级国际经济学试题答案参考

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(完整)国际经济学考试题库(答案版)

(完整)国际经济学考试题库(答案版)

一、试述H-O模型的主要内容并予以评价。

1、基本内容:资本丰富的国家在资本密集型产品上相对供给能力较强,劳动丰富的国家则在劳动密集型产品上相对供给能力较强。

根据比较优势原则,一国出口密集使用其丰富要素的产品,进口密集使用其稀缺要素的产品.要素的自然禀赋—要素供给—要素的相对富饶程度—要素相对价格—生产成本差异-商品价格差异—贸易的发生2、评价:贡献:a、从一国经济资源优势解释国际贸易发生的原因;b、从实际优势出发决定贸易模式;c、从贸易对经济的影响分析贸易的作用.局限性:a、禀赋并非贸易发生的充分条件;b、对需求因素未予以充分考虑,影响了理论对实际情况的分析;c、过分强调静态结果,排除技术进步及实际存在的情况,影响了理论的适用性.二、结合货币市场和外汇市场,以美元为本币,请画图美联储增加货币供给后,美元对欧元的汇率将如何变动.外汇指的是以外国货币表示的,为各国普遍接受的,可用于国际间债权债务结算的各种支付手段。

货币政策是指政府或中央银行为影响经济活动所采取的措施,尤指控制货币供给以及调控利率的各项措施。

一国货币供给的增加会使该国货币在外汇市场上贬值。

美国的货币市场决定美元的利率,美元利率则影响维持利率平价的汇率。

所以当美联储增加货币供给后,会导致美元相对欧元的贬值。

但美元供给的变动对长期利率和实际产出没有影三、什么是恶性通货膨胀,可能导致恶性通货膨胀的原因以及应对措施。

恶性通货膨胀又称“超速通货膨胀”,是三位数以上的通货膨胀。

指流通货币量的增长速度大大超过货币流通速度的增长,货币购买力急剧下降,物价水平加速上升,整体物价水平以极高速度快速上涨的现象,使民众对货币价值失去信心.由于货币的流通量增加快速,使货币变得没有价值时,人们会急于要以货币换取实物,人心惶惶的结果只会更加速通货膨胀的恶化,整体经济濒临崩溃边缘。

恶性通货膨胀是一种不能控制的通货膨胀,在物价很快地上涨的情况下,就使货币失去价值.在社会经济发展和运行中,如果某一国家或地区出现了恶性的通货膨胀、剧烈的汇率波动或严重的地区政治冲突,其发行的信用货币(纸币)将存在很大的风险。

国际经济学试卷试题包括答案.docx

国际经济学试卷试题包括答案.docx

《国际经济学》选择题汇总版(附答案)Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA)the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B)the United States is a“ Superpower. ”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D)the United States invests in many other countries.E)many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A)the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B)the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C)the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D)the U.S. may not impose export duties.E)the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3.International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields A) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4.International monetary analysis focuses onA)the real side of the international economy.B)the international trade side of the international economy.C)the international investment side of the international economy.D)the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E)the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5.The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the EuropeanUni on.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6.The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D)intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of tradebetween neighboringcountries.E)European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A)Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B)Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on governm ent promotion of trade and investment.C)Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a pro ductive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D)Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on impor ts.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8.We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A)This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B)This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are smallcountri es.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9.In the present, most of the exports from Chinaare A) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10.A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11.The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle o f comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B)differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D)differences in resources.E)gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find itsconsump tion bundleA)inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D)inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United Sta tes equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA)U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B)U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C)U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D)U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E)U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14.In a two-country, two-product world, the statement“ Germanyenjoys acomparativ e advantage over France in autos relative toships ”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ship s.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15.If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA)the United States has no comparative advantageB)Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C)the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D)Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E)the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can bemutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B)The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can bemutually beneficial.C)Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D)Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standar ds of qualityE) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2.Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most o f its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in r ice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3.In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB)LandC)ClothD)FoodE)Technology4.The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ fa ctor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; two C)two; one D)three; two E)four; three5.The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equa l to ________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A)-MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB)-MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC)-MPLF/MPLC; is constantD)-MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE)-MPLC/MPLF; is constant6.Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce clothwill be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B)the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C)the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D)the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E)the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of clot h.7.In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity ofla bor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that ofcloth C) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8.A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B)it employs a unique technology.C)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D)its wage rate is below the world average.E)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9.In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobil e factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positive C)positive; ambiguous; ambiguous D)negative; ambiguous; ambiguous E)positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries willb e ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB)fewer; lower; immobileC)more; lower; immobileD)more; higher; mobileE)more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment ra te.B)the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C)those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D)foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differin A)tastes and preferences.B)military capabilities.C)the size of their economies.D)relative abundance of factors of production.E)labor productivities.13.If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measure d on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibil ity frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of goodY. D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E)the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the costof labor.14.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners ofa country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensiv ely.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC)benefit; scarce; exportD)benefit; scarce; importE)harm; scarce; export15.The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D)comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E)global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic coun tries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B)an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C)a global increase in the relative price of food.D)a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E)an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17.Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Coun try H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA)failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B)supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C)supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D)failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E)proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors a cross borders.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D)The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industr ies.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-i ntensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors a cross borders.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in thei nternational marketplace, thenA)the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B)all countries would be better off.C)the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D)the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in thei nternational marketplace, thenA)world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D)world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E)world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA)have no effect on terms of trade.B)improve the terms of trade of the United States.C)improve the terms of trade of all countries.D)because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E)raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of sub sidies for its exports, this mustA)decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B)have no effect on its terms of trade.C)improve its terms of trade.D)harm its terms of trade.E)harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA)falls as the average firm grows larger.B)rises as the industry grows larger.C)falls as the industry grows larger.D)rises as the average firm grows larger.E)remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by _______.A)reduce; increased; the industryB)reduce; increased; a firmC)increase; increased; a firmD)increase; increased; the industryE)reduce; reduce; the industry7.If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we sh ould not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C)inter-industry trade between countries.D)high levels of specialization in both countries.E)increased productivity in both countries.8.A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB)output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC)unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD)output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE)labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than __ ______ because factors of production are generally ________.A)external economies; natural resources; mobileB)internal economies; external economies; mobileC)external economies; population; immobileD)internal economies; population; immobileE)population; external economies; immobile10.Monopolistic competition is associatedwith A) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions. D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11.A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA)positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B)zero economic profits because of free entryC)positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D)negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E)positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12.The most common form of price discrimination in international tradeis A) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a forei gn firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign countr y. Both are ________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ______ __.A)foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB)foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC)foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD)foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE)foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA)import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B)import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C)import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D)the same as import quotas.E)import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15.A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff isthat A) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of thetariff. B) the industry may never "mature."C)most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D)the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E)the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16.In the country levying the tariff, the tariff will A)increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17.If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift fr om domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D)depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E)no longer apply.18.When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates. E) rise in only the effective tariff rat e.19.Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition ofa tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of thetra de rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D)production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E)terms of trade gain.20.The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs ar e dismantledand removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decreaseB) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national econo mic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, henceincreasin g national economic welfare.D)deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing na tional economic welfare.E)government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfar e.21.Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A)World BankB)World Trade OrganizationC)International Monetary OrganizationD)International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE)The League of Nations22.Today U.S. protectionism is concentratedin A) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D)computer intensive industries.E)capital-intensive industries.23.The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industryis best explained by the fact thatA)this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B)this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C)most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D)this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E)the technology involved is very advanced.欢迎下载1124.The optimum tariff is most likely to applyto A) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country. C)a large tariff imposed by a small country. D) alarge tariff imposed by a large country. E) anad valorem tariff on a small country.25.The median voter modelA)works well in the area of trade policy.B)is not intuitively reasonable.C)tends to result in biased tariff rates.D)does not work well in the area of trade policy.E)is not widely practiced in the United States.欢迎下载12。

国际经济学题库(含参考答案)

国际经济学题库(含参考答案)

国际经济学题库(含参考答案)一、单选题(共50题,每题1分,共50分)1、区域一体化组织中最松散、最低级的形式是()A、关税同盟B、自由贸易区C、共同市场D、优惠贸易安排正确答案:D2、要素价格均等化表明()A、一国丰富要素所有者受益,稀缺要素所有者受损B、一国丰富要素所有者受损,稀缺要素所有者受益C、一国丰富要素所有者和稀缺要素所有者都受益D、一国丰富要素所有者和稀缺要素所有者都受益正确答案:A3、下列不属于关税同盟动态效应的是()A、大市场效应B、加剧竞争C、吸引外资D、贸易创造效应正确答案:D4、如果开放前一国X产品的相对价格低于其贸易伙伴,则贸易后该国()A、进口 X产品B、生产者福利增加C、整体福利下降D、消费者福利增加正确答案:B5、下列()会给本国带来较大的贸易创造效应。

A、本国对贸易商品的供给弹性较大B、本国对成员国的初始关税较大C、本国与成员国之间贸易商品的成本差别较大D、本国对贸易商品的需求弹性较小正确答案:D6、初级产品的出口价格若下降,其出口量将增加,出口总收入()A、不变B、增加C、下降D、不确定正确答案:C7、马歇尔一勒纳条件所要说明的是在供给弹性()的情况下,本币贬值能够改善贸易收支的进出口需求弹性条件。

A、零B、无穷大C、1D^大于零小于1正确答案:B8、假设中国和美国都能生产小麦和布,中国将一单位劳动时间全部生产布,可以生产50米;全部生产小麦,可以生产80千克;美国将一单位劳动时间全部生产布,可以生产40米;全部生产小麦,可以生产 100千克。

如果开放后的国际交换比价为1米布=L 8千克小麦,则下列说法正确的是()A、无法比较美国和中国的获利情况B、中国从贸易开放中获利更多C、美国和中国从贸易开放中获利相同D、美国从贸易开放中获利更多正确答案:D9、下列不属于国际收支平衡表资本项目的是()A、利息收支B、短期信贷C、短期证券买卖D、票据买卖正确答案:A10、消费者剩余是()A、消费者为了商品的消费而必须向政府支付的东西B、消费者通过低于市场价格的价格而得到的收益C、消费者购买商品所需支付的价格低于其愿意支付的价格而获得的收益D、消费者可以在各种价格水平得到的收益正确答案:C11、外汇市场中的即期交易不包含()A、套汇B、投机C、国际贸易结算D、银行同业拆借正确答案:B12、如果一个中国工人能生产3匹布或者1辆汽车,一个美国工人能生产4匹布或2辆汽车,则能促进中国与美国进行贸易并各自收益的交换比率是()A、4匹布换2辆汽车B、3匹布换1辆汽车C、3匹布换2辆汽车D、5匹布换2辆汽车正确答案:D13、国际经济学的研究对象是()A、国际商品流动B、国际收支平衡C、世界范围内的稀缺资源的最优配置D^国际人员流动正确答案:C14、根据国民收入决定方程Y=C+I+G+X-M,国际收支的吸收分析法中的“吸收”是指()A、YB、C+IC、C+I+GD、X-M正确答案:C15、开放经济条件下的宏观经济政策目标是()A、追求贸易顺差B、汇率稳定C、扩大出口D、国际收支平衡正确答案:D16、在进行贸易后,一国的收入分配会发生如下变化,()A、收入由消费者转向生产者B、受到进口商品竞争压力的国内生产者遭受损失,而出口商品的生产者则会受益C、消费者受损,生产者受益D、作为整体的国家受益,而个人则会受到损失正确答案:B17、商品和服务贸易记录在国际收支平衡表中的()A、经常项目B、误差和遗漏项目C、官方结算项目D、资本项目正确答案:A18、下列哪个行业最有可能具有内部规模经济?()A、好莱坞的电影业B、加州硅谷的半导体产业C、美国的大型农场D、北京中关村的电脑城正确答案:C19、采用()的配额分配方式,配额的福利效果与关税一样。

国际经济学期末考试卷及答案

国际经济学期末考试卷及答案

国际经济学半期考试题及答案1、假设中美两国都生产大米和小麦,且劳动是唯一的生产要素,两国有相同的劳动力资源,都是100人。

由于生产技术的不同,产出是不同的。

如果两国所有的劳动都用来生产大米,假设中国可以生产100吨,美国只能生产150吨。

如果两国的劳动都用来生产小麦,假设中国能生产50吨,而美国能生产100吨。

(1)请判断中国和美国分别在生产那种产品上有优势(2)如果发生自由贸易,中美两国会分别出口哪种产品,请确定大米的世界市场相对价格的范围?(3)画图说明自由贸易发生前后中美两国的福利变化。

2、作图说明什么是“悲惨增长”,并说明悲惨增长实现的条件。

3.如果假定法国生产葡萄和汽车,资本是特定要素(生产葡萄所用的资本不能流动到汽车生产行业)。

工人可以在这两个部门之间自由流动。

在特定要素模型的框架内,如果世界市场上葡萄的价格上升5%,讨论国内要素的报酬怎样变化。

4、叙述罗伯津斯基定理的内容,并作图分别说明在大国和小国的情况下,出口部门所密集使用的要素增长对贸易条件的影响。

5、A 、B 两国在封闭条件下的状态如下图所示,请继续作图,画出自由贸易发生以后A 、B 两国的福利变化和贸易三角。

6、画图说明关税和出口补贴所引起的进口国福利的变化。

7、画图说明什么是持续性倾销并说明持续性倾销存在的条件。

8、假设某一国拥有20000单位的劳动,X 、Y 的单位产出所要求的劳动投入分别为5个单CIC 0 钢铁 大米 B 国 S A =C A S B =C B钢铁 大米 A 国位和4个单位,试画出生产可能性边界;如果X 的国际市场相对价格为2,进口量为2000个单位,试确定该国的出口量。

1、解:依题意可知,两国劳动生产率为:中 美大米劳动生产率 1 1.5小麦劳动生产率 0.5 1以下均用A 表示中国,B 表示美国,X 表示大米,Y 表示小麦,a 、b 分别表示中美两国生产率。

(1)美国在大米与小麦生产上均占绝对优势因为1 1.52> 1.50.51x x y y a b a b ====1 1.52> 1.50.51x x y y a b a b ====所以中国在生产大米上具有比较优势,美国在生产小麦上占有比较优势。

国际经济学练习题及答案

国际经济学练习题及答案

国际经济学练习题及答案国际经济学练习题⼀、判断题1、当开放贸易时,所有消费者的境况都会得到改善。

2、根据简单贸易模型,在贸易发⽣之前,如果各国的某种商品价格相同,这些国家之间就不会有交换该种商品的动机。

3、如果⼀国中某⽣产者通过贸易能使⾃⼰的境况得到改善,那么,该国中所有的⽣产者都会通过贸易来改善⾃⼰的境况。

4、在两国间均衡贸易价格条件下,⼀国对某种商品的过度供给必然与另⼀国对该商品的过度需求相等。

5、不存在free lunch,但却存在free trade。

6、⼀国即便在某种商品的⽣产上具有绝对劣势,它也可以在该商品的⽣产上具有相对优势。

7、根据H—O理论,⼀国如果⽐他国拥有更多英亩的⼟地,该国便是“⼟地丰富”的国家。

8、在成本递增的条件下,各国并不⼀定要完全专业化于⼀种商品的⽣产。

9、H—O理论假设各国拥有相同的商品偏好。

10、我们或许可以通过更为细分化的⽣产要素定义⽽解决Leontief Paradox。

11、Stolper-Samuelson定理认为,贸易将使丰富要素的所有者得到更低的实际收⼊,同时使稀缺要素的所有者得到更⾼的实际收⼊。

12、如果各国的⽣产技术相同,贸易便不会使⽣产要素价格均等化。

13、⼀国的⾮技术性⼯⼈会⽐技术性⼯⼈更加反对贸易⾃由化。

14、⼤国可投资发展进⼝替代产业⽽不是出⼝产业,进⽽改善本国的贸易条件。

15、按照定义,⼩国的经济增长将不会使贸易条件发⽣变化。

16、青春期是⼀个贫困化增长的好例⼦。

17、⼀国⽣产要素的增长总会使该国更加⾃给⾃⾜,进⽽减少对国际贸易的依赖。

18、⼀个与外界隔绝的国家⼀定会降低其公民的⽣活⽔平。

19、产业内贸易在充分竞争性产业中更为盛⾏。

20、根据H—0理论,各国应进⾏⼤量的产业内贸易。

21、规模经济是指资源的平衡增长导致平均成本上升。

22、产业内贸易发⽣的原因包括产品差异化、规模经济以及收⼊分配效应。

23、如果瑞⼠旅⾏鞋的进⼝增加,英国⽪鞋制造商就会受到损失。

(完整word版)国际经济学测试题答案

(完整word版)国际经济学测试题答案

国际经济学测试题1答案一、单项选择(1’×10=10’)1.D2.C3.B4.A5.C6.C7.B8.D9.D 10.A二、多项选择(将答案填在下面的表格内,1’×10=10’)1. ABCD2. ABCDE3.ABD4.ABCDE5.ABDE6.ABD7.BCE8.ABE9.ABCD 10.ABD三、判断分析(分析不正确本题不得分。

2’×10=20’)1. 正确2. 错误。

跟大国比较接近。

3. 错误。

小国可以完全分工。

4. 正确5. 错误。

前者增加,后者下降。

6. 错误。

介于零关税和禁止性关税之间7. 错误。

国际生产折中理论8. 正确9. 错误。

动态效应更大更重要10. 正确四、名词解释(3’×4=12’)1.特定要素:只能被用来生产某些特定产品、不能在部门间自由流动的生产要素。

2.最优货币区:是指成员国相互之间的货币实行自由兑换,汇率保持长期固定不变,而对非成员国货币的汇率则实行联合浮动,通过商品和服务贸易以及要素的流动使多国经济紧密地联系在一起的地区。

3.出口替代战略:出口替代发展战略也是实现出口替代工业化的过程。

它是指一国将经济发展重点放在出口工业上,通过扩大出口本国工业制成品和半制成品来代替传统的初级产品出口,以增加外汇收入,带动工业体系的建立和推动整个国民经济的持续发展。

4.需求管理政策: 需求管理政策是通过改变国内总需求来校正国际收支失衡,它是以吸收理论为基础提出的,所以又称支出变化政策,主要政策工具包括财政政策和货币政策。

五、比较分析题(要求借助图形,每题9’,共18’)1. 比较小国利用关税和利用进口替代补贴进行贸易保护的不同效果。

征收关税之后,该国的总福利水平下降了:消费者剩余损失了(a+b+c+d),其中a被生产者所得,c为政府财政收入所得,但尚有b和d的损失,国内没有任何人能得到相应的补偿。

这是由于关税使本国的生产资源从效率较高的部门转移到了效率较低的部门,即一国的生产资源向没有比较优势的进口竞争部门集中,因此造成了国民福利净损失。

国际经济学试题及答案

国际经济学试题及答案

国际经济学试题及答案一、选择题1. 国际经济学研究的核心问题是什么?A. 国内经济政策B. 国际贸易与投资C. 国际货币体系D. 国际政治关系答案:B2. 根据比较优势理论,一个国家应该专门生产并出口什么?A. 其资源最丰富的商品B. 其生产成本最低的商品C. 其技术最先进的商品D. 其劳动力成本最低的商品答案:B3. 以下哪项不是贸易保护主义的措施?A. 关税B. 配额C. 出口补贴D. 进口许可证答案:C二、简答题1. 简述绝对优势理论的基本内容。

答案:绝对优势理论由亚当·斯密提出,主张一个国家应该生产并出口其生产效率最高的商品,进口其生产效率最低的商品。

该理论认为,即使一个国家在所有商品的生产上都没有绝对优势,它仍然可以通过专业化生产效率相对较高的商品来获得贸易利益。

2. 什么是国际收支平衡表?答案:国际收支平衡表是一个记录一个国家与其他国家之间所有经济交易的统计报表。

它包括经常账户、资本和金融账户以及官方储备账户。

经常账户记录商品和服务的交易,资本和金融账户记录资本流动和金融资产的交易,官方储备账户记录中央银行的外汇储备变动。

三、论述题1. 论述汇率变动对国际贸易的影响。

答案:汇率变动对国际贸易有重要影响。

当一个国家的货币升值时,其出口商品在国际市场上的价格上升,竞争力下降,导致出口减少;同时,进口商品的价格下降,国内消费者更倾向于购买外国商品,导致进口增加。

相反,当一个国家的货币贬值时,其出口商品的价格下降,竞争力增强,促进出口;进口商品的价格上升,抑制进口。

此外,汇率变动还会影响跨国公司的投资决策,因为投资成本和收益会随着汇率变动而变化。

2. 分析全球化对发展中国家的影响。

答案:全球化为发展中国家带来了机遇和挑战。

机遇方面,全球化促进了资本、技术和信息的流动,为发展中国家提供了更多的市场机会和投资机会,有助于提高生产效率和经济增长。

挑战方面,全球化加剧了国际竞争,对发展中国家的产业和就业产生压力,可能导致收入差距扩大。

国际经济学单选选择测试题及答案

国际经济学单选选择测试题及答案

一、单项选择题1、在比较利益模型中,参与贸易的两国商品的国际比价线(分数:1分)A。

在两国贸易前的国内比价线之上B。

在两国贸易前的国内比价线之下C. 在两国贸易前的国内比价线之间D. 与两国贸易前的国内比价线相同标准答案是:C.您的答案是:C2、18世纪中叶指出重商主义理论存在两大重要缺陷的经济学家是(分数:1分)A. 大卫·休谟与亚当·斯密B. 大卫·李嘉图与阿弗雷德·马歇尔C. 瓦西里·里昂惕夫与保罗·克鲁格曼D. 伊莱·赫克歇尔与伯蒂尔·奥林标准答案是:A。

您的答案是:A3、当各国的汇率靠市场上的货币供求来决定时,汇率的决定机制是(分数:1分) A。

固定汇率B。

浮动汇率C. 有选择汇率D. 钉住汇率标准答案是:B。

您的答案是:B4、关税与贸易总协定关于缔约方之间的约束范围是 (分数:1分)A. 人员流动B。

资本流动C. 服务贸易D。

商品贸易标准答案是:D。

您的答案是:D5、世界银行衡量一国债务负担及偿还能力时采用的指标是(分数:1分)A。

偿债率B。

净债务额C. 每年还本付息额D. 净债务额与GDP的比值标准答案是:A。

您的答案是:A6、特别提款权实质上是一种 (分数:1分)A。

货币B. 基金C。

债权D. 记帐单位标准答案是:D。

您的答案是:D7、国际收入调整的货币理论中的价格-铸币流动机制提出者是(分数:1分)A。

亚当·斯密B. 保罗·克鲁格曼C。

大卫·休谟D。

彼得·凯恩标准答案是:C。

您的答案是:C8、采取坚定外向型战略的国家在对外贸易政策上,表现为(分数:1分)A. 鼓励出口,限制进口B。

鼓励进口,限制出口C。

直接外贸管制D。

中性的贸易政策标准答案是:D。

您的答案是:D9、垄断组织最终控制的目标是(分数:1分)A. 垄断利润B. 垄断市场份额C. 垄断供给量D. 垄断价格标准答案是:A.您的答案是:A10、提出“国际贸易是经济增长的发动机”观点的经济学家是(分数:1分)A。

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级国际经济学试题答案
参考
文档编制序号:[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
《国际经济学》
一,简答
1,“由于发达国家工资水平高于发展中国家,所以发达国家与发展中国家进行贸易会无利可图。

”请运用所学的国际贸易理论对这一说法加以评论。

答:这句话不符合国际贸易理论中的比较优势理论。

(1)根据李嘉图的比较优势原理,发达国家虽然在各部门的生产技术中都处于绝对优势,但两国进行自由贸易后,发达国家可以专业化生产出口其绝对优势较大的产品,进口其绝对优势较小的商品,而发展中国家可以专业化生产出口其绝对优势较大的产品,进口其绝对优势较小的商品,双方都可以从中获利。

(2)根据比较优势原理,发达国家由于工资水平高,所以生产过程中劳动成本相对较高,所以在劳动密集型产业中的竞争力不强,在国际贸易中主要以进口为主。

但是发达国家在生产过程中的资本和技术具有优势,发达国家的资本价格相对较低,技术实力更强,在国际贸易中发达国家往往能够大量出口资本密集型和技术密集型的产品。

(3)综合以上回答,发达国家虽然工资水平高于发展中国家,但在资本、技术方面比发展中国家更具有比较优势,所以在与发展中国家进行贸易时,往往能够各取所需、实现双赢,甚至由于发达国家的资本、技术优势,在贸易中更占优势。

(还可以画出相关贸易福利图3-3,,34)
2,什么事里昂惕夫悖论?可以从哪些方面解释?
答:根据传统的要素禀赋理论(H-O模型推断),战后美国出口的应是资本密集型产品,进口劳动密集型产品;但美国经济学家里昂惕夫采用投入产出法对战后美国对外贸易发展状况进行分析后,却发现,美国美国进口的是资本密集型产品,出口的是劳动密集型产品。

这与H-O模型相矛盾,因此里昂惕夫的结论被称为"里昂惕夫之迷"或"里昂惕夫悖论"。

?
相关解释:
(1)需求偏好学说用国家之间需求结构相似来解释工业制成品贸易发展的理论,认为美国需求偏好强烈的偏好资本密集型产品导致的里昂惕夫悖论。

所以该理论认为他认为H-O模型只适用于工业制成品和初级产品之间的贸易,而不适用工业制成品的贸易,因为前者的贸易发展主要是由供给方面决定的,而后者的贸易发展主要是由需求方面决定的。

?
(2)劳动效率学说用劳动效率和劳动熟练或技能的差异来解释里昂惕夫之谜和影响进出口商品结构的理论。

?里昂惕夫认为由于美国工人的劳动生产率大约是其他国家工人的三倍(劳动效率比其他国家工人高),因此在劳动以效率单位衡量的条件下,美国就成为劳动要素相对丰富、资本要素相对稀缺的国家,也就出现与H-O模型推断相矛盾。

(3)要素密集度逆转学说认为某种在丰富的国家属于,而在劳动力相对丰富的国家则属于,当两种商品生产的替代弹性差异较大时,随着
要素相对价格的变化会发生要素密集型逆转现象。

美国由于劳动要素价格较高,在技术允许的条件下,美国企业家愿意以代替劳动要素,从而在别的国家是劳动密集型的产品而在美国则为,形成了要素密集度,产生昂惕夫悖论。

(4)自然资源解释说认为商品生产要素除资本和劳动外,还包括自然资源。

美国需要出口丰裕的自然资源,进口稀缺的自然资源产品,其中,出口的自然资源产品通常也是劳动密集度较高的产品,而进口的自然资源产品则是资本密集型产品。

自然资源的论点解开了美国与加拿大等国中的里昂惕夫之谜。

(5)关税结构说认为的存在也是产生里昂惕夫之谜的重要原因。

20世纪40年代末50年代初,美国的关税体制对的保护水平就很高,阻碍了美国对劳动密集型产品的进口,提高了进口品的资本-劳动比率,产生了里昂惕夫之谜。

如果实行自由贸易,美国进口劳动密集型产品的比重会有所提高
相关解释:简洁版
(1)里昂惕夫本人认为,由于美国工人的受教育水平、技术水平都高于其他国家,美国工人的劳动效率也高于其他国家,可以认
为是其他国家水平的3倍,真正的美国劳动力数量就应当是实
际工人人数乘以3,而美国实际上是一个劳动力较为丰富、资
本较为稀缺的国家,因此美国的贸易格局并没有违背H-O原
理。

(2)其他经济学家根据这个思路进一步提出,劳动应分为熟练劳动和非熟练劳动,资本应分为物质资本和人力资本,美国的出口
商品表面上资本密集度较低,而实际上由于包含了大量凝结有
人力资本的熟练劳动,其资本密集度是较高的,进口商品则相
反。

(3)在不同的国家,同一种商品是可以以不同的要素密集度来生产的,由于劳动要素在美国的价格较高,在技术允许的条件下,
美国企业家愿意以代替劳动要素,从而在别的国家是劳动密集
型的产品而在美国则为,形成了要素密集度。

里昂惕夫正是采
用进口替代品资料进行验证的,而不是进口品资料。

(4)商品生产要素除资本和劳动外,还包括自然资源。

美国需要出口丰裕的自然资源,进口稀缺的自然资源产品,其中,出口的
自然资源产品通常也是劳动密集度较高的产品,而进口的自然
资源产品则是资本密集型产品。

自然资源的论点解开了美国与
加拿大等国中的里昂惕夫之谜。

(5)的存在也是产生里昂惕夫之谜的重要原因。

20世纪40年代末50年代初,美国的关税体制对的保护水平就很高,阻碍了
美国对劳动密集型产品的进口,提高了进口品的资本-劳动比
率,产生了里昂惕夫之谜。

如果实行自由贸易,美国进口劳动
密集型产品的比重会有所提高
3,以小国情形为例,画图分析出口补贴的福利效应
答案提示:
在图 7-5 的基础上进行讨论。

小国情况下,出口补贴不会造成产品价格的下降,即补贴后的国外或者国际价格不会下降。

3,引申题一:?试比较上述两种做法的净福利效应。

答案提示:征收关税将减少消费者的福利,至于整个国家的福利,如果是小国,则福利下降,如果是大国,福利是下降还是上升,不一定。

采取补贴的做法,将不会减少消费者的福利,因为产品价格将不会上升;不过,政府支出补贴是一个很大的成本。

3,引申题二:以小国为例,在下列两种情况下,试比较关税与配额对国内生产、消费及进口的影响效果的变化。

(1)由于某种外来冲击,进口商品世界市场价格突然下跌;(2)由于收入水平的提高,国内需求增加。

答案提示:(1)关税情况下,进口国进口价格也将下降,这有利于消费者福利提高,不利于国内生产商的福利。

在配额情况下,进口国的价格不会变化,这实际上增加了对国内生产商的保护,不利于消费者的福利。

(2)考虑国内需求曲线的外移。

4,在给定汇率预期下,说明一国实际GNP的增长对汇率的短期影响
答案提示:由于GNP 增加,将导致的货币需求增加,在货币供给量不变的情况下(短期)国内价格水平下降,本币的购买力提升。

根据购买力平价,本币将升值。

4,引申一:请对以下说法进行评价:当一个国家名义利率的变化是由其预期利率的提高引起时,本币升值;而由其预期通货膨胀率的提高引起时,本币贬值。

答案提示:在短期内,当一个国家名义利率的变化是由其预期利率的提高引起时,本币回报率上升,引起本币升值;从较长期来看,一个国家名义利率的变化是由其预期通货膨胀率的提高引起时,本币购买力下降,本币贬值。

5,在固定汇率下,如果外国发生通货膨胀,这对本国的国际收支状况会产生什么影响(假设国际收支原来是平衡的)?在此情形下,国际收支如何调整?
答案提示:在固定汇率下,如果外国发生通货膨胀,由于汇率不发生变化,这意味着外国商品的价格都上升了,其产品的竞争力下降,本国居民把自己的钱多花在本国的商品和证券上,少花在外国的商品和证券上,本国的国际收支将为顺差。

不过,在固定汇率下,即使本国货币当局不采取任何措施,货币市场的不平衡也是不可能长期存在的,它可以通过货币供给的自动调整机制自行消除,即货币供给通过国际储备的流动来适应货币需求
5,引申一:在固定汇率下,如果一国政府短期内为消除国际收支逆差对本国货币供给的冲击,采取增加国内部分的货币供给量办法,那么通过国内货币供给的变化自动调整国际收支的机制还会有效吗?为什么?
答案提示:没有效了。

在固定汇率的情况下,本国国际收支的恶化后,从长期来看,外国收到这部分货币余额的人,一定会把这部分货币余额交给外国中央银行换回外国货币,然后外国中央银行再把它们提交给本国中央银行,而本国中央银行只能从本国的国际储备中支付这部分货币金额。

国际储备的减少,必然会使本国中央银行收缩国内信用。

本国收缩国内信用的结果将会自动地调整本国国际收支的逆差。

如果本国政府采取增加国内部分的货币供
给量办法,则不能减少国内信用,以上通过国内货币供给的变化自动调整国际收支的机制就没有效了。

二、论述题
在资本完全流动条件下,比较固定汇率制和浮动汇率制下货币政策的效应。

答案提示:
货币政策有效,财政政策无效。

因为
在固定汇率制度下,如果资本具有完全流动性,则一国不可能执行独立的货币政策,任何扩张或紧缩货币供给的企图都将被资本的迅速巨额流动及央行保持固定汇率的承诺相抵消;而财政政策则会收到意想不到的
效果,同样由于上述原因而使国际收支恢复均衡,对国民收入的影响却进一步扩大了。

准确答案宏观经济、国际金融都有答案。

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