美国文学考试
美国文学考试
美国文学考试第一篇：美国文学考试美国文学考试题型1、填空题（这部分的重点老师带我们画过，由于比较散，不方便整理，请同寝室或隔壁寝室相互告知）-----大家记得人名，作品名称等一定不要写错了2、名词解释（共两题，每题5分）这一题大体有三种类型：文本、作者、理论大题要求（大家按点答题）文本类：①写明作者②该文本体现的理论特征③该文本的主要内容（2分）④该文本使用的主要文学技巧理论类：①该理论出现的时间②该理论的主张（2分）③写作风格④相关作家以及他的作品作者类：①写明哪个时期的作者②该作者的文学主张③写作风格④主要作品以及作品的主题下面是本学期我们学过的作家、理论以及作品（结合笔记以及结合相关资料整理的，不是老师说的标准答案哦，大家参考即可）理论---本学期三大主要理论①PuritanismPuritanism , appeared in the early part of the 17th century, is the practices and beliefs of Puritans.The American puritanism, like their English brothers , are idealists.They accept the doctrine and practice of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.But due to te grim struggle for living in the new continent, they become more and more practical.It is so much part of the national atmosphere rather than a set of tenetsIts influence on literatureAmerican literature had the characteristics of simplicity, plainness of rhetoric and indication to the Holy Bile代表作家Anne Bradstreet, Edward Taylor, Nathaniel Hawthorne(课本所选的代表作品)②transcendentalismAmerican transcendentalism is more than an attitude of Transcendentalist.T o “transcend” something is to rise above it, to pass beyond its limits.The transcendentalists speak for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.The major features of the American Transcendentalism are:A.They place emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the UniverseB.They stress the importance of individualsC.They offer a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of Spirit or God该理论出现的大致时间1836-the civil war代表作家--Ralph Waldo Emerson代表作品the American Scholar③naturalismAmerican naturalism accepted the more negative interpretation of Darwin’s evolution theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were regarded as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits were conditioned by social and economic forces.It emphasized that the world was amoral, the men and women had no free will.That lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of human was misery in life and oblivion in death.It was no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.Time: the mid-19th century---the first half of the 20th centuryNaturalism in literature:the product of despair.It had no attempt to make moral judgment.It offered detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modernsociety.代表任人物及作品Stephen Cranethe Open Boat作者（三个比较重要的）① Nathaniel Hawthorne浪漫主义时期（特别记住）作家He is a master of symbolismHe has an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart” of man’s beingHis understandi ng of “evil being at the core of human life” is deeply reflected in his works Young Goodman Brown是他的代表作，该作品体现的主题PURITANISMA.man’s depravityB.The original sin: a journey from innocence to evilC.PredestinationD.A struggle between to forces②Ralph Waldo Emerson浪漫主义时期作家He is a leading person of New England Transcendentalism which he regarded as an intuitive cognizance of moral and other truths that transcend the limits of human sense experience 代表作：The American Scholar主题：Transcendentalism大致内容：we American should stop imitating other counties in literature and we ought to create a way of our own.③Stephen Crane19世纪后半期---20世纪初，自然主义时期作家。
美国文学本科试题及答案
美国文学本科试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪部作品是马克·吐温的代表作？A. 《白鲸》B. 《了不起的盖茨比》C. 《汤姆·索亚历险记》D. 《老人与海》答案：C2. 爱德加·爱伦·坡的哪部作品被认为是哥特式小说的典范？A. 《红字》B. 《呼啸山庄》C. 《乌鸦》D. 《简·爱》答案：C3. 以下哪位作家被誉为“美国现代小说之父”？A. 亨利·詹姆斯B. 威廉·福克纳C. 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔D. 约翰·斯坦贝克答案：A4. 《愤怒的葡萄》是哪个作家的作品？A. 约翰·斯坦贝克B. 欧内斯特·海明威C. 威廉·福克纳D. 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德答案：A5. 《草叶集》是哪个诗人的代表作？A. 罗伯特·弗罗斯特B. 华尔特·惠特曼C. 艾米莉·狄金森D. 埃德加·爱伦·坡答案：B6. 以下哪部作品是威廉·福克纳的代表作？A. 《老人与海》B. 《喧哗与骚动》C. 《太阳照样升起》D. 《了不起的盖茨比》答案：B7. 《红字》的作者是谁？A. 纳撒尼尔·霍桑B. 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔C. 爱德加·爱伦·坡D. 马克·吐温答案：A8. 《了不起的盖茨比》的作者是谁？A. 威廉·福克纳B. 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德C. 约翰·斯坦贝克D. 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔答案：B9. 《白鲸》的作者是谁？A. 爱德加·爱伦·坡B. 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔C. 马克·吐温D. 纳撒尼尔·霍桑答案：B10. 《简·爱》的作者是谁？A. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特B. 艾米莉·勃朗特C. 乔治·艾略特D. 简·奥斯汀答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）11. 《汤姆·索亚历险记》中的主人公汤姆·索亚是一个__________的男孩。
单选题 美国文学
1. William Faulkner is the author of ______. Ba. Far From the Madding Crowdb. Sound and Furyc. For Whom the Bell Tollsd. Scarlet Letter2. Robert Frost is a famous_______. Ca. novelistb. playwrightc. poetd. literary critic3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ________. Da. Jack Londonb. Charles Dickensc. Samuel Coleridged. Earnest Hemingway4. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is______. Ba. Natureb. Waldenc. Experienced. Essays5. Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made a combination of_____and serious literature. Aa. American folk humorb. funny jokesc. English folklored. American values6. I Have a Dream is addressed by _____. Ca. Abraham Lincolnb. John F. Kennedyc. Martin Luther Kingd. Ralph Waldo Emerson7. The period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as the _______in the literary history of the United States. Aa. Age of Realismb. Age of Classicalismc. Age of Romanticismd. Age of Renaissance8. With “Collected Poems”, ______won the second Pulitzer Prize. Ca. Ezra Pondb. e. e. cummingsc. Robert Frostd. William Cullen Bryant9. Moby Dick is the most important work by ______. Ba. Jack Londonb. Herman Melvillec. Sinclair Lewisd. Ralph Ellison10. O. Henry earned his fame mainly for his ______. Ca. novelsb. poemsc. short storiesd. dramas11. ______ is NOT a novel of Francis Scott Fitzgerald. Ba. Tender Is the Nightb. Anna Christiec. The Beautiful and Dammedd. The Great Gatsby12. The 1954 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to ______for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”. Da. William Faulknerb. John Steinbeckc. Saul Bellowd. Earnest Hemingway13. Sister Carrie is a masterpiece of _______work. Da. romanticb. classicc. neo-classicd. naturalistic14. The Road Not Taken is a poem written by ______. Aa. Robert Frostb. Longfellowc. Ezra Pondd. Carl Sandburg15. T. S. Eliot’s most famous long poem is ______. Ca. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrockb. A Boy’s Willc. The Waste Landd. The Golden Bough16. Daisy Miller is a great work by _____. Aa. Henry Jamesb. Mark Twainc. Dreiserd. Stowe17. The black man Jim is a character in Mark Twain’s _______. Ba. The Adventures of Tom Sawyerb. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnc. Life on the Mississippid. The Prince and the Pauper18. The Grapes of Wrath is the masterpiece of ______. Aa. John Steinbeckb. John Cheeverc. John Updiked. John Dos Passos19. The image of the famous “henpecked husband” is created by_____. Aa. Washington Irvingb. Fennimore Cooperc. Edith Whartond. William Dean Howells20. _____was the most important person of the transcendental club. Ca. Hawthornb. Whitmanc. Emersond. Thoreau21．Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT_____. Aa. a strict poetic formb. a simple and conversational languagec. a free and natural rhythmic patternd. an easy flow of feelings22．The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around ______. A a. 1820 b. 1850c. 1880d. 192023．The publication of _______ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of the New England Transcendentalism. Aa. Natureb. Self-Reliancec. The Over-Sould. The American Scholar24．Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____. Aa. Ezra Poundb. Ralph Waldo Emersonc. Robert Frostd. Emily Dickinson25．______is NOT written by Edgar Allan Poe. Da. The Ravenb. Annabel Leec. The Fall of the House of Usherd. Song to Celia(C) 26. In addition to Nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson is also noted for his famous essay, ___, which has often been called the second American Declaration of Independence---a declaration of cultural independence for the United States.A. The DialB. The Divinity School AddressC. The American ScholarD. The Over-Soul(D) 27. Which of the following is NOT written by Nathaniel Hawthorne?A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LettersC. Young Goodman BrownD. Self-Reliance(A) 28. In his ___ and ___, Mark Twain shows his nostalgic recollections of his early boyhood.A. Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Gilded AgeC. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Gilded AgeD. Life on the Mississippi and The Gilded Age(C) 29. One of the differences between Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson is their intention of writing poems. Emily Dickinson wrote poems chiefly for ___.A. displaying her poetic talentB. expressing her view on public affairsC. psychological therapyD. wide reputation(C) 30. ___ by Theodore Dreiser is a story , tracing the material rise of an actress and the tragic decline of a man who used to give the actress indispensable help.A. An American TragedyB. Trilogy of DesireC. Sister CarrieD. Nigger Jeff(D) 31. Hemingway used Gertrude Stein's remark that "You are all a lost generation." as a motto in his novel________.A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. The Old Man and the SeaC. A Farewell to ArmsD. The Sun Also Rises(B) 32. In 1920, Fitzgerald's first novel _______ was published, which brought him, not only reputation, wealth but also Zelda, an embodiment of his romantic notions of a Southern Belle.A. The Great GatsbyB. This Side of ParadiseC. The Beautiful and DamnedD. Tender is the Night(C) 33. Ezra pound wrote 70 books of his own, and edited 70 books of other writers. His major work of poetry is _____, a long poem which he worked on over a long period of time , and which traces the rise and fall of eastern and western empires.A. Make It NewB. The ABC of ReadingC. The CantosD. In a Station of the Metro(A) 34. Which is of the following poems is NOT composed by Robert Frost?A. SuccessB. After Apple - PickingC. The Road Not TakenD. Mending Wall35. Mark Twain created, in____________, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature. AA. Huckleberry FinnB. Tom SawyerC. The Man That Corrupted HadleyburgD. The Gilded Age36. Choose the work NOT written by Mark Twain. DA. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. Innocents AbroadC. Life on the MississippiD. The Rise of Silas Lapham37. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century. CA. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism38. Ezra Pound' s long poem____________ contained more than one hundred poems loosely connected. BA. The Waste LandB. The CantosC. Don JuanD. Queen Mab39. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as ______. BA. The Roaring TwentiesB. The Jazz AgeC. The Dollar DecadeD. all of the above40. In Paris, Ernest Hemingway, along with _____________, accomplisheda revolution in literary style and language. DA. James JoyceB. Ezra PoundC. Thomas Stearns EliotD. all of the above41. __________ tells the Joad family's life from the time they were evicted from their farm in Oklahoma until their first winter in California. BA. Of Mice and MenB. The Grapes of WrathC. The Great GatsbyD. For Whom the Bell Tolls42. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ______43. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work46．Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and50. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes52. _____ is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main55. From Thoreau’s jail experience, came his famous essay, _____ which states his belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government. CA. WaldenB. NatureC. Civil DisobedienceD. Common Sense56. Most of the poems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-mass” and the1620 and arrived in the present Provincetown harbor on November 21 in the sameyear. This ship was named ____________. Ba. The Pilgrimsb. Mayflowerc. Americad. Titanic59. _________ was the first American writer to write entirely American literature. Ca. Anne Bradstreetb. Washington Irvingc. Mark Twaind. Ernest Hemingway60. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism. Ca. Benjamin Franklinb. Washington Irvingc. Ralph Waldo Emersond. Henry David Thoreau61._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism. Da. Washington Irvingb. Ralph Waldo Emersonc. Walt Whitmand. Edgar Allan Poe63. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer? Da. William Dean Howellsb. Mark Twainc. Ernest Hemingwayd.Theodore Dreiser64. Hemingway wrote about American compatriots in Europe whereas ________wrote about the Jazz age, life in American society. Da.William Carlos Williamsb. William Faulknerc. John Steinbeckd. F. Scott Fitzgerald65. Dreiser’s Tri logy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and_____ .A. The GeniusB. The TycoonC. The StoicD. The Giant66. The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American___________ .A. local colorismB. vernacularismC. modernismD. naturalism67. Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms -the sonnet, rhyming couplets, blank verse -with a clear American local speech rhythm, the speech of _______farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax.A. SouthernB. WesternC. New HampshireD. New England68. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include_________,symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. impressionismB. expressionismC. multiple points of viewD. first person point of view69. One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain a major literary figure in the 19th century America is his use of____________ .A. vernacularB. interior monologueC. point of viewD. photographic description70. It is on his____________ that Washington Irving’s fame mainly rested.A. childhood recollectionsB. sketches about his European toursC. early poetryD. tales about America71. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning ____________________.A. nature, man and the universeB. the relationship between man and womanC. the development of Romanticism in American literatureD. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism72. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is NOT right?A. It’s very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.B. It’s a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.C. It’s mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sinupon the main characters and the people in general.D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.73. The great sea adventure story Moby-Dick is usually considered____________.A. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe.B. an adventurous exploration into man’s relationship with natureC. a simple whaling tale or sea adventureD. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the artistic truth and beauty74. In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “____________________.”A. free verseB. blank verseC. alliterationD. end rhyming75. Which of the following is said of the American naturalism?A. They preferred to have their own region and people at the forefront of the stories.B. Their characteristic setting is usually an isolated town.C. Humans should be united because they had to adapt themselves to changing harshenvironment.D. Their characters were conceived more or less complex combinations of inheritedattributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.76. Which of the following is not right about Mark Twain’s style of language?A. His sentence structures are long, ungrammatical and difficult to read.B. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect.C. His humor is remarkable and characterized by puns, straight-faced exaggeration，repetition and anti-climax.D. His style of language had exerted rather deep influence on the contemporary writers.77. As a great innovator in American literature, Walt Whitman wrote his poetry in anunconventional style which is now called free verse, that is _________.A. lyrical poetry with chanting refrainsB. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme schemeC. poetry without rhymes at the end of the lines but with a fixed beatD. poetry in an irregular metric form and expressing noble feelings78. In his poetry, Robert Frost made the colloquial ______ speech into a poetic expression.A. EnglandB. New EnglandC. PlymouthD. Boston79. Which of the following statements is right about Robert Frost’s poetry?A. He combined traditional verse forms with the difficult and highly ornamental language.B. He combined traditional verse forms with the pastoral language of the Southern area.C. He combined traditional verse forms with a simple spoken language-the speech ofNew England farmers.D. He combined traditional verse forms with the experimental.80. Which of the following is not written by Ernest Hemingway, one of the best-known American authors of the 20th century?A. The Sun Also Rises.B. The Old Man and the Sea.C. Mosses From the Old Manse.D. The Green Hills of Africa.81. Which of the following is not a work of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s?A. The House of the Seven Gables.B. The Blithedale Romance.C. The Marble Faun.D.White Jacket.82. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as ______________.A. commentatorsB. observersC. villainsD. saviors83. Besides sketches, tales and essays, Washington Irving also published a book on ______, which is also considered an important part of his creative writing.A. poetic theoryB. French artC. history of New YorkD. life of George Washington84. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A. "Nature"B. "Self-Reliance"C. "Divinity School Address"D. "The American Scholar"85. Which of the following statements about writers in 1920s is true?A. Mark Twain published his last and most important novel.B. F. Scott Fitzgerald received the Nobel Prize.C. Freudian psychology influenced many modern writers.D. Most writers were politically radical.86. In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is_______________.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman87. The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision．”The Term “black vision” refers to______________.A. Hawthorne's observation that every man faces a black WallB. Hawthorne's belief that all men are by nature evilC. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his storyD. that Puritans of Hawthorne's time usually wore black clothes88. In__________, Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference.A. “After Apple-Picking”B. “The Road NOt Taken”C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”D. “Fire and Ice”89. The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the_______ in the American literary history．A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature90. Generally speaking，all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be_____.A. transcendentalistsB. optimistsC. pessimistsD. idealists91. American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were(a) “_______,” devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization．A. Lost GenerationB. Beat GenerationC. Sons of LibertyD. Angry Young Men92. Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely Characters in_______.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LetterC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The pioneers93. In his realistic fiction, Henry James's primary concern is to present the_________.A. inner life of human beingsB. American Civil War and its effectsC. life on the Mississippi RiverD. Calvinistic view of original Sin94. American Romanticism stretches from the end of the ________ century through the outbreak of ______.A. 18th, the Civil WarB. 18th, the War of IndependenceC. 19th, WWID. 19th, WWII95. _________ believes that the chief aim of literary creation is beauty, and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Edgar Allen PoeC. Anne BradstreetD. Ralph Waldo Emerson96. Which is generally regarded as the manifesto and the Bible of American Transcendentalism?A. Thoreau’s WaldenB.Emerson’s NatureC. Poe’s Poetic PrincipleD. Thoreau’s Nature97. Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. "Song of Myself"98. ‘Leaves of Grass’ commands great attention because of its uniqu ely poeticembodiment of________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and the American Civil War.A. the democratic idealsB. the romantic idealsC. the self-reliance spiritsD. the religious ideals99. ________is the author of the work “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler Yeats100. After "The Adventure of Tom Sawyer", Twain gives a literary independence to Tom’s buddy Huck in a book called_________, and the book from which "all modern American literature comes".A. Life on the Mississippi RiverB. The Gilded AgeC. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. The Sun Also Rises101. The greatest work written by Theodore Dreiser is__________.A. Sister CarrieB. An American TragedyC. The FinancierD. The Titan102. We can perhaps summarize that Walt Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except that they are _______________.A. conversational and crudeB. lyrical and well-structuredC. simple and rather crudeD. free-flowing103. Who exerts the single most important influence on literary naturalism, of which Theodore Dreiser and Jack London are among the best representative writers?A. FreudB. Darwin.C. W.D. Howells. D. Emerson104. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his ____.A. international themeB. waste-land imageryC. local colorD. symbolism105. In Henry James’ Daisy Miller, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of _______________.A. the force of conventionB. the free spirit of the New WorldC. the decline of aristocracyD. the corruption of the newly rich106. "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood / And sorry I could not travel both ..." In the above two lines of Robert Fros t’s The Road Not Taken, the poet, by implication, was referring to _______.A. a travel experienceB. a marriage decisionC. a middle-age crisisD. one’s course of life107. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is ____________.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-looking108. The Publication of ______established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Over-Soul。
美国文学考试重点
美国文学考试重点美国文学考试的重点可以分为以下几个方面：1. 早期美国文学：- 殖民时期文学：包括早期殖民地的日记、信件和宗教作品等，如《普利茅斯纪事》和《普罗维登斯计划》。
- 紧随其后的大量宗教文学作品，如《新英格兰的校训》。
- 托马斯·佩恩的《常识》：这本书在美国独立运动中起到了重要的作用。
2. 美国文学的形成与发展：- 19世纪初的浪漫主义文学：如华盛顿·欧文的《睡美人和其他故事》和詹姆斯·菲尼莫尔·库珀的《最后的莫西干人》。
- 华尔特·惠特曼的《草叶集》：这本诗集在美国文学史上具有重要地位。
- 女性作家：如哈丽特·比彻·斯托的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》和艾米莉·迪金森的诗歌作品。
3. 20世纪的美国文学：- 现代主义文学：如欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》和威廉·福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》。
- 战争文学：如约翰·史坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》和约瑟夫·海勒的《23个故事和一个司令》。
- 迈尔斯·杰克逊的《杀死一只知更鸟》：这是美国文学中一本重要的反种族主义作品。
4. 当代美国文学：- 现实主义：如托尼·莫里森的《亲爱的》和唐·德里罗的《百年孤独》。
- 同性恋与性别研究：如杰夫·艾斯特里奇的《中性国度》和艾美丽·P. 亨德森的《一个男小地方》。
此外，还需要了解美国文学的主要流派和文学理论，如现实主义、象征主义、后现代主义等，以及相关的文学批评方法。
最好的准备方式是广泛阅读美国经典文学作品并理解其背后的文化、历史和社会背景。
美国文学考试,10页轻松搞定
三、浪漫主义时期1800-1865
作家们强调文学的想象力和感情色彩，反对古典主义的形式与观点，歌颂大自然，崇尚个人和普通人的思想感情，并且寻根问祖，发幽古之思情。素材完全取自美国现实，如西部开发和拓荒经历。他们赞美美国山水，讴歌美国生活，反映美国人民的乐观与热情。
废奴文学：
爱默生，梭罗，惠蒂埃
影响最大的是斯托夫人harriet beecher stowe,《汤姆叔叔的小屋》uncle tom's cabin
四、现实主义文学1865-1918
乡土文学：朱厄特sarah orne jewett, 短篇小说集《迪普黑文》deephaven and other stories,长篇小说《尖枞树之乡》the country of pointed firs
爱默生ralph waldo emerson, <论自然>nature（被称为超验主义的圣经），《论自立》self reliance，对打破神学统治，摒弃请教教义，强调人的地位，确立民主思想和发展民族文化起了极大作用。
梭罗henry david thoreau,emerson的朋友和门徒。《沃尔登》walden。《论公民的不服从》civil disobedience,主张用和平斗争的方式反对战争和奴隶制，对甘地、马丁路德金起过积极影响。
詹姆斯，被称为心理分析小说家，他晦涩的文体、开放性结局和内心独白等手法大大影响了后世的现代派，尤其是意识流文学。他的作品属于世态小说novel of manners，代表作《一位女士的肖像》the portrait of a lady's,《鸽翼》the wings of the dove,《专使》the ambassadors, 《金碗》the golden bowl.
《美国文学》期末考试试卷（A卷）
《美国⽂学》期末考试试卷（A卷）适⽤班级060511-3 考试时间 120 分钟学院班级学号姓名Ⅰ. Choose TEN of the following works and write the names of the authors. (10%)1. Octopus ( )2. Maggie, A Girl of the Streets ( )3. Babbitt ( )4. White Fang ( )5. “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” ( )6. My Antonia ( )7. “Birches” ( )8. Poor Richard’s Almanac ( )9. Light in August ( )10. Twice Told Tales ( )11. The Declaration of Independence ( )12. “Rip Van Winkle ”( )13. Nature ( )14. The Song of Hiawatha ( )15. Uncle Tom ’s Cabin ( )16. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ( )17. Sister Carrie( )18. The Waste Land( )19. For Whom the Bell Tolls ( )20. The Emperor Jones ( )(10%)1._________________________was one of the founders of theJamestown colony in Virginia in 1607 and is known for his work describing the colonies.2.__________________________was a determined revolutionary whosework helped the cause of the American Revolution considerably, but who lost his popularity long before his death.3.The term refers to the group of people, some of themimportant to American literature (especially secular essay writing), who led the American Revolution and helped create the early American Republic.4.________________________was an early form of horror fiction thatoriginated in 18th century Europe and was very popular in America during the Romantic Period.5._____________________________, known for her deeply personalpoems and radically different poetic themes and form, didn’t achieve fame as a poet until long after her death.6.The first of American literature was not written by an American, but by___________________, a British captain, who thus became the first American writer.7. _________________ has been entitled the “Father of AmericanPoetry.8._______________________was the first great prose stylist ofAmerican romanticism, author of the first American short stories and familiar essays , the first American author to achieve international distinction, and has a significant position in the history of American literature.9._____________________is the first American professional writer andthe first writer of the detective story in the world.10._______________________is also called novel of the road, it stringsthe incidents on the line of the hero’s travel.Ⅲ. Choose only one answer form the four choices as themost appropriate answer. (30%)1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. When her poems were published in England, she became know as the “______” who appeared in America.A Ninth MuseB Tenth MuseC Best MuseD First Muse2. ______ is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language, characters and customs in regional literature.A purple proseB waste-land imageryC local colorD symbolism3. The first great flourishing of African American literature that appealed to a relatively large literate Black readership wasknown as_____.A The HolocaustB The Harlem RenaissanceC AbolitionismD The Civil Rights Movement4. _______ was a leading 19th century feminist and one of the core members of the Transcendentalist movement.A Margaret FullerB Sylvia PlathC Hilda DoolittleD Gloria Stein5. Which of the following is not typical of modern poetry?A gushing sentimentalism and comfortable imagesB abandonment of earlier verse formsC use of free verseD an effort to find and/or explore a new role for the poet in a changing world6. Who was perhaps the most popular of all 20th century American poets?A Ezra PoundB Walt WhitmanC Robert FrostD Allen Ginsburg7. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as_______.A The Jazz AgeB The Gilded AgeC The Roaring AgeD The Beat Age8. Which is true of the “Fireside Poets”?A They were generally strongly in favor of abolishing slavery.B They were deeply involved in the Transcendentalist movement.C They were a group of 19th century New England poets who weretremendously popular and respected at the time they wrote.D They opposed to tradition and were in favor of radical change.9. Ernest Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel ________.A The Old Man and the SeaB For Whom the Bell TollsC The Sun Also RisesD A Farewell to Arms10. The Brahmists or Boston Brahmi, in American literature, refers to _______.A The highest ranking of the Hindu castes.B A movement that emerged from rebellion against Puritan religious ideas and systems.C A group of New England writers known for their scholarship and/or conservative philosophy.D A school of imaginative writing.11. Which of the following is one of Ben Franklin’s famous proverbs?A “A stitch in time saves nine”B “God helps those who help themselves”C “A Friend in need is a friend indeed”D “Ask not who the bell tolls, the bell tolls for thee”12. ___________ was a reaction to the ideas of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment.A RomanticismB RealismC NaturalismD Modernism13. Although few of her poems were published in her lifetime and a complete collection of them didn’t appear until the 1950’s, _____ had a major impact on 20th century poetry.A Anne BradstreetB Gertrude SteinC Emily DickinsonD Amy Lowell14. Which of the following writers died a natural death in his old age?A Jack LondonB Ernest HemingwayC Stephen CraneD Mark Twain15. Who of the following is NOT a 20th century American poet?A Henry Wordsworth LongfellowB Amy LowellC Ezra PoundD Robert FrostIV. Choose TEN of the following and decide whether thestatements are true or false. (10%)1.Hawthorne was a firm believer in Puritan principles and mourned theirpassing in his works.2.Frederick Douglas was a major 19th century black writer.3.The sou nd of Whitman’s words casts a magic, romantic spell overreaders. His tone is awesome, sad and melancholy.4.Haiku, a form of traditional Japanese poetry, greatly influenced theImagist movement.5.Leaves of Grass is Whitman’s life work.6.Thanks in part to the efforts of Ezra Pound, Robert Frost was publishedin England and quickly became recognized as a major American poet. 7.In 1954, T. S. Eliot was awarded a Nobel Prize for his “mastery of theart of modern narration.”8.Hemingway believed that a man could find meaning in life by facing hisdeath with dignity and courage.9.Thomas Jefferson was famous for powerful, persuasive essays, such ashis pamphlet Common Sense, which persuaded many people to support the American Revolution.10.William Hill Brown’s The Power of Sympathy, written in 1789, is oftencalled “the first American novel”.11.The literary movement of American romanticism was generally dividedinto two stages: pre-romanticism and post-romanticism.12.Realists thought highly of individual status and role in the world. Theromanticists preferred the innate or intuitive perception by the heart of man. They thought that man was essentially of goodwill, only the civilized society made him degenerate. They pointed out, the means to uproot evils and to save mankind was habits, and to return to “natural primitive state”.13.The Scarlet Letter is called an economical novel because there are onlythree chief characters-or four if we include the child Pearl.14.President Lincoln praised Anne Bradstreet as “the little woman whowrote the book that made this great war.”15.Edgar Allan Poe wrote two poems both entitled “ To Helen”.16.Literary naturalism may be regarded as the new development of literaryrealism, and was sometimes called “pessimistic realism.”The naturalistic writers were philosophical pessimists.17.Hemingway, Pound, Cummings, Dos Passos, and Fitzgerald, belong tothe school of “Beat Generation”.18.F. Scott Fitzgerald is called the leader and poet laureate of the Jazz Agewho wrote the novels of the Jazz Age.19.Yoknapatawpha saga is a name for John Steinbeck’s novels.20.“Thanatopsis”is a word Bryant borrowed from Latin meaning“meditation on death”.the questions. (20%)Passage 1The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:1.Who is the writer of this poem? _______________(1%)2.What is the title of this poem? _______________(1%)3.What images in this poem suggest Haiku poetry and what images are“modern”? (2%)4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem?And what feeling and meaning does the poem express to you? (2%)Passage 2It was late and everyone had left the caféexcept an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the daytime the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference.Questions:1.This part is from the novel , written by .(2%)2.Why does the old man get drunk every night and why did he commitsuicide? (2%)3.What does the young waiter think of the old man and how does he treathim? (3%)Passage 3I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the es-sential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God.Questions:1.This passage is taken from a famous work entitled _________ . (1%)2.The author of the work is____________ . (1%)3.List by yourself at least five reasons that the author gives for going tolive in the woods. (5%)Passage 4But, on one side of the portal（⼊⼝），and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.Questions:1.This part is from the novel , written by .(2%)2.What does “the wild rose bush” symbolize according to your opinion?(5%)Passage 5It was many and many a year ago,In a kingdom by the sea,That a maiden there lived whom you may know.By the name of Annabel Lee; —And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.Questions:1.The stanza is taken from the poem________________?(1%)2.The author of the poem is____________ . (1%)3.What is the most obvious rhetorical device the author uses for effect?(4%)Passage 6Thou hast an house on high erect,Framed by that mighty Architect,With glory richly furnished,Stands permanent though this be fled.It’s purchased and paid for tooBy Him who hath enough to do.Questions:1.This stanza is taken from the poem__________________________by____________.(2%)2.What is one’s real house according to the poet? (5%)VI. Choose TWO of the following and Comment on them.(20%)1.Robert Frost' s The Road Not Taken.（10%）2.Eugene O' Neill’s Long Day's Journey into Night.（10%）3.Talk about Adgar Allan Poe's social outlook and writings （10%）/doc/76a448b9fd0a79563c1e726f.html ment on Hawthorne’s style. （10%）。
美国文学试题库
美国文学试题库
一、选择题
1. 下列哪位作家被誉为“美国短篇小说之父”？
A.马克·吐温
B.爱默生
C.莎士比亚
D.海明威
2. 著名小说《傲慢与偏见》的作者是？
A.查尔斯·狄更斯
B.简·奥斯汀
C.夏洛蒂·勃朗特
D.莫言
3. 哪位作家被称为“美国现代诗歌之母”？
A.西莉亚·普拉斯
B.艾米丽·狄金森
C.露易丝·格莱兹
D.玛丽·奥利弗
4. 林肯总统的“葬礼演说”是由哪位作家完成的？
A.埃德加·爱伦·坡
B.拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
C.赫尔曼·梅尔维尔
D.爱米莉·狄金森
5. 下列哪部作品是由海明威创作的？
A.《傲慢与偏见》
B.《老人与海》
C.《威尼斯商人》
D.《包法利夫人》
二、简答题
1. 请简要介绍一下美国文学的发展历程以及其代表作品。
2. 谈谈你对马克·吐温作品的理解以及他在美国文学史上的地位。
3. 分析简·奥斯汀小说《傲慢与偏见》中人物形象和情节发展。
4. 通过阅读爱默生的论文，你认为他对美国文学和文化的影响是什么？
5. 谈谈海明威的小说创作风格及其代表作品对世界文学的影响。
三、论述题
请结合你对美国文学史上的经典作品和作家进行深入分析，论述美国文学对世界文学的影响以及其独特之处。
美国文学期末考试练习题
美国文学练习题I. Multiple Choice1. The Puritan values did not include______.A. wastefulnessB. thriftC. pietyD. hard work2. The 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment, when ______was the dominantspirit.A. HumanismB. RationalismC. RomanticismD. Realism3. _____was the most leading spirit of the Transcendentalism.A. FranklinB. HawthorneC. PaineD. Emerson4. Moby Dick was written by_____A. Mark TwainB. ThoreauC. MelvilleD. Whitman4. Herman Melville’s ______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy,religion, etc., in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A. The Old Man and the SeaB. Moby DickC. White JacketD. Billy Budd5. “The Scarlet Letter” is characterized by its______.A. symbolismB. rationalismC. PlatonismD. classicism6. Huckleberry Finn is the masterpiece of________.A. Henry JamesB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Stephen Crane7. Which of the following novels is NOT written by Henry James?A. The Golden BowlB. The Portrait of a LadyC. Sister CarrieD. Daisy Miller8._____ is the founder of “Imagist” movement.A. Ezra PoundB. HemingwayC. Robert FrostD. Steinbeck9. Mark Twain’s works are characterized by _____.A. NaturalismB. TranscendentalismC. Local ColorismD. Imagism10. ________ is said to be the “father of American poetry”.A. T. S. EliotB. E. D. RobinsonC. Philip FreneauD. Theodore Dreiser11. The author of The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America is _______.A. Edward TaylorB. John CottonC. Roger WilliamsD. Anne Bradstreet12. Hawthorne is regarded as a _______.A. naturalistB. classicistC. realistD. romanticist13. Imagination plays the most important part in ________.A. realismB. romanticismC. naturalismD. classicism14. ______ is considered to be the masterpiece of John Steinbeck.A. Mending WallB. Dry SeptemberC. A Farewell to ArmsD. The Grapes of Wrath15. Uncle Tom in the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a(n) ______ .A. Negro slaveB. salesmanC. industrialistD. officer16. The Great Gatsby is the masterpiece of _____ .A. WhitmanB. FitzgeraldC. DickinsonD. Hemingway17. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was written by______.A. H.B. Stowe B. John SteinbeckC. HawthorneD. Mark Twain18. ______ does not belong to the lost generation.A. Theodore DreiserB. T. S. EliotC. FaulknerD. Hemingway19. ______ was well known for his story “Rip Van Winkle.”A. William Cullen BryantB. Washington IrvingC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Philip Freneau20. Farewell to Arms is the master pieced produced by______A. FaulknerB. MelvilleC. HemingwayD. Longfellow21. It was ______ who wrote the formal Declaration of Independence.A. Thomas JeffersonB. Benjamin FranklinC. George WashingtonD. Washington Irving22. The masterpiece of Hawthorne is _________.A. The Scarlet LetterB. Sister CarrieC. Richard CoryD. A Psalm of Life23. Eugene O’Neill is a _______.A. novelistB. poetC. puritanD. dramatist24. Hemingway’s style of writing is characterized by______.A. high-sounding wordsB. simple dictionC. complicated sentencesD. mix metaphor25. T. S. Eliot is not only a poet but also a ______.A. criticB. statesmanC. churchmanD. novelists26. Long Day’s Journey Into Night was written by _____.A. T. S. EliotB. Eugene O’NeillC. Stephen CraneD. Saul Bellow27. Theodore Dreiser showed the_____ tendency in his novels.A. PuritanismB. classicismC. romanticismD. naturalism28. Ralph Waldo Emerson was the leading figure of________.A. TranscendentalismB. RomanticismC. RationalismD. Naturalism29. The Sound and the Fury was the masterpiece of ______.A. Robert Lee FrostB. T. S. EliotC. William FaulknerD. John Steinbeck30. Emily Dickinson is an American________.A. dramatistB. novelistC. female poetD. male poet31. What Whitman is famous for his_________.A. Leaves of GrassB. Mending WallC. Richard CoryD. The Burial of the Dead32. The jazz age refers to the decade of _______.A. 1950’sB.1980’sC.1920’sD.1820’s33. “Rip Van Winkle” was written by_______.A. Philip FreneauB. Allan PoeC. Washington IrvingD. Thomas Jefferson34. “Song of Myself” is a ______written by Whitman.A. novelB. poemC. dramaD. essay35. The author of the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin is _____.A. Beecher StoweB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. O. Henry36. Mark Twain belongs to the literary school of_____.A. transcendentalismB. realismC. romanticismD. naturalism37. It was ____ who wrote the poem “The Road Not Taken.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Philip FreneauC. Robert FrostD. T. S. Eliot38. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes lessserious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more _______.A. rationalB. humorousC. optimisticD. pessimistic38. The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and theinfluence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American _______.A. local colorismB. vernacularismC. modernismD. naturalism39. ____________were idealists, believing the church should be restored to complete“purity” and dreaming that they would build the new land to an Eden on earth.A. CalvinistsB. PuritansC. RomanticistsD. Transcendentalists40. Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are Characters in _______.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LetterC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The Pioneers41. American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were(a) “ _______,” devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization．A. Lost GenerationB. Beat GenerationC. Sons of LibertyD. Angry Young Men42. In addition to his novels, _______ wrote about 120 short stories and sketches.Among them are Young Goodman Brown and The Minister’s Black Veil.A. Henry David ThoreauB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Herman Melville43. Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms—the sonnet, rhyming couplets,blank verse—with a clear American local speech rhythm, the speech of _______farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax.A. SouthernB. WesternC. New HampshireD. New England44. The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the _____in the American literary history.A. individual feelingsB. idea of survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature45. Cooper’s story of the “frontier saga” is made up of 5 famous novels that comprisethe ________, in which the main character is Natty Bumppo.A. Leather Stocking TalesB. The Deer SlayerC. Sea AdventureD. The Romantic46. From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experience came his famous essay, ______ whichstates Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.A. WaldenB. NatureC. Civil DisobedienceD. Common Sense47. Which of the following writers does NOT belong to the romantic group in Americanliterature?A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Henry David ThoreauC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman48. Emerson based his religion on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which hecalled ________.A. the SpiritB. the Over-lordC. the OversoulD. the Self49. ______ is a versatile man and one of his fellow Americans commented that “Hisshadow lies heavier than any other man’s on this young nation.”A. Benjamin FranklinB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas JeffersonD. Philip Freneau50. Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his ________.A. Poor Richard’s AlmanacB. AutobiographyC. Declaration of IndependenceD. American Crisis51. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they areendowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” These words are from ______.A. American CrisisB. U.S. ConstitutionC. Declaration of IndependenceD. Amendment to Constitution52. The American national anthem “The Star-Spangled Banner” was written by ______while the tune was borrowed from an English drinking song.A. Francis Scott KeyB. Francis BaconC. Walter ScottD. Jack London53. The desire for an escape form society and a return to nature became a permanentconvention of American literature, evident in ____.A. James Fenimore Cooper’s Leatherstocking TalesB. Henry David Thoreau’s WaldenC. Mark Twain’s Huckleberry FinnD. All of the above54. Writers of _______ thought to arouse in their readers a turbulent sense of the remote,the supernatural, and the terrifying by describing castles and landscapes illuminated by moonlight and haunted by specters.A. Gothic terror novelsB. naturalistic novelsC. realistic novelsD. modern novels55. Edgar Allan Poe is regarded as father of all except ______.A. detective storyB. modern short storyC. psychoanalytic criticismD. fantasy story56. All of the following Poe’s works except ______ are horror stories.A. The Fall of the House of UsherB. The Tell-Tale HeartC. The Black CatD. Murders in the Rue Morgue57. All of the following Poe’s works except ______ are detective stories.A. Murders in the Rue MorgueB. The Fall of the House of UsherC. The Purloined LetterD. The Gold Bug58. The words “To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much as his chamber as from society” are from ______.A. NatureB. WaldenC. Self-RelianceD. American Scholars59. The book of _______ was a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuitof a seemingly supernatural while whale.A. Moby DickB. White FangC. Billy BudD. Mardi60. Captain Ahab is a character in the novel of _______.A. Moby DickB. White FangC. Billy BudD. Mardi61. _______ first appeared in the United Stated in the literature of local color.A. RomanticismB. RealismC. SentimentalismD. Modernism62. ________ is a metaphysical theory that holds that all phenomena can be explainedmechanistically in terms of natural (as opposed to supernatural) causes and laws.A. RomanticismB. NaturalismC. SentimentalismD. Modernism63. All except ______ are representatives of realism.A. Henry JamesB. William Dean HowellsC. Mark TwainD. Herman Melville64. ________ was one of America’s first and foremost realists and humorists.A. Henry JamesB. William Dean HowellsC. Mark TwainD. Herman Melville65. _______ was the founder of American realism and the most prominent critic of theentire realistic period.A. Henry JamesB. William Dean HowellsC. Mark TwainD. Herman Melville66. ________ was an early psychological realist. He is often called one of the fathersof the psychological novel.A. Henry JamesB. William Dean HowellsC. Mark TwainD. Herman Melville67. ______ is the forerunner of the 20th century “steam-of-consciousness” novels andthe founder of psychological realism.A. Henry JamesB. William Dean HowellsC. Mark TwainD. Herman Melville68. Winesburg, Ohio is a collection of short stories written by ______.A. O. HenryB. Allan PoeC. Sherwood AndersonD. Anne Porter69. William Sidney Porter is the pen name of ______.A. O. HenryB. Mark TwainC. Henry JamesD. Theodore Dreiser70. Samuel Langhorne Clemens is the pen name of _______.A. O. HenryB. Mark TwainC. Henry JamesD. Theodore Dreiser71. All except _______ are short stories by O. Henry.A. The Gift of the MagiB. The Cop and the AnthemC. The Tell-tale HeartD. The Unfinished Room72. ______ has been called the “greatest of all American urban novels”, the protagonistof which is Caroline Meeber.A. Sister CarrieB. Vanity FairC. The GeniusD. Jennie Gerhardt73. Which of the following is NOT the works of Jack London?A. The Iron HeelB. The Sea-wolfC. The Wings of the DoveD. Marti Eden74. Allen Ginsberg is a representative writer of _________.A. The Lost GenerationB. The Beat GenerationC. Black HumorD. The Theatre of the Absurd75. A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by ________.A. Eugene O’NeillB. Tennessee WilliamsC. Edward AlbeeD. Arthur Miller76. Willy Lowman is a character in the play of _______.A. The CrucibleB. Death of a SalesmanC. Cat on a Hot Tin RoofD. The Hairy Ape77. Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?is a play written by _________.A. Eugene O’NeillB. Tennessee WilliamsC. Edward AlbeeD. Arthur Miller78. Daisy Buchanan and Nick Carraway are characters in _______.A. The Great GatsbyB. Tender Is the NightC. This Side of ParadiseD. The Last Tycoon79. The heroes of _______ often exhibit an ideal described as “grace under pressure.”A. Ernest HemingwayB. John SteinbeckC. William FaulknerD. F. Scott Fitzgerald80. Santiago is a character in Hemingway’s _______.A. The Sun Also RisesB. A Farewell to ArmsC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. The Old Man and the Sea81. All of the following are the features of Puritans EXCEPT _____.A. wanting to make pure their religious beliefs and practicesB. looking upon themselves as a chosen peopleC. tolerating others’ beliefs and sought for a happy and an easy lifeD. wishing to restore simplicity to church serves and emphasized the image of awrathful God82. ______ represents the most leading spirit of American Transcendentalism.A. EmersonB. FranklinC. Mark TwainD. Whitman83. Herman Melville’s ______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy,religion, etc., in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A. The Old Man and the SeaB. Moby DickC. White JacketD. Billy Budd84. The Portrait of a Lady is one of best novels of_________.A. Henry JamesB. John SteinbeckC. William FaulknerD. Walt Whitman85. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.” is atypical _____ poem by Ezra Pound.A. romanticB. lyricC. imagistD. narrativeII. MatchingGroup 11.Poor Richard’s Almanac A. Philip Freneau2.The Wild Honey Suckle B. Benjamin Franklin3.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow C. Edgar Allan Poe4.Annabel Lee D. Washington IrvingGroup 21.The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County A. Henry James2.The Four Million B. Jack London3.An American Tragedy C. O. Henry4.The Call of the Wild D. Mark TwainGroup 31.The Glass Menagerie A. Tennessee Williams2.The Emperor Jones B. Arthur Miller3.Death of a Salesman C. Edward Albee4.The Zoo Story D. Eugene O’NeillGroup 41.The Road Not Taken A. T. S. Eliot2.The Waste Land B. Ezra Pound3. A Pact C. Emily Dickenson4.I Died for Beauty—But Was Scarce D. Robert Frost III. Term Explanation1.American Enlightenment2.Transcendentalism3.New England literary renaissance4.Realism5.Modernism6.Local colorism7.Lost Generation8.Jazz Age9.Imagism10.Harlem Renaissance11.Beat generation12.Code heroIV Answer the following questions in English.1. Whose novel (or which novel) do you enjoy most? Why?2. What is the style of Hemingway’s novel?3. What do you know about modern American literature?4. What is the theme of The Great Gatsby?5. What are the symbols in The Great Gatsby?6. Which American writer do you like best? Why?7. What are the features of Emily Dickinson’s poems?8. What is your comment on Edgar Allan Poe?9. What is naturalism in literary creation?10. What is Puritanism? What role does it play in the colonial America? V. Comment on excerpts from the following works.1. Because I could not stop for Death2. The Wild Honey Suckle3. Annabel Lee4. The Road Not Taken5. The Fall of the House of Usher6. Moby Dick7. The Great Gatsby8. A Farewell to Arms。
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美国文学考试The CrucibleArthur Miller中三第2学期美国文学考试25分得了21分，值得高兴一下，下面是考试题和我的写作。
最后是关于The Crucible的中文介绍。
Answer the following question:Abigail has manipulated the situation leading to the mass hysteria in The Crucible to her personal advantage. To what extent would you agree that this is true? Remember to substantiate your views by referring closely to the text.I agree to a large extent that Abigail manipulated the situation leading to the mass hysteria to her personal advantage.As the mass hysteria breaks out in Salem, Abigail cannot shake off her involvement in the incident as Parris caught her with other girls dancing the the forest over a fire in Act I. Abigail and the girls would be accused of witchcraft as they were said to be communicating with the Devil in the woods. People started to talk about witchcraft and started to be hysterical as Betty and Ann fell sick and they thought these incidents that occur was likely to be associated with the Devil. Thus, due to the fact that Abigail had been caught dancing in the forest and would most likely be accused of witchcrast as the mass hysteria started to break out in Act I, Abigail had to manipulate the situation to save herself from trouble.Abigail started to shift the blame of witchcraft over to other people in the village. In order to save herself, she had to manipulate the situation by first showing that she had not been practicing witchcraft. Abigail manipulated the situation to her own advantage so she would not be accused of witchcraft. She first manipulated the fear of the villagers as people feared of being accused. People feared the dark side of the unknown as they did not know what caused Betty to fall sick and Putnam’s childrento die and they were unsure about what would happen in the future. People feared that they would be involved and the trouble that they might be in. Thus, she manipulated this fear of the people to her own advantage as she started to do in Act I. She started to accuse and push the blame of witchcraft to the other girls like Tituba so they in their fear, will defend themselves and then push the blame to others. In this way Abigail manipulated the fear of the people in the situation of the mass hysteria so she gained the personal advantage as she would be saved from being accused of witchcraft.Abigail also mani pulated the Puritan Society’s values to her own advantage. At first, she was accused, but she pushed the blame to others. As according to Puritan values, “Witchcraft is a serious crime that will lead to hang”, as people are afraid of death, they will try at all costs to protect theselves by accusing others of witchcraft. Thus, Abigail gained advantage from the Puritan’s values.As the play moved on, Abigail gained great advantage by her manipulation. She was now able to accuse of anyone and they will be questioned and jailed. This greatly empowered Abigail as compared to the past; she was just a servant girl. She had no power at all and was discriminated by the society. Now, she gained so much power and advantages that she could just simply point at anyone and that person, no matter what social status, would be in trouble and jailed. Thus, Abigail manipulated the people’s fear and the Puritan values to her own advantage. As she gained the ultimate power of accusing anyone at anytime and to also “write the law”. Therefore, Abigail gained great advantage by manipulating the situation.However, her advantages were not long-term. She only achieved power for a short period of time. As the play ends and the whole incident is brought to a close, People realized that this mass hysteria was just the people’s own fear and it was ridiculous to young girls like Abigail to gain power like this. The hangings are over and most people have seen that the whole witch trial was caused by Abigail’s fraud and she had to leave town and be a prostitute in Boston. Thus, she did not really benefit as shegained advantage only for a short period of time. She did save herself from accusation and death, but did not gain real advantage as the whole incident ended.激情年代(The Crucible)剧情：1692年，在马萨诸塞州的一个清教徒社群里，一群女孩被指控对男子施以巫术，在宗教团体和当局的严刑威逼下，女孩们不得不撒谎陷害无辜。
最终有19人以“施巫术”的罪名被送上绞架。
村里有个女孩艾比借此机会煽风点火诬陷无辜，村民约翰因与其有外遇而保持缄默，但当艾比的迫害降临到自己妻子头上，约翰才向法官说出这一切……而法官为了判定谁有罪而大伤脑筋的同时，小镇上人人自危，不惜一切以求自保……名剧作家亚瑟·米勒在五十年代写成舞台剧《严酷的考验》，以十七世纪在美国麻州沙林村发生的女巫事件影射麦卡锡主义的恐共疑云。
四十多年后由他亲自改编此剧搬上银幕，主题却转向女主角艾比的复仇行动。
剧情描述牧师的侄女为人狡滑，她利用村中女孩假装中邪的事件煽中点火，藉以铲除异己。