paragraph的几个类型
英语几个主要类型作文的篇章结构及范文
第一步：开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题, 即conclusion.常使用的词汇有:（图表/数据）：table, chart, graph，figure（数据）…；第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。
注意层次。
即facts and reasons。
第三步：归纳总结或发表评论。
即：Conclusion/fact/reason/your opinion范文Last week，we did a survey among 2，600 students on “Who is your idol”. The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols，while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. As the data shows, “parents”rank the second for the girls，but the fourth for the boys. However，the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures”is the same as that of the girls. As for myself，Thomas Edison is my idol，because his inventions have greatly changed our life.要求学生从正反两个方面来论证某一观点，对这类题型，审题时注意：体裁：议论文时态：一般现在时人称：第一、三人称第一段：文章开头，总述事件或情况第二段：阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例第三段：阐述提纲中列举的另一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例第四段：表明自己的观点结束全文（在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。
latex标题类型
latex标题类型在LaTeX中，标题类型主要指的是章节标题和子章节标题的样式。
LaTeX默认提供了几种标题类型，包括：1. `\section`：一级标题，通常用于章节的命名。
2. `\subsection`：二级标题，通常用于章节下的子章节的命名。
3. `\subsubsection`：三级标题，通常用于子章节下的子章节的命名。
4. `\paragraph`：四级标题，通常用于更低级别的标题。
5. `\subparagraph`：五级标题，通常用于更低级别的子标题。
这些标题类型可以通过使用`\titleformat`命令来自定义样式。
例如，你可以更改字体、颜色、缩进等。
以下是一个简单的例子，展示了如何自定义章节和子章节的样式：```latex\documentclass{article}% 自定义章节和子章节的样式\titleformat{\section}[block]{\Large\bfseries}{}{0em}{\thesection }\titleformat{\subsection}[block]{\large\bfseries}{}{0em}{\thesubs ection}\titleformat{\subsubsection}[block]{\normalfont}{}{0em}{\thesubsu bsection}\begin{document}\section{第一章}这是第一章的内容。
\section{第二章}这是第二章的内容。
\subsection{第一节}这是第一节的内容。
\end{document}```在这个例子中，我们使用了`block`选项来设置标题的样式，并使用`\thesection`、`\thesubsection`和`\thesubsubsection`来引用相应的编号。
你可以根据需要调整字体、大小和其他样式属性。
英语一阅读题目类型表
英语一阅读题目类型多种多样，包括但不限于以下几种主要类型。
请注意，考试题目的形式可能因考试形式和年份而有所不同，以下列举的是一些常见的题目类型：1.细节理解题（Detail Understanding）：▪提问关于文章中某个具体细节的问题，考查考生对文章内容的具体理解。
2.主旨大意题（Main Idea）：▪要求考生总结整个文章的主旨或主题，抓住文章的核心思想。
3.段落大意题（Paragraph Understanding）：▪类似于主旨大意题，但集中在文章的某个具体段落，要求考生理解该段的主题或主旨。
4.作者观点题（Author’s Attitude）：▪要求考生判断作者对于某个问题或主题的态度，是支持、反对还是中立。
5.态度观点题（Attitude Understanding）：▪与作者观点题类似，但要求考生理解文章中某个人物或事物的态度或观点。
6.推理判断题（Inference）：▪考查考生对文章中未明说的内容进行推理和判断的能力，常涉及阅读“之外”的信息。
7.词义猜测题（Vocabulary In Context）：▪要求考生根据上下文推测某个词的含义，考查词汇应用和语境理解能力。
8.逻辑关系题（Logical Relations）：▪提问关于文章中不同信息之间的逻辑关系，考查考生逻辑分析和关联能力。
9.写作手法题（Writing Style）：▪询问关于作者在文章中使用的写作手法，如比喻、修辞等。
10.词汇搭配题（Collocation）：▪询问某个词语与其他词语的搭配关系，考查考生对词语搭配的敏感度。
11.图表图示理解题（Chart and Graph Understanding）：▪要求考生根据图表或图示回答问题，考查考生在信息图表解读方面的能力。
这些题型涵盖了英语阅读题目的主要考察方向，考生在备考时应综合提升阅读理解、词汇和语境分析等方面的能力。
具体的题型和要求可能会根据不同的考试和试卷而有所差异，因此考生在备考时最好参考具体考试的相关资料。
英语四级作文几种作文模板
英语四级作文几种作文模板英文回答：Template 1: Three-paragraph structure。
Paragraph 1: Introduction (Thesis statement, background information)。
Paragraph 2: Body paragraph 1 (Supporting point 1, examples)。
Paragraph 3: Body paragraph 2 (Supporting point 2, examples)。
Paragraph 4: Conclusion (Restate thesis, summarize points, offer insights)。
Template 2: Five-paragraph structure。
Paragraph 1: Introduction (Topic sentence, backgroundinformation)。
Paragraph 2: Body paragraph 1 (Main idea, supporting details)。
Paragraph 3: Body paragraph 2 (Main idea, supporting details)。
Paragraph 4: Body paragraph 3 (Main idea, supporting details)。
Paragraph 5: Conclusion (Summary, insights, call to action)。
中文回答：作文模板 1，三段式结构。
段落 1，引言（论点陈述，背景信息）。
段落 2，主体段落 1（支持论点 1，举例）。
段落 3，主体段落 2（支持论点 2，举例）。
段落 4，结论（重申论点，总结要点，提供见解）。
作文模板 2，五段式结构。
段落 1，引言（主题句，背景信息）。
段落 2，主体段落 1（主要论点，支持论据）。
大学英语四级图表作文写作
4、其它在描述中的常用到的词 significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期 unequally 不相等地 in the case of adv. 在……的情况下 in terms of / in respect of / regarding在…方面 in contrast 相反;大不相同
2、图表中的数据Data具体表达法 数据Data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 持续变化的data在不同情况下： 增加：increase / grow / rise / go up …… 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall …… 波动： rebound / wave / fluctuate …… 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ……
主体段介绍数据或数据变化趋势的常用词详 解每组背三个足够
表示上升的动词： Ascend ascended/ go up went up/grow grew/increase increased/rise rose increase和rise也可以做名词& 急剧上升的动词： jump jumped/shoot up shot up/soar soared/surge soared surge可以做名词&
2、And ______.原因2 3、Furthermore; ______ 原因3 4、All these result in ____.
三段：提出解决办法 结尾句：However; ____ is faced with some
语篇类型特征说明
阅读课当中分析各种语篇类型的语篇特征是一种新的题型，符合了2017年普通高中英语新课程标准核心素养中语篇类型素养。
列举常见的几种常见的语篇类型和分析特征的角度。
Four Types of CompositionNarration (记叙文)1.Definition: To narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events.2.Characteristics of Narration(1)Elements: when; where; who; what; why; how(2)Point of View: A narrative essay must be written from a particular point of view (first person point of view, third person point of view). Each has its advantages and disadvantages.(3)Order: In narration, time structures all details. It is called chronological order or time order. Flash back: begin at one point in time, and then flash back to an earlier action or event.(4)Tense: Stories happened in the past. So generally we use past tense in narration. 记录的是一般的性的事实可用一般现在时。
Description (描写文)1.Definition: Description is painting in words of a person, place, object, or scene.2.Structure①Introduction: lead-in and thesis statement②Body: including one or more paragraphs. Each paragraph describes one point.③Conclusion: restate the main impression and draw a summary3.Types of description①Objective description-②Subjective description-4.Ways to develop a description essay①Through the impressions of one’s senses---sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch②Using spatial order: describing the physical layout of the place(left>right, bottom>top, clockwise/counterclockwise, inside>outside)③Using chronological order④Use specific words⑤Decide on the dominant impression5.Describing a Place: location, area, transport, population, history, places of interest, something special6.Describing an object: ①State briefly how you got the object, if this is important. ②Provide some basic factual information about it(its size, shape, texture, color, ect.)③Point out its useful features(uses, functions, etc.)④Focus on a particular, probably the most important characteristic of the object⑤State in what way the object is important to you7.Describing a Person: ①appearance ②language ③behavior ④manner ⑤psychology. In describing a person, the writer should not merely give details of his appearance. He should try to reveal the person’s character, thoughts, and feelings, which may be shown in what the person does and says, or in how he behaves to others.Exposition(说明文)1.IntroductionExpository writing is the most widely used type. Exposition means explaining. An expository paper explains something, such as the process of making a machine, the causes of a natural or social phenomenon, the solution of a problem. It mainly deals with processes and relationships. Expository writing in most cases requires a rather impersonal attitude. It can be handled successfully only with careful and logical thinking.2. 2 kinds①“how”---it explains a process, how to do sth.eg. How to cook a dishHow to learn English well②“what”---it explains an idea, a phenomenon, etc.eg. Culture shock2.Structure①Introduction: lead into the subject and state thesis statement. It is advisable to state the thesis in the first paragraph.②Body: develop the thesis statement③Conclusion: summarize the previous discussion; restate thesis statement; propose a solution; predict a result, etc.3.Developing Methods①illustration ②classification ③comparison and contrast④cause and effect ⑤definition ⑥showing a processArgumentation (议论文)1.Definition: An argumentative or persuasive essay states a strong personal opinion for the purpose of influencing its readers. It aims to Change reader’s mind, influence their decision or win their support2.StructureIntroduction: to lead in the topic by background information, then state thesis statementBody: ①to provide support for thesis statement because others may or may not agree with it; ②to convince readers by reasons or examples ③to prove why your idea is acceptableMany methods to support thesis: comparison\contrast, cause and effect, classification, definition, examples, facts.Conclusion:①emphasize the main point and have a strong impact ②don’t present any new argument in conclusion ③convince readers that the essay has covered all the most important arguments about the issue.。
托福阅读的常见文章结构类型
托福阅读的常见文章结构类型了解托福阅读的常见文章结构类型，对我们做托福阅读题会有帮助，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读的常见文章结构类型，望喜欢!托福阅读的常见文章结构类型托福考试作为一门专业衡量语言能力的测试，无论是阅读还是听力，所涉及的篇章都是属于学术性的，尤其是阅读这一部分，根据ETS在《新托福考试官方指南》中所说，阅读文章均摘录于大学教科书，一般是对某一学科或主题的介绍性内容，主要目的是评估考生对"学术性文章"的理解程度。
而从ETS十大题型的设置来看，阅读考试考察的是由最基本的词汇到句子，再到文章逻辑关系以及段落理解，最后还通过小结题和图表题考察对全文的掌握。
对于很多考生来说，最后一大题也就是文章小结和表格题最为头疼，因为所要看的内容实在太多，在有限的时间限制之下实在是毫无头绪，只能乱选一气。
但其实只要我们搞清楚托福阅读文章常见的结构，完全可以在很短时间内抓住文章脉络拿下最后一道大题。
所有的阅读文章，无论文章背景是什么，结构无非会分为以下几种，《新托福考试官方指南》上把托福文章结构类型大致分为四类：classification(分类)，comparison/contrast(比较)，cause/effect(因果)，problem/solution(问题与解决方法)。
Classification指的是文章对某一个大的话题进行分类讨论，这类文章结构非常清晰，能够让我们一目了然。
以TPO17的《Symbiotic Relationships》为例，文章讨论的大的话题是symbiotic relationship(共生关系)，然后再第一段就直接写明有3种symbiotic relationships，然后接下来分段论述3种共生关系分别有什么样的特点：paragrph2-3-- parasitism(寄生), paragraph4--commensalism(片利共生), paragraph5--mutualism(互利共生),最后再用很简短的一句话稍作总结。
Paragraphs
属性读取格式： 〈整数型〉 对象．读数值属性 （"Creator"）
属性读取格式： 〈对象〉 对象．读对象型属性 （"Parent"）
属性读取格式： 〈对象(ParagraphFormat)〉 对象．读对象型属性 （"Format"）
属性写入格式： 〈对象(ParagraphFormat)〉 对象．写属性 （"Format"，欲写入属性值）
参数<1>的名称为“欲写入属性值”，类型为“整数型”。
属性读取格式： 〈整数型〉 对象．读数值属性 （"AddSpaceBetweenFarEastAndAlpha"）
属性写入格式： 〈整数型〉 对象．写属性 （"AddSpaceBetweenFarEastAndAlpha"，欲写入属性值）
属性写入格式： 〈整数型〉 对象．写属性 （"DisableLineHeightGrid"，欲写入属性值）
参数<1>的名称为“欲写入属性值”，类型为“整数型”。
属性读取格式： 〈整数型〉 对象．读数值属性 （"OutlineLevel"）
属性写入格式： 〈整数型〉 对象．写属性 （"OutlineLevel"，欲写入属性值）
参数<1>的名称为“欲写入属性值”，类型为“整数型”，参数值为以下值之一： 1、wdOutlineLevel1； 2、wdOutlineLevel2； 3、wdOutlineLevel3； 4、wdOutlineLevel4； 5、wdOutlineLevel5； 6、wdOutlineLevel6； 7、wdOutlineLevel7； 8、wdOutlineLevel8； 9、wdOutlineLevel9； 10、wdOutlineLevelBodyText。
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Expository paragraph
• This type means explain, and use your own knowledge. By explaining the topic to the reader, you are demonstrating your own knowledge. It is not necessary describe the differences in detail and you just need to explain. Remember expository means explain.
Narrative paragraph
• Narrative paragraph is a paragraph that tell a story. Some news and reports use that type. Once the appropriate information is established you can setting, then start a paragraph with a sentence that includes a description of the initiating event. It must include the details and complications support you story. Narrative paragraph is to tell your story.
本 科 Expository Paragraphs 毕 泥 挖 业 船 答 辩
Elise Mandy Willson Owen Jason
Definition？
- the function of the expository paragraphs is to explain, or to acquaint your reader with a body of knowledge.
you: The cars are much better than motor van for many reasons.
The graph is talking about the cars. And author explain how good is the cars through the contrast with motor van.
Persuasive paragraph
• This the hardest paragraph, you must make people trust what that you say. You need to use your own knowledge, examples, and many details. • This one is to make people trust you, expository is to explain you opinion.
•Now, let's begin!!
Different styles
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Expository paragraph Narrative paragraph Descriptive paragraph Synthesis paragraph Persuasive paragraph
Advertisement
• Now, let do a example of expository in a form of adertisement. • From this advertisement, it tells you how to use the expository in the easier way
1. Topic
• For the expository, the topic should write in a special form. From our example paragraph, the topic is:
The Cars - The Best Loaner For Walking
Descriptive paragraph
• This is the easiest paragraph to write. Things you need to do just is descriptive topic as possible. Don’t forget to write details that you can write into this paragraph. • This one is easy to confuse with expository paragraph. But remember, descriptive just means describe, expository is o explain what do you think.
Do not mix them!
• For last 5 tyБайду номын сангаасes of paragraph, make sure you will not mix the meaning of these types of paragraph with expository paragraph. - Descriptive paragraph - Synthesis paragraph
Pay attension on it!
An expository paragraph will offer an argument. And the topic, support and conclusion model is used for expository paragraphs as it is for all paragraphs.
Example
• The Cars - The Best Loaner For Walking
The cars are much better than motor van for many reasons. The cars has 4 wheels , it is more safety than motor van that owed 2 wheels. The air-condition could keep the comfortable environment for people in the car. Whatever hot summer or cold winner, we could “walk” in a comfortable way. Our purpose for walking is to increase the speed. 437km/h is the highest speed for cars, but for motor van, the highest speed is 80km/h. Except the superiority of the speed for cars, the cars could going longer ways than motor van. In a word, the cars are best utility loaner for walking, and it is also the most popular vehicle for human now.
Main points
• Offer 2 or 3 reasonable points that would help explain your topic. • In our example, there are three main points: - Safety - Comfortable - Utility For the main body, we could explain each main point use our own knowledge.
Conclution
• We could use one sentence to write the concluting sentence. Just like what we write in the example: In a word, the cars are best utility loaner for walking, and it is also the most popular vehicle for human now. In the concluting sentence, we should include 3 of your main points and your main idea. And it must be authority.
Things that you are going to explain
How do we explain in few words
Introduction
- Second, we should write a contrast sentence. Just like the example that I give
Synthesis paragraph
• The main point of this paragraph is to compare and contrast. You need to write details that support you to compare and contrast. Use one word to describe the type is to compare and contrast.