexities of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors.“Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures,” said Deheyn, one of the researchers. “Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. These results are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.”66. According to the first paragraph, we know that ____________.A. different corals suffer differently by climate change.B. both heat and cold stress affect corals.C. cool temperature is more destructive to corals.D. it’s hard to know the effect of climate change on corals.67. The phrase “subjected to”(in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to”_______”.A. referred toB. adjusted toC. exposed toD. stuck to68. By “Not much has been known about…” Deheyn probably means that ______.A. we know very little about the effects of temperature decrease on coralsB. temperature decrease is not expected to have a bad effect on coralsC. it makes no sense to study the effects of temperature decrease on coralsD. corals may not have been affected by the decrease in temperature.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. measures should be taken to control global warming.B. Climate change has resulted in more cold currents.C. Heat is responsible for the destruction of corals.D. Heat can cold damage corals in their own ways.B.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and devices will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows (肘部) next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:●power tools rather than having t use muscle power.●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist to keep straight (See Figure I). Thismeans that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hangingrelaxed at a person’s side●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means having a selectionof sizes--- remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly importantconsideration for women who may use tools originally designed for men.●tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not havesharp edges or a small surface area.70. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Good Tool Design for WomenB. Tool Design and Prevention of InjuriesC. Examples of Good Tool DesignD. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection71. Which of the following describes a well-designed tool?A. It’s kept close to the body.B. It fully uses muscle power.C. It makes users feel relaxed.D. It’s operated wi th less force.72. What is Figure I used to show?A. The effective use of the toolB. The way of operating the tool.C. The proper design of the handle.D. The purpose of bending the wrist.73. In choosing tools for women, _______ of the handle is the most important.A. the sizeB. the edgeC. the shapeD. positionC.When we perceive other people, we seldom describe a person in cold and objective words. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More of ten, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly---perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in may ways. Social scientist Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person: questions, self-disclosures(自我表露)，and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and description It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent(前后不一致) behavior. Ironically (讽刺性的) those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enables us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements.)74. The word “pinpoint” (in 1st para0 is closest in means to _______.A. appreciateB. obtainC. identifyD. interpret75. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A. People like to be described in cold, objective words.B. It is impossible to get inside of a person.C. It is difficult to describe a person in words.D. Getting to know a person is usually no easy job.76. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ______.A. people do not reveal their true self on every occasionB. the best way to know a person is by making comparisonsC. in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directlyD. face –to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person77. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to _______.A. discuss the various aspects of getting to know peopleB. provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC. warn readers of the negative side of people’s charactersD. give advice on appropriate behaviors for social occasionsSection C:For years, there has been a bias (偏见) against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家). In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B. Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by … science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science.”The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying (确认) the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments — the tools of psychology — bring more lasting benefits than drugs.You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typ ical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”. Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment.”When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works. A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science whe n deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit （损伤名誉）itself.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)78. Clinical psychologists can’t explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because they relyon____________________.79. What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science?80. According to Baker, what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from learning or practicing effective treatment?81. To avoid discrediting psychology, clinical psychologists need to __________________.第II卷（共47分）I. Translation:82. 你有兴趣参加今晚的英语演讲比赛吗？（mood）83. 新建的医院让这里的居民就医方便多了。
上海市闵行区高三一模英语试题
闵行区2013学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚。
答题时客观题用2B铅笔按要求填涂，主观题用黑色水笔书写。
2. 本试卷分为第I 卷和第II 卷，共12页。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第I 卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He ’s a mechanic. B. He ’s a taxi driver. C. He ’s a salesman. D. He ’s an engineer.2. A. Her son ’s health. B. Her son ’s studies. C. Her son ’s poor grades. D. Her son’s ability for the job.3. A. The man also needs new tennis shoes.B. The man is out of shape.C. The man doesn ’t need some new balls.D. The man spent too much on his tennis shoes.4. A. He is learning about advertising. B. He is the new advertising manager. C. He is interviewing the woman. D. He is waiting for an interview.5. A. The man is late for the trip because he is busy. B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person. C. The man is meeting the woman in stead of Mr. Brown. D. The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.6. A. Alice didn ’t seem to be nervous during her speech. B. Alice needs more training in making public speeches. C. The man can hardly understand Alice ’s presentation.学校_______________________ 班级__________ 准考证号_________ 姓名______________…………………密○………………………………………封○………………………………………○线…………………………………D. The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation.7. A. It is typical December weather for this region.B. It won’t snow until December.C. There has never been much snow down South.D. Such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.8. A. He has too many dreams. B. He likes to sleep.C. He doesn’t have many ideas.D. He doesn’t put his idea into practice.9. A. She prefers chemistry. B. She hasn’t got a partner yet.C. She is too tired of chemistry.D. She is too busy to work on her chemistry.10. A. If the game is held there the team will lose.B. If the game is held there the team will win.C. It makes no difference since the team will lose.D. It makes no difference since the team will win.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The common characteristic of Hollywood films.B. The main character in action films.C. The conflict between two men in the film.D. The most interesting story of Hollywood films.12. A. The main character is worth believing.B. The main character is interested in fight.C. The main character used to be humble.D. The main character undergoes a change.13. A. We can learn how bad persons can improve themselves.B. We can learn how to deal with people.C. We can understand life a little better.D. We can find better ways to cope with conflicts.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The increasing cost of living. B. A shortage of certain goods.C. A not-large-enough income.D. Nothing is left over to put away.15. A. The workers are getting lower and lower wages.B. The government makes no effort.C. People demand more and better goods.D. There are always shortages of goods.16. A. It helps merchants to produce more goods.B. It helps the workers to earn more money.C. It helps people to make his income meet the cost of living.D. It helps the government to battle the increasing cost of living.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?(25)______ immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth (26) ______ (talk) about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage(高电压) transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down (27) ______ ______ it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero (28) ______ (experience) life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? (29) ______ the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, (30) ______ who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India (31) ______ still be part of the British Empire. (32) ______ may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.(B)When young people get their real jobs, they may face a lot of new, confusing situation. They may find that everything is different from the way things (33) ______ (be) at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable in both professional and social situations. Eventually, they realize that university classes can’t be the only pre paration for all of the different situations (34) ______ appear in the working world.Perhaps the best way (35) ______ (learn) how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior. In doing so, you’ll be able to se e what it is (36) ______ you admire in this person. For example, you will observe how he acts when he is in trouble. Perhaps even (37) ______ (important), you will be able to see what his approach to everyday situations (38) ______ (be). While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like (39) ______ and how you can learn from his response to different situations. By (40) ______ (learn) from a model, you will probably begin to identify and learn good working habits.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the time that records have been kept of bird populations, 20 percent of all species have gone 41 . More are likely to follow. In March the 42 of a large-scale, 24-year survey gave one of the clearest pictures yet of the decline of Australian and Asian shorebirds, including the long-distance migrants (候鸟) that are most difficult to 43 . The results of the survey are awful.Every October for more than two decades, teams from the University of New South Wales in Australia counted birds from an airplane flown low over 130,000 square miles of wetlands in the eastern third of the continent. Their 44 showed a steady decline, beginning in the mid-1980s. By 2006 the number of migratory shorebirds had dropped by 73 percent and the number of Australia’s resident of shorebirds had fallen by 81 percent. “The45 of the decline took us by surprise,”says evolutionary ecologist Silke Nebel of the University of Western Ontario in London, the lead author of the report.The survey 46 that inland wetlands were more important to both resident and migratory birds than had been 47 , and that wetland loss from damming (筑坝) and the diversion (分散) of river water for irrigation was at least in part 48 for the shorebird decline in Australia. But wetlands are becoming smaller in countries all along the major flyway that 49 from eastern Siberia to New Zealand, the study’s authors note, so protecting the 8 million birds that use the corridor 50 will require an international solution.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre (大屠杀) on the road may be regarded as a(n) 51 problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people, just ordinary people acting 52 , you might say. But it is a 53 both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one’s actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the 54 go even beyond carelessness to total irresponsibility.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to (归因于) the 55 condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can affect drivers’ reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be56 . The experts warn that it is 57 for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one’s emotions under control.Yet drivers are not the only ones to blame for the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem. Street walkers 58 break traffic regulations, they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and many cyclists even 59 that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety 60 for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. 61 , speed limits have been lowered. Due to these62 , the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting 63 , say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task. It 64 constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a(n) 65 to those with whom they share the road.51. A. social B. practical C. emotional D. legal52. A. strangely B. fearlessly C. carelessly D. selfishly53. A. priority B. principle C. process D. system54. A. survivors B. victims C. suspects D. killers55. A. psychological B. current C. original D. different56. A. impossible B. evident C. avoidable D. serious57. A. abstract B. difficult C. unusual D. vital58. A. accidentally B. consequently C. regularly D. rarely59. A. accuse B. object C. acknowledge D. believe60. A. records B. standards C. proposals D. belts61. A. As a result B. No wonderC. In additionD. On the other hand62. A. measures B. rights C. experts D. warnings63. A. effect B. solution C. change D. achievement64. A. calls for B. aims at C. takes on D. turns to65. A. result B. argument C. threat D. informationSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)(You may read the questions first.)Keen to share your views and have your articles published in the Campus Link? WeResearch:If this noble line of work is your bread andbutter or passion, we want to hear fromyou! Share with Campus Link your researchdevelopments and breakthroughs. If youknow of someone (your schoolmate orteacher) whose research work is a source ofinspiration for our community, do nothesitate to send in your suggestions!66. In the Lifestyle section, you may not find ____________.A. journals of travelsB. well-taken photographsC. stories of Leonard MaltinD. opinions on restaurants67. Which of the following is TRUE about Campus Link?A. It offers readers bread and butter.B. It welcomes research developments and breakthroughs.C. It helps you to recognize your schoolmates and teachers.D. It is a source of inspiration for the community.68. The poster aims to __________.A. declare the rights of Campus LinkB. introduce someone worthy of featureC. share views and articles among teachersD. encourage contributions for the next issue(B)As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper.Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either.Paralyzed (使失去活力) by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell (魔咒).According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world’s population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who don’t delay. Procrastinators like tofind excuses to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong.Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones.Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent (过失的）in a society that thinks of speedy action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good.Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is “designed” to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.69. From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _________.A. procrastination is beneficial to many studentsB. many students are under great pressure in their studyC. lots of college students work hard to write good essays on timeD. many students have the habit of delaying finishing their tasks70. Which behavior belongs to procrastination?A. Never dream away the time.B. Always complete the tasks ahead of time.C. Never put off till tomorrow what should be done today.D. Always wait to work until the “good mood” or “good time”.71. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?A. Procrastination makes people waste their time.B. Procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.C. Speedy action is considered as a moral standard in the society.D. Procrastination is common among people.72. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. Measures to deal with procrastination.B. Approaches to handling the study pressures.C. More examples to illustrate procrastination.D. Introduction to the book The Procrastination Equation.(C)It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on by way of the group’s online service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened inAustralia. It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the hurry of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia(安乐死). In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes (多米诺骨牌) to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death — probably by a deadly injection or pill — to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed (诊断) as Terminally Ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year- old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill Law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.73. Which of the following has the similar meaning to “But the tide is unlikely to turn back.”?A. What happened in Australia can change world history.B. It is impossible to pass the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law.C. Doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.D. That the Law has been passed probably can’t be changed.74. From the second paragraph we learn that __________.A. the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB. physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC. changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hurry passage of the lawD. it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage75. By saying “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”, the author means__________.A. observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB. similar bills are likely to be passed in the U.S., Canada and other countriesC. observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD. the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop76. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will __________.A. face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB. experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC. have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD. undergo a cooling off period of seven days77. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of __________.A. oppositionB. doubtC. approvalD. anxietySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ d esire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon emission(排放) has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to convey clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted the standard, they can use a logo in all their marketing, which makes it clear that they are work ing towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS.)78. According to the passage, what is likely to influence shops on what to sell?79. A company may lose its regular customers unless ______________________.80. According to Harry Morrison, businesses will benefit from __________________.81. According to the last two paragraphs, companies can gain advantages by ____________.第II 卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82. 越来越多的年轻人花在网上浏览的时间比看书还多。
2015年上海各区高三英语一模分类汇编：翻译及答案
2015年上海各区高三英语一模分类汇编：翻译及答案宝山区1.你能告诉我你热衷于网络游戏的原因吗？(crazy)2.宁大家满意的是，政府采取的措施比预期的要更有效。
(measure)3.谈到向别人表达感谢时，除了“谢谢”外，还有许多更有创意的方式。
(come)4.对于一再挑战极限的人来说，冒险是一种生活方式。
(challenge)5.任何人仅凭背单词是不可能考出好成绩的，更不用说具有和老外交流的能力。
(Only)静安区1.你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会吗？(possible)2.桌上有本最新版的英语字典。
(On)3.意识到健康重要性的人们正在越来越关注他们的饮食。
(aware)4.正式我国宇航员的精神才使我们克服了所有的艰难险阻。
(enable)5.每天仅允许两百名游客进入博物馆参观，因为里面的物品非常珍贵。
(admit)普陀区1.孩子们总是对圣诞节的礼物充满好奇。
(curious)2.我们不确定能否按时完成任务。
(sure)3.对学生而言，身心健康与在学业表现中取得的进步同样重要。
(as…as)4.评委及专家们对他昨天在表演时脸部表情及手势动作的印象极为深刻。
(impress)5.大家一致认为任何有责任心和毅力的人都有资格申请该职位。
(whoever)闸北区1.Mary的表演从来没有这样令人印象深刻。
(Never)2.谁到的最晚，就得为今天的晚餐买单。
(Whoever)3.据报道，父母之间的关系将大大影响孩子的学习成绩。
(It)4.在世界许多地方，重男轻女的现象令女性在教育就业方面处于劣势。
(phenomenon)5.商家制造的一年一度的消费节为老百姓提供了花小钱买高品质商品的机会。
嘉定区1.学生们轮流到附近的火车站做志愿者。
(turn)2.他肯定早就意识到了英语的重要性，所以英语那么好。
(aware)3.不管多忙，我们每天都应给家人腾出些时间来。
(spare)4.我认为就此问题与那些固执己见的人争论下去没有意义了。
上海闵行区年高三一模英语试卷
闵行区2013学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚。
答题时客观题用2B铅笔按要求填涂，主观题用黑色水笔书写。
2. 本试卷分为第I 卷和第II 卷，共12页。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第I 卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He ’s a mechanic. B. He ’s a taxi driver. C. He ’s a salesman. D. He ’s an engineer.2. A. Her son ’s health. B. Her son ’s studies. C. Her son ’s poor grades. D. Her son ’s ability for the job.3. A. The man also needs new tennis shoes.B. The man is out of shape.C. The man doesn ’t need some new balls.D. The man spent too much on his tennis shoes.4. A. He is learning about advertising. B. He is the new advertising manager. C. He is interviewing the woman. D. He is waiting for an interview.5. A. The man is late for the trip because he is busy. B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person. C. The man is meeting the woman in stead of Mr. Brown. D. The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.6. A. Alice didn ’t seem to be nervous during her speech. B. Alice needs more training in making public speeches. C. The man can hardly understand Alice ’s presentation.学校_______________________ 班级__________ 准考证号_________ 姓名______________…………………密○………………………………………封○………………………………………○线…………………………………D. The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation.7. A. It is typical December weather for this region.B. It won’t snow until December.C. There has never been much snow down South.D. Such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.8. A. He has too many dreams. B. He likes to sleep.C. He doesn’t have many ideas.D. He doesn’t put his idea into practice.9. A. She prefers chemistry. B. She hasn’t got a partner yet.C. She is too tired of chemistry.D. She is too busy to work on her chemistry.10. A. If the game is held there the team will lose.B. If the game is held there the team will win.C. It makes no difference since the team will lose.D. It makes no difference since the team will win.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The common characteristic of Hollywood films.B. The main character in action films.C. The conflict between two men in the film.D. The most interesting story of Hollywood films.12. A. The main character is worth believing.B. The main character is interested in fight.C. The main character used to be humble.D. The main character undergoes a change.13. A. We can learn how bad persons can improve themselves.B. We can learn how to deal with people.C. We can understand life a little better.D. We can find better ways to cope with conflicts.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The increasing cost of living. B. A shortage of certain goods.C. A not-large-enough income.D. Nothing is left over to put away.15. A. The workers are getting lower and lower wages.B. The government makes no effort.C. People demand more and better goods.D. There are always shortages of goods.16. A. It helps merchants to produce more goods.B. It helps the workers to earn more money.C. It helps people to make his income meet the cost of living.D. It helps the government to battle the increasing cost of living.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?(25)______ immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth (26) ______ (talk) about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage(高电压) transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down (27) ______ ______ it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero (28) ______ (experience) life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? (29) ______ the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, (30) ______ who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India (31) ______ still be part of the British Empire. (32) ______ may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.(B)When young people get their real jobs, they may face a lot of new, confusing situation. They may find that everything is different from the way things (33) ______ (be) at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable in both professional and social situations. Eventually, they realize that university classes can’t be the only preparation for all of the different situations (34) ______ appear in the working world.Perhaps the best way (35) ______ (learn) how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior. In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is (36) ______ you admire in this person. For example, you will observe how he acts when he is in trouble. Perhaps even (37) ______ (important), you will be able to see what his approach to everyday situations (38) ______ (be). While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like (39) ______ and how you can learn from his response to different situations. By (40) ______ (learn) from a model, you will probably begin to identify and learn good working habits.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the time that records have been kept of bird populations, 20 percent of all species have gone 41 . More are likely to follow. In March the 42 of a large-scale, 24-year survey gave one of the clearest pictures yet of the decline of Australian and Asian shorebirds, including the long-distance migrants (候鸟) that are most difficult to 43 . The results of the survey are awful.Every October for more than two decades, teams from the University of New South Wales in Australia counted birds from an airplane flown low over 130,000 square miles of wetlands in the eastern third of the continent. Their 44 showed a steady decline, beginning in the mid-1980s. By 2006 the number of migratory shorebirds had dropped by 73 percent and the number of Australia’s resident of shorebirds had fallen by 81 percent. “The45 of the decline took us by surprise,”says evolutionary ecologist Silke Nebel of the University of Western Ontario in London, the lead author of the report.The survey 46 that inland wetlands were more important to both resident and migratory birds than had been 47 , and that wetland loss from damming (筑坝) and the diversion (分散) of river water for irrigation was at least in part 48 for the shorebird decline in Australia. But wetlands are becoming smaller in countries all along the major flyway that 49 from eastern Siberia to New Zealand, the study’s authors note, so protecting the 8 million birds that use the corridor 50 will require an international solution.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre (大屠杀) on the road may be regarded as a(n) 51 problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people, just ordinary people acting 52 , you might say. But it is a 53 both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one’s actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the 54 go even beyond carelessness to total irresponsibility.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to (归因于) the 55 condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can affect drivers’ reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be56 . The experts warn that it is 57 for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one’s emotions under control.Yet drivers are not the only ones to blame for the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem. Street walkers 58 break traffic regulations, they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and many cyclists even 59 that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety 60 for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. 61 , speed limits have been lowered. Due to these62 , the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting 63 , say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task. It 64 constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a(n) 65 to those with whom they share the road.51. A. social B. practical C. emotional D. legal52. A. strangely B. fearlessly C. carelessly D. selfishly53. A. priority B. principle C. process D. system54. A. survivors B. victims C. suspects D. killers55. A. psychological B. current C. original D. different56. A. impossible B. evident C. avoidable D. serious57. A. abstract B. difficult C. unusual D. vital58. A. accidentally B. consequently C. regularly D. rarely59. A. accuse B. object C. acknowledge D. believe60. A. records B. standards C. proposals D. belts61. A. As a result B. No wonderC. In additionD. On the other hand62. A. measures B. rights C. experts D. warnings63. A. effect B. solution C. change D. achievement64. A. calls for B. aims at C. takes on D. turns to65. A. result B. argument C. threat D. informationSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)(You may read the questions first.)Keen to share your views and have your articles published in the Campus Link? WeResearch:If this noble line of work is your bread andbutter or passion, we want to hear fromyou! Share with Campus Link your researchdevelopments and breakthroughs. If youknow of someone (your schoolmate orteacher) whose research work is a source ofinspiration for our community, do nothesitate to send in your suggestions!66. In the Lifestyle section, you may not find ____________.A. journals of travelsB. well-taken photographsC. stories of Leonard MaltinD. opinions on restaurants67. Which of the following is TRUE about Campus Link?A. It offers readers bread and butter.B. It welcomes research developments and breakthroughs.C. It helps you to recognize your schoolmates and teachers.D. It is a source of inspiration for the community.68. The poster aims to __________.A. declare the rights of Campus LinkB. introduce someone worthy of featureC. share views and articles among teachersD. encourage contributions for the next issue(B)As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper.Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either.Paralyzed (使失去活力) by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell (魔咒).According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world’s population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who don’t delay. Procrastinators like tofind excuses to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong.Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones.Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent (过失的）in a society that thinks of speedy action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good.Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is “designed” to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.69. From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _________.A. procrastination is beneficial to many studentsB. many students are under great pressure in their studyC. lots of college students work hard to write good essays on timeD. many students have the habit of delaying finishing their tasks70. Which behavior belongs to procrastination?A. Never dream away the time.B. Always complete the tasks ahead of time.C. Never put off till tomorrow what should be done today.D. Always wait to work until the “good mood” or “good time”.71. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?A. Procrastination makes people waste their time.B. Procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.C. Speedy action is considered as a moral standard in the society.D. Procrastination is common among people.72. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. Measures to deal with procrastination.B. Approaches to handling the study pressures.C. More examples to illustrate procrastination.D. Introduction to the book The Procrastination Equation.(C)It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on by way of the group’s on line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened inAustralia. It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the hurry of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia(安乐死). In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes (多米诺骨牌) to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death — probably by a deadly injection or pill — to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed (诊断) as Terminally Ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year- old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill Law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.73. Which of the following has the similar meaning to “But the tide is unlikely to turn back.”?A. What happened in Australia can change world history.B. It is impossible to pass the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law.C. Doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.D. That the Law has been passed probably can’t be changed.74. From the second paragraph we learn that __________.A. the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB. physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC. changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hurry passage of the lawD. it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage75. By saying “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”, the author means__________.A. observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB. similar bills are likely to be passed in the U.S., Canada and other countriesC. observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD. the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop76. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will __________.A. face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB. experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC. have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD. undergo a cooling off period of seven days77. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of __________.A. oppositionB. doubtC. approvalD. anxietySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon emission(排放) has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to convey clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted the standard, they can use a logo in all their marketing, which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS.)78. According to the passage, what is likely to influence shops on what to sell?79. A company may lose its regular customers unless ______________________.80. According to Harry Morrison, businesses will benefit from __________________.81. According to the last two paragraphs, companies can gain advantages by ____________.第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82. 越来越多的年轻人花在网上浏览的时间比看书还多。
2015届高三下学期一模诊断测试英语试题及答案
2015届高三下学期一模诊断测试英语试题第I卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where does the conversation take place?A．In a bookstore．B．In a library．C．In a restaurant．2．What caused the difference in the price?A．The color．B．The size．C．The material．3．How much does the woman weigh now?A．150 pounds．B．153 pounds．C．163 pounds．4．What does the man do?A．A traffic policeman．B．A taxi driver．C．An airport clerk．5．What will the woman probably do tonight?A．Work in the office．B．Watch TV at home．C．Go to dinner with the man．第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What is the survey about?A．Popular sports events．B．TV programs people like best．C．Things people do after work．7．How did the woman do the survey?A．She talked to people in public places．B．She posted the survey on the Intemet．C．She collected information from newspapers．听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。