专题练习--概括主旨
中考语文复习 分析概括主旨
分析概括主旨
1、常见题型
（1）本文告诉我们什么道理？
（2）结合文章内容/文章第……段，谈谈你对文章主旨的理解。
（3）本文的主旨是什么？请写出两个方面并结合具体内容简要分析。
（4）有人说，本文的主旨是……你同意这种说法吗？请说明理由。
2、答题思路
（1）抓标题、抓关键句、精读重点段
（2）注意不同文章的着眼点：
①写人类文章应从分析人物形象入手，看作者是赞扬还是批判，一般文章的主旨主要体现在标题、开头段、结尾段中。
②记事类文章中的议论、抒情语句，点明了事件意义，一般就是主旨。
③托物言志类文章要找到物与人之间的联系，再根据作者好恶归纳主旨。
④写景抒情类文章主要看作者在写景过程中所表达的思想感情。
⑤小说往往需要将人物和事件放在社会、时代中来分析意义。
3、答题模式
（1）本文记叙了（描写了、刻画了）……的故事（事迹、经过等），表现了（赞美了、揭示了、讽刺了、反映了、批判了、揭露了）……的思想（性格、精神），抒发了作者……的感情。
（2）通过叙述（描写）……，表达了……的感情（或揭示了……道理）。
高考 阅读指导 概括主旨训练 试题
智才艺州攀枝花市创界学校概括主旨训练题概括主旨题要求考生通过阅读一段文字进展概括归纳或者者把握中心主旨。
【提问方式】通常带有“主旨〞、“主要〞、“核心〞、“主题〞、“中心〞、“概括〞等标志性词语。
提问方式有：“这段话的主旨是〞、“这段话主要讲述的是〞、“这段话的意思是在强调〞、“这段文字主要介绍的是〞、“对这段文字最准确的概括是〞、“这段文字主要强调的是〞等。
【解题思路】阅读过程中中寻找到终点的核心语句，即主题句，然后在备选项里面选出与主题句意思大致程度上匹配的一项，这就是这道题目的正确答案。
首先考生在阅读片段的过程中一定要注意对关联词的标注与提示。
其次，把握材料中的重要的词语和句子。
再次，从行文脉络切入，进展快速有效的区分。
所谓行问脉络就是指文章的构造，作者写作的思路。
考生在平时的练习中要着重培养把握行文脉络的才能，在泛读的同时也要选一些文段进展精读，通过二者结合的方式让自己可以到达在短时间是内迅速把握行文脉络，明确作者的表达观点的才能，这就是阶梯的制胜法宝。
最后，带入答案进展检验。
注意要全面、正确、核心。
【例题1】在我国参加世界贸易组织、农业科技迅猛开展的形势下，农业面临的竞争首先是科技竞争。
只有尽快进步农民的文化素质和科技意识，才能不断推广阔批先进实用的农业科技成果，为农业和农村经济的开展提供有力的科技支撑。
我国将继续推进农业和农村经济构造调整，大力开展优势农产品和特色产业，将在粮食主产区推广50个优质高产高效品种和10项关键技术。
这些品种和技术的推广和运用都需要高素质的农民。
为此，国家已经决定大力开展农村成育，在全国普遍开展农村实用技术培训，每年将培训农民超过1亿人次。
这段文字的意思是在强调()A、农民亟须进步科学文化素质B、国家加大农业和农村经济构造调整C、开展科技才能进步我国农业的竞争力D、每年有大量农民承受农村实用技术培训【答案】A。
【解析】此题的主旨是最后一句。
因此“为此〞正是一个表示总结性的词语。
记叙文阅读——概括内容专题练习(含答案)
记叙文阅读——概括内容专题练习(含答案)在我家乡的田野上，种植着大面积的花生，而我的父亲则是花生的大户。
很多人向他请教，父亲总是笑眯眯地点起一支烟，说：“花生啊，好活……”他的声音很长，像在讲述自己的孩子一样骄傲。
事实上，花生真的是一个好活。
自从我有记忆以来，每年的秋天，田野上都是一望无际的花生，这种作物几十年来从未让人失望过。
在我印象中，每当麦子将要熟时，父亲就开始种植花生。
他只需要一把铲子和一个三角撑子这样的简单工具。
不久，小花生种子就在土里发芽了。
等到麦子收割完毕，花生苗已经长成了一片翠绿的景象。
看着这些苗，我们瞪大了好奇的眼睛，对它们爱不释手。
父亲开着农用车一趟一趟地拉着麦秆，车轮碾在花生苗上，使它们扁下去，流出了青色的汁液。
我们心疼得直哭，但父亲却哈哈大笑，说：“没事的，它们结实着呢！”果然，一段时间后，我们再次见到它们，它们都好好的，青叶之间还缀满了小黄花。
父亲告诉我们，别小瞧这些不起眼的小花，一朵花就是一颗白白胖胖的花生。
他还向我们讲述了花生地上开花地下结果的特性。
我们听得津津有味，情不自禁地数起了那些小小的花，一朵，两朵，三朵……我们心里溢满了欢喜。
花生的生命力之强简直让人难以相信。
有一年，麦子收割完毕后，邻家图省事，就把田里的麦茬点燃了。
可是火势借着风力殃及了我们家的地，一片青青的景象几个小时后变成了一片黑乎乎的天地。
父亲一向自信的表情变得煞白，他猛地坐在地头，喃喃地说：“完了！这下花生肯定活不了了……”然而，第二天，父亲就去街上重新买了花生种子。
没想到，夜里一场雨后，黑乎乎的田里又冒出了绿绿的嫩芽。
花生特别容易管理。
只需要一遍除草剂，就可以让它自由生长。
在漫长的夏天里，容易干旱，但花生并不怕。
当玉米和棉花的叶片因为焦渴而耷拉时，花生依然擎着黄色的花蕊，绽放出属于自己的一道风景。
在秋天收获时，即使碰上连绵的风雨天气，也不会有什么关系，因为果实长在下面，雨水反而滋润了它们。
每年的父亲节，班级都会开展以“感恩父亲”为主题的实践活动。
专题08 记叙文阅读(二)概括与主旨(解析版)
专题08 记叙文阅读（二）概括与主旨（一）概括要点：1.看标题，标题表明内容。
2.抓文章的中心词、中心句、概括句（往往是第一段、末段的首句或尾句）以及承上启下的过渡句。
3.通过分段，看各段之间是何关系，并列关系相加，偏正关系以正为主。
4.六要素概括法，记事写人的文章要素是：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过和结果。
对策：首先抓住主要人物，主要事件。
5.根据文章线索。
（1）线索的特点：①连贯性：贯穿全文，不脱节，不跳跃；②始终性：线头在开端、线尾在末段，线索在开头结尾都要有体现。
（2）线索的分类：①以某一事物为线索：如《17年中考以单车为线索。
②以某一事件为线索：如16年中考以爸爸教我读中国诗为线索。
③以某一人物的见闻和感受为线索④以时间为线索：⑤以作者的思想感情或思想感情的变化为线索：如：《春》以“对春天的赞美之情”为线索。
⑥以地点或（行踪）的转换为线索⑦以景物的变化为线索（二）概括主题中心思想1.分析写作背景，体会中心。
了解背景能明白作者的写作意图，有助于准确地归纳文章的主题。
如了解了《故乡》的背景就容易分析出文章的主题是通过闰土等人的巨大变化，揭示黑暗统治及农民生活痛苦的现实。
2.分析标题，概括中心。
标题是文章的眼睛，有的文章标题可揭示文章的中心，可先通过分析文章的标题，结合文章的内容，准确概括出文章中心。
如《秋天的怀念》题目就直接揭示了主题。
3.看开头结尾的中心句文章常常开篇点题，分析开篇的语句、段落，往往可以把握文章主题。
如《背影》开篇写了作者的切身感受，概括起来就是文章的主题。
篇尾点题也是为文之法，有的记叙文卒章显志，往往在结尾用简短的议论、抒情揭示文章的中心，可细心品味文章的结尾，结合文章的内容，准确概括文章的中心，如《走一步，再走一步》。
4.分析议论、抒情句，品味中心。
有的记叙文，作者往往用议论、抒情的语句，表达情感，这些句子往往与中心密切相关，要认真品读这些句子，就能准确概括文章的中心。
专题02 概括文章的中心思想-2023年小升初语文阅读理解专项复习讲练测(部编版)
专题02概括文章的中心思想知识梳理一、提问方式1.这篇文章给你什么启示？2.读了这篇文章，你懂得了什么道理？3.概括文章的中心思想。
二、答题思路文章的中心思想就是作者的写作意图、目的。
在阅读中，能概括一篇文章的中心思想是我们必备的语文素养。
◆概括文章中心思想常用的方法。
★要准确概括文章的主旨，前提是充分理解课文内容，在此基础上，我们再来看看下面提供的概括文章中心思想的方法。
（1）分析题目，理解意图。
有些文章的题目就是文章中心思想的体现，起到统领全文的作用。
如：《滴水穿石的启示》（2）抓住重点句，理解意图。
第一，从过渡段、中心句、反复语句入手。
第二，从作者的抒情句、议论句入手。
第三，从文章的总起句入手。
第四，从文章的总结句入手。
（3）抓住文章的主要内容，理解意图。
先概括出文章的主要内容，再想一想作者为什么要写这些内容，然后领会写作目的。
3.归纳中心思想的技巧：中心思想=主要内容+主旨(感情/道理/品质)文章体裁基本句式写人的文章“表现（表达）了……品质”或“赞扬（歌颂）……精神”记事的文章“表达……思想感情”或“表现（赞颂）……新风尚”或“说明了……道理”状物的文章“表达……思想感情”或“说明……道理”或“说明（赞扬）……品质（精神）”写景的文章“表达（表现）……思想感情”题型解决方案精选练习一、（2021·福建福州·统考小升初真题）阅读短文。
天鹅守护神①2017年10月我应邀参加乌镇戏剧节。
在乌镇，听朋友贾安宜谈到老袁和天鹅的故事：“天鹅一次只睡45秒，45秒睁一次眼再睡45秒，这样连起来一天也可睡8个小时。
为什么？它要随时保持警觉性，以防天敌，而人类是其最大的天敌。
”这是天鹅卫士学顺说的。
袁学顺住威海荣成，他20岁开始保护、照顾伤残的天鹅，42年来从不懈怠，我听后深受感动，决定去山东拜访他。
②老袁谈到最心爱的天鹅，眼睛都发光，他懂得天鹅的语言，如数家珍地说大天鹅有喇叭天鹅、咳声天和啸声天鹅。
主旨概括练习题
主旨概括练习题
在生活和工作中，我们常常需要用文字来表达自己的意见和观点。
因此，提炼主旨概括的能力对于我们的写作和沟通都非常重要。
下面，我们将介绍一些主旨概括的练习题，帮助你提升这一能力。
一、简单句主旨概括
1. 《红楼梦》是一部关于贵族社会衰落的小说。
2. 电视剧《人民的名义》反映了反腐斗争的艰巨性。
3. 运动对于身体健康有着积极的影响。
二、复合句主旨概括
1. 虽然经济全球化带来了短期的经济增长，但也带来了许多问题。
2. 科技的发展在一定程度上改变了人们的生活方式，但也带来了一
些负面影响。
3. 尽管教育资源不够均衡，但通过政府的努力，教育公平问题正在
得到改善。
三、段落主旨概括
1. 童年时期的美好回忆对于一个人的人生价值观有着深远的影响。
2. 当前，短视频平台已经成为年轻人最重要的信息获取渠道之一。
3. 治理环境污染是当代社会的一项重要任务，需要全社会的努力参与。
四、文章主旨概括
不同于上面的练习题只需概括一个句子或段落的中心思想，这一练习考察你能否概括整篇文章的主旨。
文章标题：如何提高自己的写作能力
（正文内容可以包括一些写作技巧、方法或者经验分享）
通过以上练习题，相信你已经对主旨概括有了更深入的理解。
在实际写作中，我们常常需要准确、简洁地表达自己的观点，这就需要我们具备概括主旨的能力。
希望你在日后的写作中能够灵活运用这一技巧，提升自己的表达能力。
(完整word版)4记叙文阅读—概括主旨
记叙文阅读理解—-概括文章主旨一、熟悉考点概括文章主旨，实际上是考查学生的综合阅读能力，既包括理解分析文章内涵的能力，又包括概括、提炼、表达的能力.由于此考点涉及的内容十分丰富，思维量较大。
因此难度较大,往往得分不高。
不过,只要考生能够掌握其解题规律和方法，还是能够达到“吹尽狂沙始到金”的效果。
在记叙类文章中，作者通过写人叙事或写景状物所表达的某种观点、认识或思想情感，就是文章的主旨。
二、考查方式:(分为直接或间接）➢要求直接概括文章的观点(主旨），如“读完全文，请你用自己的话概括本文的主题。
”➢考查对体现主旨的关键句子的理解，实际上是间接概括主旨。
如：“请简要分析文中画线句‘再把这把土扔了，就等于扔掉了我的整个人生'的深刻含义。
”➢通过考查对题目内涵的理解来考查对主旨的理解。
如：“作者为什么用‘痴心石’作为文章的题目？请联系全文谈谈你的理解."➢根据阅读感受谈启示（体会、看法）的题.如：×××的事迹给了你什么样的启示?选择一点，结合本文内容或联系生活实际，谈谈你的看法。
三、方法指导(重点内容)⒈从文章的题目入手。
题目是文章的“眼睛”，通过题目所传达出来的信息,可以捕捉到作者所要表达的思想感情和倾向，捕捉到作者的写作意图。
如契诃夫的《变色龙》,题目形象地暗示了中心。
⒉从文章的结构入手（开头、中间、结尾）。
有的文章开门见山，直抒胸臆；如茅盾的《白杨礼赞》开头：“白杨树实在是不平凡，我赞美白杨树。
”直抒胸臆，直击中心，读这样的开头便可把握文章主旨。
有的文章在中间加上承上启下的过渡段,主旨也会体现在其中。
如《从百草园到三味书屋》《闻一多的说和做》。
⒊从写作背景入手.因为写作背景往往是文章产生的大环境，它会告诉我们作品产生的根源、作者写作的意图，帮助我们把握文章的主旨.⒋从关键语句入手。
关键句是一篇文章中凝练地体现中心的语句。
学会抓关键句，是一种很稳妥的解答方法。
高考英语阅读理解专题练习-主旨大意题
高考英语阅读理解专题练习-主旨大意题Reading comprehension---Main idea1. The easy way out isn’t always easiest. I learned that lessonwhen I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal.I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take tine, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work.I went on preparing the rest if the meal, and, when Doug got home , we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went out side , saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the window to see what he was doing. Looking out , I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house , he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin . Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped close and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the sough to dough to double in size and thefermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as thought it were breathing . It looked like some unknown being from outer space. I could see why Doug was shaken. I had to admit what the ―living thing‖ was and why it was there. I don’t know who was more embarrassed (尴尬) by the whole thing –Doug or me.The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ___________a. to tell an interesting experience.To show the easiest way out of a difficulty. b.c. To describe the trouble facing a newly married womand. To explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books2 Decision thinking is not unlike poker--- it of ten matters notonly what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process () is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers. The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games of ―perfect information‖, games like chess where the players can’t hide anything orplay tricks; they don’t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of ― imperfect information‖, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of actionis better thananother.One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quit the reverse. Business, politics, lifeitself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors () which would even puzzle() best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.The subject discussed in this text is _____a. the process of reaching decisionb. the difference between poker and chess嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 1 of 17c. the secret of making good business plansd. the value of information in winning games 3 Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious, In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时的) . This is the most common type. It usually disappearsquickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example a family problem, the death of a loves one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems,such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(长期的) loneliness usuallylasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonelypeople for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illnesssuch as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad,and sometimes dangerous condition.th The topic of the 41. paragraph is that _________.a. one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contactsb. we depend on various people for different reasonsc. lonely people don’t have many social problemsd. lonely people don’t have many friends2. What is the best title for the passage?a. Three Kinds of Loneliness.b. :Loneliness and Diseasesc. Loneliness and Social Contactsd. Chronic Loneliness.4(Excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute (垃圾道)? You won’t be forlong. Miami’s Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and cycle, too.In Shantzis’ Hi-Rise Recycling system, a chute leads to a pip-shaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated. The system, which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use, enables ,glass, plastics, paper, metal, and other rubbish to go into separate boxes.The system is controlled from a board foxed next to the chute door. The board has a button for each class of recycling materials (). At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors’ chute doors 嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 2 of 17and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.Sorting(分类) recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do thesorting. Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive, so expensive that tones of recyclables remain wasted. Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more cost-effective. (NMET 2000 年 E)The purpose in writing this text is _________.A to encourage people to recycle their rubbish.B. to introduce a recycling system for high risesC to describe the use of computer technology in recyclingD to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rise5 Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment() friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastics, and these are difficult to get rid of.However, tod ay, more and more consumers are choosing ―green‖ and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these, ―Will this shampoo damage the environment?‖ ―Can this metal container b e reused or can it only be used once?‖A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it, this means that companies must now changed the way they make and sell their products to make su re that they are ―green‖, that is, friendly to the environment.Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket productscarry labels (标签) to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing (生产) of clean and safe products their main selling point andemphasize it in their advertising.The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. No longer will the pubic accept the old attitude of ―buy it, use it , throw it away, and forget it.‖ Thepublic pressure is on , and gradually business is cleaning up its act.NMET2001 CWhat would be the best title for the text?a. Business and Peopleb. Business Goes Greenc. Shopping Habits Are Changingd. Supermarkets and Green Products6 If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatesteffect on the English language, you will get answers like―Shakespeare,‖ ―Samuel Johnson,‖ and ―Webster‖, but none of th ese men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English ----William the Conqueror.嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 3 of 17Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language , though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In therest of the country lived the Saxons , actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we nowcall Anglo-Saxon (or Old English ), a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, ,modern English even shows a distinction () between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it isstill out in the field or at ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more ―foreign‖ than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition. NMET2001 DWhat is the subject discussed in the text?a. The history of Great Britain.b. The similarity between English and French.c. The rule of England by William the conquerord. The French influences on the English language.Britain’s oldest man made his first visit to London yesterday atthe age of 110. Mr. John Evans had 7never found the time or the money to make the trip from his homenear Swansea. But, when British Rail offered him an all-expenses-paid birthday trip to the capital, he just could not refuse.Until yesterday he had never been far from home, except for one trip to Aberdeen. Mr.Evens, who spent 60 years working as a miner in South Wales, almost made the journey to London once before, at the turn of the century. ―There was a trip to the White city but it was ten shillings (1shilling =1/20 pound ) return from Swansea-too much I thought. All my money went to the family then,‖ he said.During the nest two days Mr. Evens will be taken on a whistle-stop tour of London to see the sights. Top of his list is a visit to the Houses of Parliament()The only arrangement he does not care for is the wheelchair provided to move him about if he gets tired. ― I don’t like the chair business-people will so think I am getting old,‖ he said.Hi secret for a long and healthy life has been well publicized—no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger.Before setting off from Swansea with his 76-year-old son, Amwel, he quipped, ― I’m glad to see they’vegiven me a return ticket.‖ 2003shanfhai CWhat might be the best title for this passage?a. 100-year-old Touristb. Secret for Long and healthy lifec. Free Return Ticketd. Sightseeing in London嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 4 of 178 BEING –set of by the April 1 Sino-us plane collision(相撞) and US official agreement of the biggestarms sale to Taiwan in decade (ten years) as well as remarks by US president Bush on Defending Taiwan, there have been increasing hacker attacks on websites of the two countries in the past weeks.An American group of hackers (黑客) which calls itself Poison Box had begun ruining Chinese websites after the April1 spy plane incident, top Chinese portal said.The Chinese soon attacked back.On April 2, Chinese hackers invaded two Government websites over the weekend, forcing the Department of labor and the Department of the Health and Human Services to shut down their sites for a short time.The US Department of labor went off line for a few hours after a page in its website was changed to display a picture of Wang Wei, the Chinese pilot who died in the collision.The page was titled ―China back!‖ and read, in English, ―the whole country is so sorry for losing the best son of China ---Wang Wei forever. We will miss the end of the day.‖On May1, hackers exchanged bad remarks (脏话) in which the official White House website wasdefaced (毁容) by a huge amount of e-mail garbage. On May5, theWhite House website fell victim (受害者)to a denial (拒绝) of serviced attack that blocked access (通道) to the site for more than two hours.The Computer Network and Information Security Management Office told web operators an average of 100 sites a day had seen ―some more form of attack.‖The best title of the passage is _____.a. Sino-US plane collision.b. Sino-US Hackers Fighting Cyber () warc. Cyber war continuingd. Wang wei, our best son9 There were two interesting news items () in the paper a few years ago . One was about a man who received a bill from the telephone company for ?999,999—for three month! The other was about a man who received ?2,000 a month ---for doing nothing.The connection between the two news items is simple: computer – the best inventionthof the 20 century. The telephone bill came from a computer which made a terrifying mistake , that was only ?23.36. The other item was not so amusing . A man walked into the unguarded () computer room of a large packaged food company (袋装食品生产公司) and expectly programmed the computer (给计算机编程序) to pay him ?2,000 a month for raw meat which he “supplied”to the company. Of course he never sent the meat, but he certainly received the money. The computer wrote out a bill, and even“signed ”it . It was only a random (随便的) check that uncovered the trick. It could be happening in thousands of other companied all over the world.Computers are not the magical workers that some people say they are. T hey make mistakes, they’re sometimes slower than human beings and they’re easily fooled. The US used to conscript (征兵) people with the help of a computer.The army sent out a card, which had to be filled in and sent back. It was easy to avoid being called up simply by spreading candle-waxon on the card. The computer couldn’t read the card and did nothing with it.嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 5 of 17It’s in our everyday life that computers cause many problems.Let’s get back tousing people instead of computers, befor e a mistake that we can’t put right.The writer’s main idea is __________.A we’d better use people instead of computers in our everyday life.B. We should not use computers because they always make mistakesC. computers are widely used in our everyday lifeD. if we want to work well, don’t use the computers.During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. When 10the crops were good, the economy on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat with almost as much felling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasingly favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, but farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debts were coming due, only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producer groups askedfor farmer controls, but governments had no wish to become involved, at least not until wartime wheat prices threatened to run wild.Anxious to check inflation and rising living costs, the federal government appointed a board of grain supervisors to handle deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle the crop of 1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with full authority to buy, sell and set prices.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how wheat is marketed todayB. To justify suspension of trading on the Grain Exchange.C. To describe the origins of the Canadian Wheat Board.D. To argue for further reforms on the Canadian Wheat Board11. April 27 is Take Our Daughters to Work Day in Britain. Startedat first in the United States and brought to Britain in 1994, Take Our Daughter to Work Day has become a special day for girls between 11 and 15. On that day thousands of girls take a day off school and go together with one of their parents to their work places. The purpose of this day is to broaden girls’ horizons(视野) and raise their self-confidence.For many years people have thought that boy can do better than girls in society. But actually, ―Girls can be whatever they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot , a nurse or a chief executive (主管),‖ says the c hairman of the Our Sons and Daughters Charitable Trust, an organization which supported the activity of the Day. ― Now the girls have a close look at what their parents are doing and this may help them to be more self-confident when they are faced with a choice of work.‖嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 6 of 17Schools and many companied support the activity, too. Palmers Green High School for girls , in north London, has made the day a necessary of careers education.Zarina Bart,15, from Palmers Green, went with her mother Gwen to her lawyer’s office on this year’sTake Our Daughters to Work Day. ―I learned how to fill in a legal aid form and I read details of a case. Then I went to see the actual trail,‖ she said.Zarina found it interesting to see her mother at work . ―It’s really strange seeing Mum at work-runningaround, getting serious and telling people what to do.‖ She has always liked this idea of going into law and thinks it likely that she will follow in her mother’s footsteps. Having a chance to see how her mother works has given hr more self-confidence.Experts believe that girls with higher self-confidence aim higher and are more likely to be successful in life. Parents have more important effert on the confidence of teenage girls. If parents believe in their daughter and show examples both at work as well as at home for them, this will give a lot of help to girls. Take Our Daughters to Work Day is surely a step in the right direction.The writer’s purpose in writing this text is to _________A introduce to us a special day for girlsB broaden girls’ view and raise their confidenceC show us that girls can do as well as boysD tell how the special day for girls came into beingTo swim the English channel takes at least nine hours. It’s hard work and it makes you short of breath. 12To fly over the channel takes only twenty minutes as long as you’re not held up at the airport, but it’s an expensive way to travel. You can travel by hovercraft(气垫船) if you don’t mind the noise and that takesforty minutes. Otherwise , you can go by boat, if you remember sea-sickness pills. All these means of transport (运输) have their problems, and the weary (厌烦的) traveler often dreams of being able to drive to France in his own car. ―Not possible, you say. Well, wait a minut e people are once again considering the idea of a Channel tunnel or bridge.‖ This time , the great London Council(议会) is looking into the possibility of building a channel link straight to London. A bridge would cost far more a tunnel, but you would be able to go by rail or by car on a bridge, whereas (然而) a tunnel would provide a rail link only.Why is this idea being discussed again? Is Britain realizing theneed for links with Europe as a result of joining EEC(欧共体)? Well, perhaps. The main reason , though, is that a tunnel or bridge wouldreach the twenty square kilometers of London’s discussed stimulate(刺激) trade and revitalise (使…..具有活力) the port, and would ,make London a main trading center in Europe. With a link over the channel, you could buy your fish and chips in England and be able to eat them in France while they are still warm!The main idea of the passage is ______A how to develop the trade of LondonB crossing the Channel isdifficultC how to get to Europe more convenientlyD what to do in the development of traveling13 Believe it or not, optical illusion(错觉) can cut highwaycrashes(撞毁)Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 7 of 17a simple optical illusion. Bent strips, called cheverons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think thatthey are faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for TrafficSafety in Washington D.C. is planning t o repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint cheverons and other patterns of strips on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much a one fifth of allfatal(致命) traffic accidents,according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will carryits tests in areas where speed-related hazards(危险) are the greatest –curves(弯),exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars(水平障碍物)painted across roads can initially(最) cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as 初drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Cheverons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are, but also make a lane(车道) appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.The passage mainly discusses ________.A a new way of highway speed controlB a new pattern for painting highwaysC a new way to training driversD a new type of optical illusionFarmer ED Rawlings smiles as he looks at his orange trees. The young oranges are growing well in 14Florida’s weather. Warm sunshine and gentle rains, along with ED Rawlings expert care, will produce a good crop of oranges this year.But ED has to fight against Florida’s changeable winter weather. In January and February,temperature can destroy ED’s entire orange crops. Having farmed in Florida for the past 35 years, Ed Rawlings is prepared for the frosts(). When temperatures drop below freezing, Ed tries to save his crop by watering his orange trees. The water freezes and forms a thin layer() of ice on the trees. Strange as it may sound, this thin layer of ice actually keep the fruit warm..What happens is simple. When the trees are watered, the water loses heat and becomes ice. The warmth of the heat it loses is sicked in by the fruit and keeps its temperature at a safe level.Ed Rawling has effectively used this method to save many orange crops.But Ed still faces some difficulties. The trees should be watered at the exact moment the temperature drops to the freezing point. Also, just the right quantity of water must be used. Too much water can form athick layer of ice that will break the trees branches. Anotherdifficulty is that wind blows away the heat. So Ed has to worry about not only when but also how often his trees should be watered, and how much water should be used.Computer technology may help Ed with some of these worries. With equipment, air and soil temperatures and wind speed can be measured. The information is fed into a computer which can tell when temperatures drop to freezing. The computer can correctly decide the quantity of water to be used and how嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 8 of 17frequently the trees should be watered. Ed will find looking after his orange trees a l ot easier with the help of a computer, and we’llall have the benefits(or advantages) of computerage oranges.The passage is mainly about_______.A a farmer’s expert care for his orange treesB the different uses of computersC growing oranges in Florid a’s changeable weatherD different wayof frost protection15 RALOALTO, California—―Switching off the television may help prevent children from gettingfatter—even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise,‖ US researchers sai d lastweek.A study of 192 third and forth grades, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watchingtelevision gained nearly two pounds (0.91kg) less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet.―The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television view and not any other activity,‖ said Thomas Robison, a pediatrician() at Stanford University.In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies’ annual meeting () in SanFrancisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one third.Children watching fewer hours of television showed a pretty smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their took part in any extra exercise.―One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuckto the television may simply have been moving around more and burningoff calories,‖ Robinson said.―Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more,‖ Robison said.The author tried to tell us in the first two paragraphs that _____A children will get fatter if they eat too muchB Children will get thinner if they eat lessC children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TVD children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV16 During the summer you should be even more careful than usual of the foods you prepare. Foods spoil faster in hot weather than in cold weather. When you are shopping , purchase frozen and refrigerated foods, don’t make long stops on your way home because frozen foods could become soft or warm. Using insulated(密封的) bags helps keep food cold until you arrive home. Mild or milk products should be refrigerated immediately. When camping or picnicking or at any time when refrigeration isn’t available, use special dry foods. Above all , if a food doesn’t seem to be normal in odor(气味) or appearance, discard (抛弃) itimmediately. Don’t taste it.What is the main idea of the passage?嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 9 of 17A How to store frozen and refrigerated foodsB How to keep keep food from spoiling (变坏) during the summer?C How to select fresh food?D How to prepare summer food17 A new era(纪元) is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to be a basic change in the way we work. Already we are there now. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen。
(高考语文阅读专题)2020年高考语文阅读专题04分析概括文章主旨或情感散文含解析
专题04 分析概括文章主旨或情感（散文）【归纳内容要点】1、常见题型①请概括某一段（或全文）的内容要点。
②本文的主旨是什么并具体分析文章是怎样逐层表现主旨的③文章表现了什么感情？请从作品的内容和写法两方面分析作者是如何表达的？2、解题思路全文内容概括：第一种：概括某些原因。
很多散文，作家都是阐发某种生活感悟，明晰某些道理，而这些感悟、道理（结尾的“果”）从何（“因”）而来？答题时思维视界要笼罩全篇，尽量把“因”的数量找全。
答案各点组织要尽量按照原文顺序。
第二种：围绕标题关键词语进行内容概括。
第三种：文中作者的多种情感概括。
多种情感，指的是对不同的人、事、物而表现出的不同的情感，或是对同一人、事、物的前后情感变化。
主旨概括答题要点：①关注文题。
标题能提供阅读的线索。
（隐含了信息-----写作对象、重要内容等，甚至可以借此把握文章的主题。
）②抓住文尾的议论、抒情语句。
这些语句常常是结尾点题，明确主旨。
③在概括段意、整合层次的基础上，再高度概括层意，概括出主旨。
3、答题格式内容概括：一划分本文或段的层次，二提取要点词语，三整合答案。
主旨概况：本文通过记叙（描写）……，表现了……，表达了……，揭示了……主题。
高考真题在线一、【2018年天津市高考语文试题】阅读下面的文章，完成下面小题。
（6分）虹关何处落徽墨石红许在冬天，在春天……为了寻找一截久违的徽墨，我孑然一人蹀躞在在虹关【注】墨染了一样的旧弄堂里，闯进一栋又一栋装满了故事的深宅老院。
我安慰自己，哪怕是能遇见寸许徽墨，也心满意足。
行走在虹关，我一次又一次向墨的深处挺进，去追寻墨的风月身影。
婺源一文友善意地提醒我，虹关徽墨以及制作徽墨的人很难找了，你这样没有目的地寻找，不啻于白费心神徒劳无功。
我不甘心，相信在虹关的后人中一定还有人掌握了徽墨制作技艺，他们会告诉我很多关于徽墨的记忆。
欣慰的是，季节扯起的丹青屏风里，总有一棵需十余个大人合抱的千年古樟，华盖如伞，累了，就在树下坐一坐，仰望绵廷浙岭，聆听“吴楚分源”的回声。
高考语文一轮复习：文学类阅读散文阅读——概括内容主旨
题型点拨
(5)从分析写作背景入手 适当借助注解，调动自己的知识储备，尽可能多地了解事物、人物、活动的时 代背景，进而推断作者的写作意图。 2.规范表述 概括主旨题答案要使用恰当的语言表述形式。写人散文的表述形式：本文记叙 (描写)了……事迹，表现(反映、赞扬、揭露、批判)了……精神(性格、品质)。叙事 散文的表述形式：本文记叙了……事件(经过、故事)，阐明了……(道理)。抒情散文 以刻画景物、事物的本质特点，抒发情感为主，因此，其表述形式是本文描述 了……，抒发了……(思想感情)。
对点题型
1.简要概括荒岛的“身世”。
答案 (1)建成及赐名：康熙年间修建熙春园，道光把熙春园辟为两处，其一赐名近春 园，赐予皇四子咸丰。 (2)当时形制：近春园以荒岛为核心，仿淹城形制，延至方圆百亩。 (3)成为废墟过程：咸丰年间，第二次鸦片战争爆发，京城陷落，圆明园焚毁；慈禧重 修圆明园，就近拆掉近春园，运走可用之材；后重修计划成泡影，近春园被遗弃，沦 为废墟。 (4)新生：1913年荒岛划入清华。至1927年朱自清先生月下独赏之时，寂寞无主，黄昏 独愁。沉寂百年之后，清华师生赋予了其新生。
题型点拨
散文的精髓是情感。阅读散文，要善于悟情、察情、明情，去感受、把握作者 的情感。具体途径如下：
(1)找准行文线索。作者的情感往往附着于“物”线，有的干脆就是以情感为线 索，找出线索，往往能把脉情感走向。
(2)聚焦情感语言。散文中总有点明情感的词语和句子，要圈定和摘录出这些情 感语言，具体体会。
⑭1913年荒岛划入清华。至1927年朱自清先生月下独赏之时，虽然荷叶田田， 暗香缕缕，但“沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路”，“白天也少人走”。寂寞无 主，黄昏独愁。只在朦胧月色之下，斑驳树影之中，荷塘才摆脱凋敝，“像亭亭的 舞女的裙”，“出浴的美人”，撞入和撕扯人们的想象空间。
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