大学英语2翻译全套
新一代大学英语2课文翻译

About 2,400 years ago in Athens a man was put to death for askingtoo many questions. There were philosophers before him, but it was with Socrates that a the subject really took off. If philosophy has a patron saint it is Socrates.大约是2,400 年以前,在雅典,有一个人因为问了太多问题被判了死刑。
在他之前,也有许多哲学家,可哲学这门学科却是从他——苏格拉底开始,才进入一个真正腾飞的阶段。
苏格拉底之于哲学,就是一位引路和守护的圣人。
As a young man he had been a brave soldier fighting in the Peloponnesian War against the Spartans and their allies.In middle age he shuffled around the marketplace, stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions. That was more or less all he did. But the questions he asked were razor-sharp. They seemed straightforward; but they weren’t.年轻时的苏格拉底曾是一名勇敢的战士,参与了伯罗奔尼撒战争,抵御斯巴达人及其盟军。
到了中年,他在市集随处走动,时不时拦下路人,问他们一些难以回答的问题。
他差不多就只干这个。
但他的问题都很犀利,看似简单直白,实际却不好回答。
The word “philosopher” comes from the Greek words meaning “love of wisdom”. The Western tradition in philosophy spread from ancient Greece across large parts of the world, at time cross-fertilized by ideas from the East. The kind of wisdom that it values is based on argument, reasoning and asking question, not on believing things simply because someone important has told you they are true. Wisdom for Socrates was not knowing lots of facts, or knowing how to do something. It meant understanding the true nature of our existence, including the limits of what we can know. Philosophers today are doing more or less what Socrates was doing: asking tough questions, looking at reasons and evidence, struggling to answer some of the most important question we can ask ourselves about the nature of reality and how we should live.“哲学家”一词(philosopher)来源于希腊语,意思是“对智慧的热爱”。
大学英语2翻译原文及答案

Unit11.背离传统需要极大的勇气1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.2.汤姆过去很腼腆,但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。
2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。
3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.4.假设那幅画确实是名作,你觉得值得购买吗?4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it?5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的,那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。
5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.Unit21.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。
1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2.每当他生气的时候,他说话就有一些结巴。
2) Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3.教育是我们家庭最看重的传统,这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭,却送我到最好的私立学校上学。
大学英语2课后翻译

1.儿童有成人陪同便可在这里游泳。
Children may swim here provided that they are accompanied by adults.2.这位美国记者因其关于中国的言论而大出洋相,因为他对三十年来中国发生的一切真的是孤陋寡闻了。
This American journalist made a fool of himself over his remarks a bout China, because he’s been out of touch with what’s been happening in the country in the past three decades.3. 任何人,不论家庭出身、性别和年龄,都有受教育的权利。
Every person has the right to education, regardless of his or her family background, sex, and age.4. 因特网的发明尽管造成了一些问题,但是却极大地方便了我们生活中几乎所有方面,包括教育、医疗和贸易等。
]The invention of the Internet, despite the fact that it has given rise to some problems, has greatly facilitated almost every aspect of our life, including education, medicine, and business.5.您计划出国度假的时候,造成不要忽视购买旅行保险;否则万一发生什么意外,您也许会有很大的麻烦。
Never overlook your travel insurance when you are planning to spend your holiday abroad; otherwise you might find yourself in great trouble if any accident should occur.6. 在那部电影里,那个亿万富翁面临着两难选择——和妻子离婚,让她分走他半个金融帝国,或者冒着被警方发现的危险把她谋杀掉。
大学英语2 翻译

Unit oneA、 1) 约翰同时干许多事情。
我觉得他应当休息一下。
(work on, all at once, take a break)John works on many things all at once. I think he should take a break. 2) 杨教授说的话有着神奇的力量。
许多同学接受他的忠告,开始专注学业了。
(what, magical, advice, focus on)What Prof. Yang said has magical power. On his advice, many students began to focus on their schoolwork.3) 由于星期天晚上汤姆没有提示他将做何种选择,我无法弄清楚他会如何完成这项任务。
(clue, option, figure out, accomplish)As Tom gave no clue Sunday night about which option he would choose,I can’t figure out how he will accomplish the task.4) 我的父亲是极负责任的人。
虽然他总是很忙,但他设法每天都给家庭留出一些时间。
(responsibility, on the go, set aside)My father is a man of great responsibility. Though he is on the go all the time, he manages to set aside some time for the family every day.5) 这个项目的成功与否取决于我们如何确定轻重缓急。
(project, depend on, priority)The success of the project depends on how we set our priorities.6) 在计算机商店里,我的朋友建议我们先试一下光碟播放机再决定买哪个。
大学英语综合教程2Unit1~5单词释义及句子翻译

大学英语综合教程2Unit1~5单词释义及句子翻译Unit1anklen.踝,踝节部bankn.银行,储库boltv.逃跑,猛冲buttn.屁股calfn.小腿肚careen v.使倾斜colleague n.同事 confusionn.混乱 descentn.下降 devastatinga.毁灭性的 dilemman.困难的选择 drawstringn.拉绳 flightn.一段楼梯或阶梯 gaspn.喘气声 heavyseta.体格魁伟的 illusionn.幻觉lash v.猛烈地冲击 lobby n.大厅,休息室pandemoniumn.喧嚣;极端混乱嘈杂的地方purgatory n.灾难;涤罪ripv.撕rumblen.隆隆声sap soakv.浸,泡spasmn.抽筋stairwelln.楼梯井swayv.摇晃ultimate a.极端的cast into 卷入find one’s way to找到 guinea pig豚鼠off and on断断续续wade into 涉入 window shade 百叶窗1.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进的技术,令观众仿佛身临其境Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves.2.在那场大火中,整个古城毁于一旦,但是这块石碑却幸运地保存了下来That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived.3.他们看了那段录像,听了那位妇女的讲述,心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake.4.那场大地震中,我们听到过太多太多教师的事迹,他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生,献出了自己的生命In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives.5.豫园的建造始于1558年,但由于资金短缺时建时停,1578年才建成The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money.6.1980年我遇到她时,她刚从国外读完硕士回来In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a master’s degree.7.这是我第一次来纽约,但我还是设法找到了那家小公司It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm.8.在电影界要达到顶峰是非常困难的,但是作为一名导演谢晋做到了It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director Xie Jin did it.unit2accomplished a.完成的 adolescent a.青春期的n.aging 老龄化过程agonyn.痛苦apta.有倾向,易于aspect n.方面awaitv.等待blazer contentmentn.满足contradict v.反驳,同矛盾 contrastn.明显的差异convincev.使信服criticala.决定性的,关键的delay v.使耽搁,延期deviln.邪恶diet v.节食distinct a.明显的,显著的feverishlyad.激动地framen.框架;体格freak n.怪人jogv.慢跑lanklya.瘦的,细长的loose-fittingq.宽大的megadosen.(维生素等)大剂量musculara.肌肉的plead v.央求,恳求premise n.前提pursuev.从事quirkn.怪癖saint n.圣经sanity n.神智健全;头脑清楚slicen.片tailor v.缝制teenn.青少年though ad.但是un-American unsettlinga.使人不安的waistn.腰wiry a.瘦而结实的worship v.崇拜be obsessed with 痴迷于keep score 记分milk shake奶昔pecan pie 山核桃馅饼take up with 开始于来往;开始产生兴趣work out 锻炼1.如今许多爱慕虚荣的年轻人,尽管还不富裕,但却迷上了漂亮的小轿车Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them.2.当他的婚外恋被妻子发现后,他们的婚姻终于破裂了Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife.3.那位艺术家为了获得创作的灵感,在农村住了三年,放弃了生活上的许多享受For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life.4.我不知道明天去崇明岛的远足活动能不能成行,因为这要取决于会不会下雨I’m not sure if we can have the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow. It is at the mercy of the weather.5.他早年到日本学医,回国后却改变了主意,一辈子从事文学创作When he was young he went to Japan to learn medicine, but after he returned to China he changedhis mind and pursued a career as a writer all his life.6.她最近和足以做他父亲的老头好上了。
大学英语2全文翻译(完整版)

1.With my own ears I clearly heard the heart beat of the nuclear bomb.我亲耳清楚地听到原子弹的心脏的跳动。
2. Next year the bearded bear will bear a dear baby in the rear.明年,长胡子的熊将在后方产一头可爱的小崽.3. Early I searched through the earth for earth ware so as to research inearthquake.早先我在泥土中搜寻陶器以研究地震.4. I learn that learned earnest men earn much by learning.我得知有学问而认真的人靠学问挣很多钱.5. She swears to wear the pearls that appear to be pears.她发誓要戴那些看起来像梨子的珍珠。
6. I nearly fear to tear the tearful girl's test paper.我几乎害怕撕那个泪流满面的女孩的试卷.7. The bold folk fold up the gold and hold it in hand.大胆的人们将黄金折叠起来拿在手里。
8. The customers are accustomed to the disgusting custom.顾客们习惯了令人讨厌的风俗.9. The dust in the industrial zone frustrated the industrious man.工业区里的灰尘使勤勉的人灰心.10. The just budget judge just justifies the adjustment of justice.公正的预算法官只不过为司法调整辩护而已。
新标准大学英语2课文翻译

新标准大学英语2课文翻译Unit 1 Friendship。
Part I Pre-reading Task。
Friendship is a special kind of relationship that brings joy, comfort, and support to our lives. It is a bond that is built on trust, understanding, and mutual respect. In this unit, we will explore the theme of friendship through various texts and activities.Part II Text A。
The first text of this unit is a short story titled "The Gift of the Magi" by O. Henry. It tells the story of a young couple, Jim and Della, who are deeply in love but facing financial hardship. In order to buy each other Christmas gifts, they make sacrifices that ultimately demonstrate the depth of their love and their willingness to sacrifice for each other.Part III Text B。
The second text, "A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed", is a proverb that emphasizes the importance of true friendship. It highlights the idea that a true friend is someone who stands by you in times of need, offering support and encouragement. This text will prompt us to reflect on the qualities of a good friend and the value of genuine connections in our lives.Part IV Text C。
全新版大学英语综合教程2课文翻译及课后答案(全)

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文翻译及课后答案(全)全新版大学英语综合教程2课文翻译及课后答案(全)课文翻译Lesson 1 FriendshipFriendship is one of life's most important treasures. Friends bring us joy, support, and understanding. They are there for us in good times and bad, and they help us grow and become better individuals.In this lesson, we are introduced to the concept of friendship through the story of Damon and Pythias. Damon and Pythias were two loyal friends who lived in ancient Greece. When Pythias was accused of plotting against the tyrant Dionysius, he was sentenced to death. However, Damon offered himself as a hostage so that Pythias could go home and say goodbye to his family. Dionysius was skeptical of Damon's loyalty and gave him a deadline. If Pythias did not return by the appointed time, Damon would be executed in his place. Despite the risk, Pythias returned just in time to save his friend's life. The tyrant was so moved by their friendship that he released Pythias and allowed the two friends to continue their bond.The story of Damon and Pythias teaches us about the importance of loyalty and sacrifice in friendships. True friends are willing to go to great lengths to help and support each other. They are selfless and put the well-being of their friends above their own.Friendship is not only based on loyalty and sacrifice but also on trust and understanding. Friends should be able to confide in each other and know that their secrets are safe. They should also be able to communicate openly and honestly, even when it's difficult. When trust and understanding exist within a friendship, it becomes a safe haven where individuals can be themselves without fear of judgment.Lesson 2 SuccessSuccess means different things to different people. For some, success is measured by wealth and material possessions. For others, success is achieving personal goals and finding fulfillment in life.This lesson introduces us to the story of Jack and the Beanstalk. Jack, a poor boy, was given magic beans in exchange for his family's cow. These beans grew into a giant beanstalk that reached the sky. Jack bravely climbed the beanstalk and discovered a giant's castle where he found treasures and riches beyond imagination. Jack's journey represents the pursuit of success and the willingness to take risks.Success requires determination, hard work, and a positive mindset. It involves setting goals and working tirelessly to achieve them. Along the way, there may be obstacles and setbacks, but successful individuals persevere and stay focused on their objectives.Success is not solely measured by material wealth but also by personal growth and self-fulfillment. It's about finding happiness and contentment in one's achievements and embracing the journey rather than just the destination.课后答案Lesson 1 Friendship1. What is one of life's most important treasures?- Friendship.2. What do friends bring us?- Joy, support, and understanding.3. Who were Damon and Pythias?- They were two loyal friends who lived in ancient Greece.4. What happened to Pythias?- He was accused of plotting against the tyrant Dionysius and was sentenced to death.5. What did Damon do to help Pythias?- Damon offered himself as a hostage so that Pythias could go home and say goodbye to his family.6. What did Dionysius do to test Damon's loyalty?- He gave Damon a deadline. If Pythias did not return by the appointed time, Damon would be executed in his place.7. Did Pythias return in time?- Yes, Pythias returned just in time to save his friend's life.8. How did the tyrant react to Damon and Pythias' friendship?- The tyrant was moved by their friendship and released Pythias, allowing the two friends to continue their bond.Lesson 2 Success1. How do different people define success?- Different people define success in different ways. For some, it's measured by wealth and material possessions. For others, it's about achieving personal goals and finding fulfillment in life.2. What did Jack receive in exchange for his family's cow?- Jack received magic beans.3. What did the magic beans grow into?- The magic beans grew into a giant beanstalk that reached the sky.4. What did Jack find in the giant's castle?- Jack found treasures and riches beyond imagination in the giant's castle.5. What qualities are required for success?- Determination, hard work, and a positive mindset are required for success.6. What should individuals do when facing obstacles and setbacks?- Successful individuals should persevere and stay focused on their objectives when facing obstacles and setbacks.7. How should success be measured?- Success should not only be measured by material wealth but also by personal growth and self-fulfillment. It's about finding happiness and contentment in one's achievements and embracing the journey.注意:以上仅为翻译示例及课后答案,具体课文内容请参照教材。
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There Is Magic in a Word of Praise赞美之词的魔力一次,一位百老汇喜剧演员做了一个噩梦:他梦见自己在一个座无虚席的剧场里讲故事、唱歌,数以千计的人们看着他—但是没有人笑或拍手。
“即使一个星期能赚10万美元,”他说,“那也像人间地狱一般。
”不仅演员需要掌声,没有赞扬和鼓励,任何人都会失去信心。
因此,我们都有着双重需求:被别人称赞以及懂得如何去称赞别人。
说赞美的话是有技巧的,有正确的说法。
比如,因为某些显而易见的成就而去表扬一个人,这不是真正的赞扬。
你得运用辨别力和创造力。
“您今晚的演讲很精彩、很有说服力,”一次,一位和蔼可亲的女士对一位商人说,“我禁不住想,您肯定也能当一名出色的律师。
”听到这意外的溢美之词,那位商人像个男生般地脸红了。
无论声名显赫还是默默无闻,没有一个人会对真诚的赞赏无动于衷。
耶鲁著名的英语教授威廉·里昂·费尔普斯讲述道:“一个炎热的夏日,我走进一家拥挤的饭馆吃中饭。
服务员递给我菜单时,我说,‘今天厨房里的小伙子们肯定在受罪!’服务员惊讶地看着我说:‘来这儿的人都抱怨菜的味道不好,对服务评头论足,还埋怨太闷热。
19年了,你是第一个对后面厨房里的厨师们表示同情的人。
’人们所需要的,”费尔普斯下结论道,“是作为人能得到一点点关注。
”在那种关注中,真诚是至关重要的。
当劳作了一天的男人回家时看见孩子们将脸贴在窗上、张望着等待他,他也许会感到这种无声而珍贵的语言如甘露一般涤荡了他的心灵。
孩子们尤其渴望鼓励。
童年时如果得不到善意的赞赏,将会危及性格的发展。
一位年轻妈妈向A·W·比文牧师讲述了一件让人伤心的事:“我的小女儿常常不听话,我不得不批评她。
但是有一天,她特别乖,没有做一件会挨批评的事。
当天晚上,我给她盖好被子、准备下楼时,听见她在抽泣。
我走回去,发现她把头埋在枕头里。
她一边呜咽一边问:‘难道我今天还不够乖吗?’”“那个问题,” 那位妈妈说,“像把刀一样刺痛了我。
当她做错事时,我总是急于纠正,可是当她努力表现得好些时,我却没有注意。
我哄她睡觉时连一句称赞的话都没有。
”同样的准则——说友善的话——适用于所有的人际关系。
我小时候住在巴尔的摩,当时街坊里开了一家新的药店,为此我们那位技能娴熟、资历颇深的药剂师老派克·巴洛很生气。
他指责他的年轻对手出售廉价药品而且在配药时没有经验。
最后,那位受到伤害的新来的药剂师考虑以诽谤罪起诉对方,于是他去见了一位明智的律师托马斯·海斯。
“别把争端扩大化,”海斯建议说,“试试友善(地处理)。
”第二天,当顾客们告诉他他的对手在讲他坏话时,这位新药剂师说,一定是哪里发生误会了。
“派克·巴洛,”他对他们说,“是这个镇上最好的药剂师之一。
他能在任何一刻、任何一天或任何一晚配出急救药方。
他的细心是我们所有人学习的榜样。
这个街坊已经扩大了—有足够的空间同时容下我们俩。
我把他的药店当作我学习的典范。
”当那位老人听说这些话时——因为称赞和丑闻一样会长着闲聊的翅膀迅速散播——迫不及待地要亲自见见这个年轻人,给他一些有用的建议。
怨恨因真挚诚实的赞扬而化解了。
为什么我们大多数人对于那些能让其他人高兴的事实避而不提呢?“给生者一朵玫瑰,其意义远远胜于送给逝者华丽的花圈。
”一位风度翩翩的老绅士以前常常顺路去新罕布什尔州靠近康韦的一家古董店里推销商品。
有一天,等他走了以后,古董商的妻子说,她很想告诉他他的来访给他们带来了很多乐趣。
丈夫回答说:“下一次我们告诉吧。
”第二年夏天,一个年轻女子来到店里,她自我介绍说是那个销售员的女儿。
她说,她的父亲已经去世了。
“从那天以后,”古董店老板说,“不管什么时候当我想到一个人的优点,我就会立即告诉他。
也许我不再有另一个机会了。
”如同艺术家们在把美展示给别人的过程中能获得满足一样,任何一个掌握赞美艺术的人会发现它对给予者和接受者来说都是一种幸福。
它给陈词滥调注入温暖和愉悦,将喧嚣的世界转变成优美的音乐。
每个人身上都有值得称道的地方。
我们只是需要把它说出来。
Lights, Camera, Action! 灯光,摄影,开始!暮色已经降临在哥斯达黎加的热带雨林,而15岁的赖安·雅各布斯还要徒步行走很长一段路。
他和他的家人正吃力地拖着装备,在泥泞的小径上跋涉。
此刻,赖安呼吸着沉闷而湿润的空气,汗水流淌到他脖子上。
到达野外工作站后,他将在床上方支起蚊帐,睡上一会儿。
然而,那只是片刻的小憩。
凌晨4点,他便会醒来,朝着观测站开始另一次徒步跋涉。
这个美国少年为什么要在夜间徒步穿越中美洲的热带丛林呢?原来,他在为“超级自然探险”的下一集拍摄作准备。
“超级自然探险”是赖安和他的家人为网络制作的一档节目,旨在教育孩子们投身大自然。
这一次,他希望拍摄每年从远方飞来、栖息在哥斯达黎加的200种候鸟中的一些鸟类。
在上一集中,他与生活在这个独特的弹丸之地上的奇异的动物、植物和人有过一次亲密接触。
让我们跟随赖安揭开热带丛林的奥秘吧!奇思妙想赖安原先并不是丛林摄影探险者。
10岁以前,他一直住在威斯康星州。
在他10岁那年,他的父母及两个弟弟一致决定举家搬迁到哥斯达黎加——世界上生物最为多样的地区之一。
哥斯达黎加是连接南北美洲的桥梁,因而两个洲的动植物都能在此安家,其多种多样的栖息地(包括森林、山脉、海岸、沼泽)养育着50万种生物。
赖安说:“如果你来哥斯达黎加看我,你会惊奇地发现我家周围的树上有猴子活动,大鬣蜥在四处爬行,鹦鹉在头顶上飞过。
”搬离威斯康星州之前,兄弟几个就已经被杰夫·科温、斯蒂夫·欧温以及克雷特兄弟等明星主播的自然节目所吸引。
“看了那些节目,我们走出户外,假装自己是那些明星去探索自然,”赖安说道,“后来,我们搬到哥斯达黎加,好像真的变成了那些明星!我们认为我们可以制作自己的节目,激励别的孩子也走出去探索自然。
”兄弟几个负责创作剧本、主持节目,父亲负责摄影,母亲负责编导和制作。
夜幕下的动物很快,雅各布斯兄弟便萌发了制作一集节目的念头,即便这个念头意味着需要夜间在丛林的深处拍摄捕捉青蛙的过程。
赖安回忆说:“当时大雨倾盆,我们浑身湿透,厚厚的淤泥几乎要把靴子从脚上拔落了。
” 青蛙的叫声弥漫四周,赖安的头灯射出的光线从青蛙的小眼睛里反射出来。
男孩们轻轻地抓住青蛙,辨认其种类,然后把它们放走。
在另一段夜间纪录片中,赖安着手打破有关蝙蝠的种种谣传,据说共有110种蝙蝠生活在哥斯达黎加,赖安协助科学家们用网捕捉其中几种,称其重量,辨别其种类。
然后,这些会飞翔的哺乳动物俯冲而下,继续它们吞食果实、散落种子以培育树木的工作。
“人们惧怕蝙蝠,因为惧怕而残杀它们,”赖安说,“我想教育人们,让他们知道蝙蝠不但不可怕,而且它们对环境至关重要。
”赖安13岁的弟弟迈克尔补充道:“我们想通过节目给观众一次体验。
我想,通过那种体验,他们会关爱自然。
如果人们关爱自然,他们就会想着去善待自然。
”丛林里的惊奇关爱自然的另一个原因:大约25% 的处方药最初都是来自于植物,尽管现在其中的大部分掺和着模仿植物混合物的人造化学成分。
赖安采访过一位植物学家兼巫医,得知了哥斯达黎加的土著人之一布里布里人使用植物医治百病的方法。
哥斯达黎加有着万余种已知植物物种,每年还不断有新植物被识别。
谁知道丛林里还蕴藏着多少有待发现的药用植物呢?由于大自然不遵循什么既定剧本,男孩们已经习惯了种种惊奇,比如在孤猴院里小吼猴缠绕在母猴毛发里的情景。
拍摄海龟的片段需要夜间多次前往海滩,正如赖安11岁的弟弟威尔说的那样:“海龟可不会随叫随到!”在候鸟来临之前,赖安连续一周天天在凌晨4点徒步走到观测点。
“超级自然探险”接下来几集的内容包括飞流而下的瀑布、不同寻常的可替代能源一览等。
但是,雅各布斯兄弟可不希望你只是观看他们的节目,他们也想欣赏你的节目。
他们邀请你和你的班级小组制作有关自然的录像,放在他们“超级自然探险”的网站上与大家分享。
赖安的妈妈玛吉说:“我们很想看看并了解别人会展示些什么。
”Unit 7 Cultural DifferencesChinese Place, American Space中国人的住所,美国人的空间中美文化之间差异明显,存在着诸多不同之处。
段义孚在这篇短文中,试图从美国人和华人对空间和住所的不同观念着手,透视中美文化之间的差异。
他断言,美国人较少受到场所的束缚,更注重面向未来。
而受传统文化熏陶的中国人则深为某些特定的场所所束缚。
请注意,段义孚在本文中用较多的笔墨描述了鲜为西人所知的中式房屋和中国传统价值观。
美国人有空间意识,而不在乎地域观念。
如果你去居住在郊外的美国人家里做客,进门的第一件事几乎就是身不由己地漫步到景观窗前。
有意思的是,你进了主人家的住房之后,首先赞美的却是房子外面的美丽景色。
看见你竟然懂得这所房子的景观设计,主人也会颇感欣慰。
远方的地平线不仅是天地之间的分界线,而且是未来的象征。
无论家园有多美丽,美国人并不扎根于此:他的目光总是被向外延伸的空间所吸引,落向地平线上的某一点,那就是他的未来。
与此相反,想一想传统的中式庭院。
清一色的围墙环绕四周,影壁后面是一个院子,角落里或许还有一座微型花园。
一旦踏入主人的私家小院,你会置身于一种安静优美的氛围,一个由楼阁、幽径、假山和花草点缀其间的错落有致的世界。
但是,你看不到远处的风景,你的面前没有任何开阔的空间。
在这样一所房子里,你对大自然的所有感受仅仅是天气的变化,唯一的空间是头顶上的天空。
中国人扎根于他的家园。
中国人对家园怀有深厚的情感。
云游四海乃是一种陌生的情趣。
道家的经典著作《道德经》是这样来描述中国人扎根于本土的理想的:“邻国相望,鸡犬之声相闻,民至老死,不相往来。
”在理论上,农民在中国社会中地位较高。
究其原因,不仅在于农民从事生产粮食的基础产业,更在于他们不同于唯利是图的商人,他们情系自己的土地,即使身临险境,也绝不背弃家园。
乡愁是中国诗歌中一个经久不衰的主题。
美国人在阅读中国诗歌的译作时,可能会对频繁出现的强烈的思乡哀愁感到诧异,甚至反感。
要理解这种强烈的感情,就必须知道,中国人由于饱受战乱流亡、旱涝灾害之苦,对于安定的生活怀有强烈的渴望。
迫不得已的颠沛流离使中国人对于失去的感受更为强烈。
与此相反,美国人搬家大多出于自愿。
他们对故里的怀念其实是对一去不复返的童年时光的眷恋。
与此同时,未来召唤着他们,未来正守候在那广袤的空间里。
当我们批评美国人的“无根性”时,往往忘了这正是我们所推崇的理想带来的结果,即社会的流动性和对未来的乐观态度。
当我们赞许中国人的“扎根性”时,却忘了“住所”一词既表示空间位置,也表示社会地位:被束缚于某一处所也就意味着受制于人生的某种定势,很少有改观的希望。