外文翻译---传感器新技术的发展

附录3：外文翻译资料Development of Sensor New TechnologySensor is one kind component which can tansform the physical quantity, ch emistry quantity and the biomass into electrical signal. The output signal has the different forms like the voltage, the electric current, the frequency, the pulse and so on, which can satisfy the signal transmission, processing, recording, demon stration and control demands. So it is the automatic detection system and in the a utomatic control industry. If automatic Technology is used wider, then sensor is more important. In information age, the information industry includs informatio n gathering, transmission, process three parts, namely sensor technology, com munication, computer technology. Because of ultra large scale integrated circuit’s rapid development after having been developed ,Modern computer technology and communication, not only requests sensor precision, reliability, speed of res ponse and gain information content request more and more high, but also reques ts its cost to be inexpensive. The obvious traditional sensor is eliminated gradual ly because of the function, the characteristic, the volume, the cost and so on. As world develop many countries are speeding up to the sensor new technology’s r esearch and the development, and all has obtained the enormous breakthrough. Now the sensor new technology development, mainly has following several aspe cts:Firstly, discovering and using.Using the physical phenomenon, the chemical reaction, the biological effe ct as the sensor principle therefore the researches which discovered the new phe nomenon and the new effect are the sensor technological improving ways .it is i mportantstudies to develope new sensor’s the foundation. Japanese Sharp Corpo ration uses the superconductivity technology to develop successfully the high te mperature superconductivity magnetic sensor and get the sensor technology significant breakthrough. Its sensitivity is so high and only inferior in the supercond uctivity quantum interference component. Its manufacture craft is far simpler tha n the superconductivity quantum interference component. May use in magnetis m image formation technology.So it has the widespread promoted value.Using the immune body and the antigen meets one another compound whe n the electrode surface.It can cause the electrode potential change and use this p henomenon to be possible to generate the immunity sensor. The immunity senso r makes with this kind of immune body may to some organism in whether has th is kind of anti- original work inspection. Like may inspect somebody with the he patitis virus immune body whether contracts the hepatitis, plays to is fast, the ac curate role. The US UC sixth branch has developped this kind of sensor. Secondly, using the new material.The sensor material is the important foundation for sensor technology, bec ause the materials science is progressive and the people may make each kind of new sensor. For example making the temperature sensor with the high polymer t hin film; The optical fiber can make the pressure, the current capacity, the tempe rature, the displacement and so on the many kinds of sensors; Making the pressu re transmitter with the ceramics. The high polymer can become the proportion a dsorption and the release hydrone along with the environment relative humidity size. The high polymer electricity lies between the constant to be small, the hydr one can enhance the polymer the coefficient of dielectrical loss. Making the cap acitor the high polymer dielectric medium, determines the electric capacity capa city the change, then obtains the relative humidity. Making the plasma using this principle to gather the legitimate polystyrene film temperature sensor below, it has the characteristic:Measured the wet scope is wide;The temperature range is wide, may reach -400 ℃ ~ +1,500 ℃;The speed of response is quick, is smaller than 1S;The size is small, may use in the small space measuring wet;The temperature coefficient is small.The ceramic electric capacity type pressure transmitter is one kind does not have the intermediary fluid the dry type pressure transmitter. Uses the advanced ceramic technology, the heavy film electronic technology, its technical performa nce is stable, the year drifting quantity is smaller than 0.1%F.S, warm floats is s maller than ±0.15%/10K, anti- overloads strongly, may reach the measuring ran ge several hundred times. The survey scope may from 0 to 60mpa. German E+H Corporation and the American Kavlio Corporation product is at the leading posi tion.The optical fiber application is send the material significant breakthrough, i ts uses in most early the optical communication techniques. In the optical comm unication use discovered works as environmental condition change and so on the temperature, pressure, electric field, magnetic field, causes the fiber optic trans mission light wave intensity, the phase, the frequency, change and so on the pola rization condition, the survey light wave quantity change, may know causes thes e light wave physical quantity the and so on quantitative change temperature, pr essure, electric field, magnetic field size, uses these principles to be possible to d evelop the optical fiber sensor. The optical fiber sensor and the traditional sensor compare has many characteristics: Sensitivity high, the structure simple, the vol ume small, anti-corrosive, the electric insulation good, the path of rays may be c urving, be advantageous for the realization telemetering and so on. Optical fiber sensor Japan is in the advanced level. Like Idec Izumi Corporation and Sunx Co rporation. The optical fiber send receiver and the integrated path of rays technol ogy unify, accelerates the optical fiber sensor technology development. Will inte grate the path of rays component to replace the original optics part and the passi ve light component, enable the optical fiber sensor to have the high band width, the low signal processing voltage, the reliability high, the cost will be low.Third, micro machine-finishing technologyIn semiconductor technology processing method oxygenation, the photoetc hing, the proliferation, the deposition, the plane electron craft, various guides corrosion and steams plates, the sputtering thin film and so on, these have all intro duced to the sensor manufacture. Thus has produced each kind of new s ensor, like makes the silicon micro sensor using the semiconductor technol ogy, makes the fast response using the thin film craft the gas to be sensitive, the wet sensitive sensor, the use sputtering thin film craft system pressure transmitte r and so on.The Japanese horizontal river company uses various guides corrosion technolo gy to carry on the high accuracy three dimensional processing, the system helps the silicon resonance type pressure transmitter. The core partially presses two re sonant Liang by the feeling which above the silicon diaphragm and the silicon di aphragm manufactures to form, two resonant Liang's frequency difference corre spondence different pressure, measures the pressure with the frequency differenc e method, may eliminate the error which factor and so on ambient temperature b rings. When ambient temperature change, two resonant Liang frequency and the amplitude variation are same, after two frequency differences, its same change q uantity can counterbalance mutually. Its survey most high accuracy may reach 0. 01%FS.American Silicon Microstructure Inc.(SMI) the company develops a series of low ends, linear in 0.1% to 0.In 65% scope silicon micro pressure transmitter, the lowest full measuring range is 0.15psi (1KPa), it makes take the silicon as th e material, has the unique three dimensional structure, the light slight machine-fi nishing, makes the wheatstone bridge many times with the etching on the silicon diaphragm, when above silicon chip stress, it has the distortion, the resistance p roduces presses the anti- effect but to lose the bridge balance, the output and the pressure becomes the proportion the electrical signalSuch silicon micro sensor is the front technology which now the sensor dev elops,Its essential feature is the sensitive unit volume is a micron magnitude,Is t he traditional sensor several dozens, several 1%. In aspect and so on industry co ntrol, aerospace domain, biomedicine has the vital role, like on the airplane the u se may reduce the airplane weight, reduces the energy. Another characteristic iscan be sensitive is small surveyed, may make the blood pressure pressure transm itter.The Chinese aviation main corporation Beijing observation and control tec hnical research institute, the development CYJ series splashes thanks the membr ane pressure transmitter is uses the ion sputtering craft to process the metal strai n gauge, it has overcome the nonmetallic strain gauge easily the temperature infl uence insufficiency, has the high stability, is suitable in each kind of situation, is measured the medium scope widely, but also overcame the tradition lowly to glu e the precision which the type brought, sluggish big, shortcoming and so on slo w change, had the precision high, the reliability is high, the volume small charac teristic, widely used in domain and so on aviation, petroleum, chemical industry, medical service.Fourth, integrates the sensorIntegrates the sensor the superiority is the traditional sensor is unable to achieve, it is a simple sensor not merely, it in at the same time the auxiliary circuit part a nd send the part will integrate on together the chip, will cause it to have the calib ration, to compensate, from the diagnosis and the network correspondence functi on, it might reduce the cost, the gain in yield, this kind of blood pressure sensor which American LUCAS, NOV ASENSOR Corporation will develop, each week will be able to produce 10,000.Fifth, intellectualized sensorThe intellectualized sensor is one kind of belt microprocessor sensor, is ach ievement which the microcomputer and the sensor unifies, it has at the same tim e the examination, the judgment and the information processing function, compa res with the traditional sensor has very many characteristics:Has the judgment a nd the information processing function, can carry on the revision, the error to the observed value compensates, thus enhancement measuring accuracy; May reali ze the multi-sensor multi parameters survey; Has from the diagnosis and from th e calibration function, enhances the reliability; The survey data may deposit and withdraw, easy to operate; Has the data communication interface dci, can and the microcomputer direct communication.The sensor, the signal adjustment electric circuit, the monolithic integrated circuit integration forms ultra large-scale integrated on a chip the senior intellige nce sensor. American HONY WELL Corporation ST-3000 intelligence sensor, th e chip size only then has 3×4×2mm3, uses the semiconductor craft, makes CPU, EPROM, the static pressure, the differential pressure, the temperature on the ide ntical chip and so on three kind of sensitive units.The intellectualized sensor research and the development, US is at the leading p osition. American Space Agency when development spaceship called this kind o f sensor for the clever sensor (Smart Sensor), on the spaceship this kind of senso r is extremely important. Our country in this aspect research and development al so very backward, mainly is because our country semiconductor integrated circu it technological level is limited.The sensor’s development is changing day after day since specially the 80's hum anities have entered into the high industrialization the information age, sensor te chnology to renewal, higher technological development. US, Japan and so on de veloped country sensor technological development quickest, our country becaus e the foundation is weak, the sensor technology compares with these developed countries has the big disparity. Therefore, we should enlarge to the sensor engine ering research, the development investment, causes our country sensor technolo gy and the foreign disparity reduces, promotes our country instrument measurin g appliance industry and from the technical development.传感器新技术的发展传感器是一种能将物理量、化学量、生物量等转换成电信号的器件。