lecture 5 科技英语的翻译
科技英语(电子类)(第三版)第二部分(第五课)
A device that stores data or program instructions in a computer system. Types include RAM, ROM, and flash memory.
Electronic system design
Digital logic gate circuit
01 02 03
AND Gate
An AND gate is a logic gate that produces an output signal only when all input signals are active (high). It is used in combination with other logic gates to implement complex logic functions.
Course content
Microcontrollers
This section covers the basic principles of microcontrollers, including their architecture, programming, and applications.
Integrated Circuit (IC)
A microchip that contains multiple transistors and other electronic components on a single piece of material.
Microprocessor
A central processing unit (CPU) that is contained on a single IC and is the "brain" of a computer.
lecture 5 科技英语的翻译
例： In order to understand the operation of a transistor, it is first necessary to be familiar with the mechanism of charge（电荷） transfer across a junction（结） formed between a piece of n-type semi-conductor（半导体）and a piece of P-type semi-conductor.
III. 翻译技巧 （一）：词类转译（conversion） 英语名词化结构与汉语动词的转换 （静态结构与动态结构的转换） contrastive study of English and Chinese in usage of verbs: static (E) vs dynamic(C) noun-prominent(E) vs verb-prominent(C)
4. adv.----v
Open the or and let the air in.
请开门让我进来. The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind. 这个化学实验延误了十分钟。
Exercise of Conversion in translation:
译文：⑴为了理解晶体管的工作原理；（2）首先必须 熟悉电荷越过结的机理；（3）结是在一块N型半导体 材料和一块P型半导体材料之间形成的。
二、 长句的翻译技巧 长句的翻译有各种方法。最主要的有顺译法 （sequential translation）、逆译法（reversing translation）、分译法（splitting translation）等。 现分别举例说明如下： 1） 顺译法
科技英语翻译
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Scope of translation(P25)
In terms of languages
From native languages into foreign languages Vice versa Oral interpretation Written translation Machine translation Scientific materials Literary works Political essays Practical writing Full-text translation（全文翻译） Abridged translation(摘译,摘选主要内容译出 ) Adapted translation （编译,编辑+翻译 ）
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Technical terms or common word
memory 记忆/存储器 gate 门/门电路 pupil 小学生/瞳孔
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Polysemous word
carrier 航空母舰, 带菌者, 邮递员, 搬运工 laser 激光，激光器 lead 导程; 铅;传爆元件 cousin 堂兄，堂弟，堂姐，堂妹，表哥，表弟，表 姐，表妹 president 总统，总裁，主席，董事长，社长，校长
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Criteria of translation
鲁迅---“凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然 力求其易解，一则保存着原作得丰姿”。 也就是说既要通顺，又要忠实。所谓忠实，是 指内容上的“信”；所谓通顺，是指表达上的 “顺”。
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Criteria of translation
《科技英语翻译全》课件
contents
目录
Technology English Translation Tools and ResourcesThe Trends and Challenges of Future Technology English Translation
01
Overview of Science and Technology English Translation
Support international cooperation in scientific research: Translation is essential for international cooperation in scientific research, allowing researchers from different countries to work together on projects and share resources.
The early stage: Before the 20th century, scientific and technological English translation mainly focused on the translation of Western scientific works into Chinese. This period was characterized by the use of traditional translation methods and a lack of professional training for translators.
PPT courseware for "Complete Translation of Scienc
科技英语简介
2.1 Grammar Features
② 分词
过去分词短语替代从句中的被动语态 现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态 1)The power supply, which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1, is a single-phase switch-mode inverter. The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter. 图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。
3) The testing of a cross-field generator will be described in this
section with chief reference to the tests that are normally taken on every machine before it leaves the makers works. 交磁发电机的试验将在本节中叙述，它主要涉及每台电机在离开制造厂前 应进行的试验。
1.2 学习专业英语的重要性
(1) 科研信息获取
专业英语阅读能力 当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播，而这些资料中90％以上都 是英语。 世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对子电气工程、电子工 程和信息类等专业来说，绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出 观。
(2) 研究成果展示
专业英语写作能力
2) The reluctance motor operates synchronously at a speed which is determined by the supply frequency and the number of poles for which the stator is wound. 磁阻电动机以某一速率同步动转，该速率是由电源频率和定子绕制的级数 决定的。
四级英语词汇大全
四级英语词汇大全在大学英语四级考试中，词汇是至关重要的基础。
拥有丰富的词汇量，不仅能帮助我们更好地理解听力、阅读材料，还能让我们在写作和翻译中准确表达自己的想法。
下面为大家整理了一份较为全面的四级英语词汇。
一、日常生活类1、 Accommodation 住处；膳宿例如：The hotel provides comfortable accommodation for travellers （这家酒店为旅客提供舒适的住宿。
）2、 Appliance 器具；器械；装置常见的有：household appliances （家用电器）3、 Budget 预算如：We need to make a budget for our trip （我们需要为旅行做个预算。
）4、 Commute 通勤；上下班往返比如：He has a long commute to work every day （他每天上下班往返路程很长。
）5、 Grocery 食品杂货“Go to the grocery store”就是“去杂货店”的意思。
6、 Laundry 洗衣店；要洗的衣服Do the laundry 表示“洗衣服”7、 Tenant 租户；房客The tenant pays the rent on time every month （租户每月按时交租金。
）二、教育学习类1、 Curriculum 课程The school is reforming its curriculum （学校正在改革课程。
）2、 Diploma 毕业文凭；学位证书She received a diploma after four years of study （经过四年的学习，她获得了文凭。
）3、 Enrollment 登记；注册；入学The enrollment for this course has closed （这门课程的注册已经结束。
）4、 Lecture 讲座；讲课Attend a lecture 意思是“参加讲座”5、 Scholarship 奖学金He was awarded a scholarship to study abroad （他获得了出国留学的奖学金。
technology的中文是什么意思
technology的中文是什么意思technology的中文是什么意思我们只有掌握了英文technology详细的中文意思，才能更好的运用它。
下面店铺将为你推荐英语technology具体的中文意思，希望能够帮到你!technology的`中文意思英 [teknldi] 美 [teknɑ:ldi]第三人称复数：technologies名词科技(总称); 工业技术; 工艺学; [总称]术语例句1. Many people call the age we live in the age of technology.许多人把我们生活的时代叫做工业技术时代。
technology的词典解释1. 科技;工艺;技术Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.e.g. Technology is changing fast...科技日新月异。
e.g. They should be allowed to wait for cheaper technologies to be developed.应该允许他们等到更廉价的技术被开发出来。
technologist...the scientists and technologists that we will need for the future.我们将来需要的科学家和技术专家。
technology的单语例句1. Those experienced in business operations replaced heads of IT divisions with technology backgrounds.2. Bayer Technology and Engineering Company Ltd signed a memorandum of understanding with the China Europe International Business School this week.3. He was also invited as an expert judge for the Global Venture Competition of the Business School of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.4. Although the trend toward home working is fueled by technology and employee demand, proactive employer initiative driven by business needs is equally important.5. Although the trend toward home working is undeniably fueled by technology and employee demand, proactive employer initiative driven by business needs is equally important.6. With the theme of Act for the Sake of Green Development, the Forum aims to build an open platform for exchanging technology and sharing information.7. I listed a few I had seen but then made the point that the most valuable technology here at Expo is " people to people " technology.8. The company has said that the donation is an act to honor its promises of serving Africa and help Rwanda develop information and technology industry.9. Cook said Mac revenue was also hurt as businesses that typically buy more expensive models continued to put off technology spending.。
科技英语翻译Lecture
English
Technical Terminology
Identifying and accurately translating specific technical terms and jargon can be challenging, specifically when there is no direct equivalent in the target language
terms and jargon to coconcepts
02 03
Objective Language
The language used in science and technology is typically more objective and personal, emphasizing facts and data over subjective opinions or emotions
• Practice of Science and Technology English Translation
• Case Analysis of Science and Technology English Translation
• Summary and Outlook
01
Introduction
Translation Techniques for Discourses
Context understanding
Information reorganization
Language Style Unification
In the translation process, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the context and background of the original text to ensure the accuracy and coherence of the translation.
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He is no smoker, but his father is a chain smoker.
翻译技巧（二）：长句的翻译
一、 长句分析的方法
在进行长句分析时，首先要分析句子结构，弄清语法关系。而 对一个句子做结构分析，通常可采取下列步骤：
(1) 通读全句 (2) 确定句子的种类(简单句或复合句) (3) 如是简单句，先找出句子的主要成分-主语、谓语，并进一 步判明句中其余部分的语法成分-宾语、定语、状语、补足语、 同位语、插入语等。 如为复合句，则应先找出主句，然后再确定各个从句的性质 及其作用，判明各从句之间的关系-并列关系或从属关系，并对 各成分进行层次分析。
He is a jovial giant, with a huge appetite for food, drink and women. 他生性乐观，身形魁梧，贪吃贪杯又贪色。 “Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path ,up the steps , across the veranda, and into the porch.. “来了！”她转身蹦着跳着跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨 上台阶，穿过阳台，进了门廊。 他倒是不抽烟，可他父亲却一支接一支地抽。
2. prep----v eg: (1) Millions of the people in the mountains areas finally off poverty. 千百万山区人民摆脱了贫穷。 (2) What are you after ? 你追求什么?
(3) The people are with him. 人民拥护他。
4. adv.----v
Open the door and let the air in.
请开门让我进来. The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind. 这个化学实验延误了十分钟。
Exercise of Conversion in translation:
Lecture 5
Translation of English for Science and Technology (EST)
科技英语(English for Science and Technology， 简称 EST) 是从事科学技术活动时所使用的英语。 I. 科技英语的文体特点 科技英语由于其内容、使用域和语篇功能的特殊 性，使其在许多方面有别于日常英语、文学英语等语 体。科技语言的总的要求是以最少的文字符号准确地 表达、传递最大的信息量。为此，语言精练、结构紧 凑就成了科技语言的突出特征。这 些特点主要表现在 词汇和句法两个层面上：
如: frame 框架(日常英语) 机架(机械原理) "帧"或"镜头“(电讯技术) Normal 中性的、当量、标准浓度 （化学） 垂直的、法线的、法线（数学） 不受感染的（生理上）
Transmission 发射（无线电工程学） 传动、变速（机械学） 透射（物理学） 遗传（医学）
（4）The volume of a gas becomes smaller when the pressure upon it is increased.
当作用在气体上的压力增大时，气体的体积就缩小。
3. adj.----v
(1) It was a very informative meeting. 会上透漏了许多信息。 (2) The couple is fond of modern music. 这对夫妇喜欢现代音乐。
A gas may be defined as a substance which remains homogeneous, and the volume of which increases without limit, when the pressure on it continuously reduced, the temperature being maintained constant. 气体是一种始终处于均匀状态的物质，当温度保持不变， 而其所受的压力不断降低时，它的体积可以无限增大。 （本句不长，但包含两个定语从句，一个状语从句）
（2） 多用长句和逻辑关联词(logic connectors) 常常使用一些含有许多短语和分句的长句，同时还 常使用许多逻辑关联词，如hence, consequently, accordingly, then, however, but, yet, also, on the contrary, as a result, furthermore, finally, in short等，以使行文逻辑关系清楚、层次条理分明。
c. 多缩略词 为使用便利和节省时间，科技英语同经贸英语一样，也有许多缩略 词， FM frequency modulation 调频 （2） 准专业术语和词汇多 准专业词汇指的是那些在不同学科中都存在但意义所指不同的词汇， 其中有相当数量的词汇属于普通常用词汇。
1、 n----v
(1) We must place stress on the prevention of diseases. 我们应以预防疾病为主。
(2）Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural. 人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗？ (3)我建议他立即戒烟。 My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.
（8）You must be a very bad learner, or else you must have a very bad teacher. 你一定很不会学，要不就是找了个很不会教的人。 (9) He is the murderer of his boss. 他谋杀了他的老板. (10) He had been the ruler of that region for as long as 20 years.. 他统治了那个地区长达二十年。
III. 翻译技巧 （一）：词类转译（conversion） 英语名词化结构与汉语动词的转换 （静态结构与动态结构的转换） contrastive study of English and Chinese in usage of verbs: static (E) vs dynamic(C) noun-prominent(E) vs verb-prominent(C)
1、词汇层面
（1） 专业术语多 这些专业术语的特点是： a. 词形较长 大多含有源于拉丁语、希腊语和法语的词根、词缀。 如：nucleonics (核子学) semisomnus (半昏迷) excoriation (表皮脱落)
b. 多复合词 人们常常通过各种构词方法创造出一些复合词来表示科技发展中出 现的新事物 如radiophotography 无线电传真
（5） 介词词组连用多 为了较为简练地反映各事物(即各句子成分)之间的时空、所 属、因果等逻辑关系，科技英语中介词词组(短语)连用较多。 例如： The action of air on an airplane in flight at low altitude is greater than that at high altitude. 空气对于低空飞行飞机的作用力大于高空飞行的飞机。
2、 句法层面 （1） 多名词化结构。 为使行文简洁，科技英语中多用表示动作或状态的抽象 名词或起名词功用的V-ing形式以及名词短语结构。 如：computer programming teaching device manual 计算机程序编制教学装置手册 the generation of heat by friction 摩擦生热 总之，科技英语以客观事物为中心，即所谓的objectcentered或concept-centered。
有些长句的内容安排与汉语的安排与汉语的习惯大体相 同，翻译时，基本可按原文语序依次译出，而无须做太 大的调整变通。这种译法叫顺译法。
1）顺译法 （1）Although she had long lost the blue-eyed, flowerlike charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple blossom coloring （2）which had so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurt twenty-six years ago, （3）she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion , （4） whose cheeks seemed faintly mottled, （5）and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.
例： In order to understand the operation of a transistor, it is first necessary to be familiar with the mechanism of charge（电荷） transfer across a junction（结） formed between a piece of n-type semi-conductor（半导体）and a piece of P-type semi-conductor.