2016年度全国医学考博英语统考-阅读理解全解及详解

2016年

Passage one

Parents are on a journey of discovery with each child whose temperament, biology, and sleep habits result in a unique sleep-wake pattern. It can be frustrating when children’s sleep habits do not conform to the household schedule. Helping the child develop good sleep habits in childhood takes time and parental attention, but it will have beneficial results throughout life. An understanding of the changing patterns of the typical sleep-wake cycle in children will help alleviate any unfounded concerns.Maintaining a sleep diary for each child will provide the parents with baseline information in assessing the nature and severity of childhood sleep problems.observant patents will come to recognize unusual sleep disruptions or those that persist or intensify.

一对父母发表了一篇关于孩子的性情（temperament：predisposition）、生理以及睡眠习惯会导致不一样睡眠-觉醒模式。当孩子的睡眠习惯不能遵从(conform to 遵从)家庭的规划时间睡眠是很困惑的一件事情。帮助孩子养成好的睡眠习惯，需要花费时间和父母的操心，但好的睡眠习惯对孩子终生受益。了解孩子典型的睡眠周期可以减少父母的无端犹豫，坚持为每个孩子写睡眠日记，能够提供最基本的信息，用来评估孩子睡眠问题的本质和严重程度。善于观察的父母就能够意识到异常睡眠的困惑所在或那些持续睡眠异常或严重的问题。Developmental changes throughout childhood bring differences in the

sleep-wake cycle and in the type and frequency of parasomnias that may interrupt sleep. Medical consultation to rule out illness, infection of injury is prudent if the child’s sleep problems prevent adequate sleep and result in an ongoing sleep deficit. As reported by news-medical in Child Health News,children’s sleep problems should be taken seriously as they may be a “marker” for predicting later risk of early adolescent substance use. In the same article.University of Michigan psychiatry professor kirk Brower, who has studied “the interplay of alcohol and sleep in adults” stressed that “the finding does not mean there’s a cause-and –effect relationship.”童年时间发育的变化会引起睡眠周期和类型的变化，频繁的睡眠异常会困扰睡眠。如果儿童睡眠问题阻止了充分的睡眠和导致进行性睡眠匮乏，需要就诊于医院谨慎的排除疾病以及感染的损伤引起。在Child Health News报道医疗新闻称儿童睡眠问题应该被重视，它可能是少年时期体质多病的“预警”。美国的Brower教授写了一篇相同的文章，他研究了成年酒精和睡眠的相互影响，强调他发现两者之间并不是因果关系。

1.Parasonmials异睡症

2.Prudent 谨慎的；精明的；节约的

3.Adolescent 青春期

4.interplay相互影响

consultation with child psychologist may be helpful if frightening

dreams intensify and become more frequent as this may indicate a particular problem or life circumstance that needs to be changed or one that the child may need extra help working through.

如果孩子做噩梦的程度和频率恶化，可能表明有特殊问题或者需要改变生活环境，或者遇到了需要额外帮助才能应对的问题，这时可能还需要咨询心理学家。

Most childhood sleep disturbance will diminish over time as the brain matures and a regular sleep-wake cycle is established. Parental guidance is crucial to development of healthy sleep habits in children.

随着大脑的成熟，多数儿童睡眠困扰都会消失以及规律的睡眠周期的建立。在儿童期在建立良好的睡眠习惯父母的指导是非常重要。61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is_____________.

A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles

62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.

D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for their children

63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.

A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use

64. What is the author trying to tell us in thethird paragraph?

B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.

65. What is the main idea of the passage?