动名词复合结构VS分词独立主格结构
语法总结(顺口溜)适合小、初、高中学习者
宾语从句1. .基本用法宾语从句须注意，几点事项要牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that，一般疑问“是否”替。
特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。
客观真理永不变，时态还用现在时。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
还有几点要注意，人称指示时间地。
主句谓动“猜想”词，否定转移莫忘记。
2.直接引语变间接引语人称变更怎么办？一主二宾三不变。
若是自引自的话，听着不变称不变。
主句谓动也不同，陈述“告诉”疑问“问”。
祈使句变间引，去掉引号要加to。
一改主句谓动词，ask，order须记住；直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。
二变呼语为间宾，三在宾后加好to，四去please即完成。
3.宾语从句用虚拟语气的情况表示“建议，命令，请求，要求，意见，看法”的动词后边的宾从，用（should）+动词原形。
这样的动词有：“一、二、三、四”法。
即：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。
即:insist，order / command， advise/suggest/ propose，demand/require/request/ask。
注：当这类词不表示上述意思时，不用虚拟语气。
4.补充：（1）宾语从句后边有宾补时，要用it形式宾语结构，如He thought it a pity that hemissed the film.（2）which,if,that 引导的宾从不作介词宾语，但that 可以做“除……外”(即except,but,besides)的宾语.被动语态1. .基本用法被动语态强调“宾”，用 be加上“过去分”。
“be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。
“行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“by”来引。
原句若是双宾语，一变“主”来一保“宾”。
“间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。
“直宾”要把主语变，“间宾”前加“to”最称心。
动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别
动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别叶县高中李雁鸣在说明动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别之前让我们共同来看一道易出错的题。
______ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A . It was we being late B. It was our being lateC. It was we wer too late was because we were late由题干和选项可看出该题是含有It was ….that…的强调句式，被强调部分是句子的主语，所以先排除选项C和D ，那么如果知道动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别就能够得出正确答案B选项，our being late 是动名词复合结构作句子的主语，而A 选项中的we being late 是独立主格结构。
接下来我们就来看看动名词复合结构和独立主格结构的区别：动名词复合结构：动名词复合结构是由物主代词或名词所有格加上动名词构成，它们在逻辑上存在主谓关系，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语等等。
而在口语或非正式文体中，这种结构如不置于句首作主语，则可用人称代词的宾格代替物主代词，用名词的普通格代替所有格形式如：1）I can’t imagine his/him marrying her.我无法想象他与她结婚。
2）There is no question of Marry’s/Marry being able to do it well.玛丽能做好此事，这是毫无疑问的。
3）The student’s kowing English well helped him in learning French.这个学生良好的英语基础有助于他学习法语。
4）Her being ill made us worried.她生病了使我们很担心。
5）Do you mind my/me opening the door你介意我打开门吗独立主格结构：独立主格结构是由逻辑主语（名词或代词主格）加上分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语、名词等构成的语法结构。
英语得四大复合结构
英语得四大复合结构英语得复合结构由两个部分组成:一个部分表示人或者物,另一个部分表示动作或者状态。
两个部分之间存在逻辑上得主谓关系,就就是第一部分得人或物就是第二部分动作得执行者或承受者,或者,第二部分所表示得状态就就是第一部分所表示得人或物所处得状态。
例如: We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to municate in the work of a foreign affairs official、(英语必不可少)With stepping stones along the road, you don’t have to walk in the mud、(沿路得就是石头) 1.动词不定式得复合机构:for sb to do sthPlease find some work for the children to do、(孩子们做工作)The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)2.动名词得复合结构:sb’s / sb doing sth动名词得复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动名词Do you mind my leaving now?I had not heart of your being ill、形容词性物主代词:指得就是可以修饰名词得物主代词:your my her his its their补充:名词性物主代词:指得就是充当名词成分得物主代词如mine yours hers his its theirs②名词’s +动名词Jack’s not getting to the station on time made all of us angryDo you mind Jack’s leaving now?I insisted Mary’s going there、③代词+动名词Do you mind me leaving now?In fact, I think it’s very much nicer without him, if you don’t mind me saying so④名词+动名词Do you mind Jack leaving now?动名词得复合结构可在句中作主语、宾语。
考研英语一的翻译技巧总结
考研英语一的翻译技巧总结考研英语一的翻译技巧总结我们在进行考研一的复习时，在翻译上我们要找到一些技巧，才能更好的提高复习效率。
店铺为大家精心准备了考研英语一的翻译指南，欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语一学会辨认语法成分翻译考研英语翻译的复习方法要分英语一和英语二来分别讨论，因为英语一和英语二的差别明显，并且翻译考察的侧重点不一样，所以我们要分开讨论。
首先来谈论英语一翻译的复习方法。
英语一翻译，考生应该注意两点，一是英语一的翻译主要是修饰成分多的长难句，二是复习英语一带来的额外福利。
英语一翻译的分值为十分，这十分对于考研英语整体来说也意义重大，并且，翻译带来的福利较大。
那么，带来的福利是呢?首先是长难句的收获。
学会辨认语法成分有利于剖析分解长难句，从而分出主干和装饰成分，而长难句的分析无论是对于阅读理解还是对题型都是解题的关键。
其次是词汇的学习。
词汇的学习贯穿考研英语的始终，而翻译则是考察灵活运用词汇意义的重要部分，通过复习翻译，考生可以检测自身词汇学习成果，还可以更加灵活和熟练地掌握词汇。
所以，考生在复习英语一翻译中，不单单可以运用翻译方法，还可以在翻译中加深自己对长难句和词汇的理解和认识。
下面用2017年的49题来举例说明：2017-(49) The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to the UK’s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.要翻译这个题，首先我们要先分析这个长难句的语法成分。
首先，identified by David Graddol做定语修饰the changes，再次，all present clear and major challenges to 做的是谓语动词，并且clear 和major 是并列形容词，然后，the UK’s providers of English language 是of 介词短语结构，做的是前面介词to的宾语，teachingto people of other countries 做的是定语修饰前面的of介词短语the UK’s providers of English language，而to broader education business sectors和to people of other countries是并列结构，做的都是teaching的宾语。
独立主格结构
独立主格结构Absolute Structure（Independent Genitive）一、概念：“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式：独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成：第一部分有名词或代词担任，第二部分由1分词、2动词不定式、3形容词、4副词、5名词或介词短语担任。
按其结构形式分为：—ing 分词独立主格结构；—ed分词独立主格结构；无动词独立主格结构等。
名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
2.名词(代词)+过去分词He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company.他下周去参加一个会议，所有费用由他的公司支付。
We divided the money, he to have half of them .4. 名词(代词)+形容词Computers very small, we can use them widely.电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。
5. 名词(代词)+副词The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。
动名词复合结构与独立主格结构
动名词复合结构与独立主格结构崔长平河南遂平一高（463100）①动名词复合结构的一般构成：1）名词的所有格形式＋动名词（或动名词短语）2）形容词性的物主代词＋动名词（或动名词短语）如不置于句首时，可以使用：名词＋动名词（或动名词短语）或者宾格代词＋动名词（或动名词短语）动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语等。
它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行者。
Would you mind my/me closing the window? (比较：Would you mind closing the window?) Bob′s being absent made his teacher very angry.No one will dream of there being such a famous place in the world.Her having lost the keys made Mary very disappointed.②独立主格结构具体构成形式如下：⑴名词或主格代词＋现在分词（或现在分词短语）等的变化，要结合具体句意，使用不同的形式。
）e.g. Spring coming on，the trees turned green. It being Sunday，the library was closed.There being no buses，we had to walk home.（there being 是there be 句型的独立主格结构。
） Our work （having been） finished，we went home hurriedly.The key （having been ）lost，she could not enter the room.Weather permitting，we will go picnicking by the waterfall.It being fine，we will go climbing in the afternoon.Time permitting，we will go for an outing.⑵名词或主格代词＋过去分词（或过去分词短语）（独立主格结构中呈现逻辑上的被动的主谓关系。
不定式分词独立主格结构用法之区别
不定式、动名词、分词、独立主格结构用法之区别总述：分词短语作定语时,相当一个定语从句;单个现在分词作定语,常前置;单个过去分词常后置,表一次具体动作;而前置表通常状况。
非谓语的否定式是把not置于非谓语动词前。
分词短语作状语时,相当于各种状语从句,即各种状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,去掉连词和从句主语, 把谓语动词改为非谓语形式;当从句主语与主句主语不同时,则主语不能去掉,即变成独立主格结构, 但不能作定语和补语。
不定式表示(过去或将来)具体某一次动作,强调全过程;或表示将要发生的动作。
不定式表示一般状况与动名词用法相同。
不定式还可做目的状语和结果状语。
单个动名词做主语,谓语用单数;做表语时, 表示主语的性质或具体内容。
一、不定式1、to+动原, 叫做不定式,与动名词、分词一起叫做非谓语形式。
其复合结构也一样;作使役、感观V宾补时,不带to;而当这些动词变成被动语态时要加上to。
省to :(1)help sb / sth (to)动原、don’t dare (to)+动原、prefer to +动原+rather than+(to)动原、do sth but / except (to)+动原, (2)what引导主语从句, everything / all / the bes t 所带定语从句关系代词作do的宾语,则作表语的不定式to可省; (3)and并列多个不定式,第一个以后to可省。
※too + adj / adv+ to动原；adj / adv + enough to +动原；manage / fail to do appeal to sb/sth to do approve of sb/sth to do only to do 不表将要做某事arrange for sb/sth to do demand of sb/sth to do 感观动词+sb/sth do○1I saw her walk across the square and go into a lane. ○2Set a thief to catch a thief.→She was seen to walk across the square and go into a lane.○3She is too young to go to school.○4I often heard him sing in the next room. ○5It’s a pleasure to manaage to get here.○6What / All I want to do is (to) help you with your study. ○7He is old enough to join the army.○8Would you be so kind as to help me with my English study? ○9To see is to believe. or Seeing is believing.○10It’s (of) no use regretting / to regret what has been done. ○11It’s worthwhile writing/to write it all out again. ○12To err is human, to forgive is divine.犯错是凡人,宽恕是圣人.○13Simon had no choice but to work hard then.○14Despite a heavy snow, the children are still looking forward to (not cancel) the outdoor activity at the weekend.○15My job is (water)all the flowers in the garden.○16I’m pleased to see you here. ○17The best that you can do is (manage) the stress in the day to minimize its impact on your health.2、(un)important, dangerous, terrible, (un)fit, surprising, (im)possible, easy, hard/ difficult, light / heavy,nice / beautiful, interesting, pleasant, expensive, weak等作表语时,不定式作条件、结果状语,用主动表示被动, 表明说话人对不定式动作看法或建议。
动名词复合结构与独立主格结构
2).人称代词宾格 / 名词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语: I`m sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I don’t mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking.
独立主格结构的形式： （1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语 The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following. （2）名词 / 代词 + -ed分词及其短语 Good-bye said, we went home. All things considered, it is a good plan. （3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语
Hale Waihona Puke Practice: 1. ______to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike comes D. Mike’s coming 2. It’s no use _______ that you didn’t know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend
The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming. Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated. （4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语 The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. （5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语
英语作文有关非谓语动词3种错误写法
英语作文有关非谓语动词3种错误写法英语作文有关非谓语动词3种错误写法摘要：非谓语动词包括动名词、动词不定式和分词结构。
它们的使用，能够极大地丰富句式，避免单一的结构重复出现，以免作文显得过于单调，也能使句式更为精炼和简洁。
很多考生随着英语水平的提高，在作文中采用非谓语动词的表达形式的频率也越来越高，但是在使用过程中却出现了一些错误的写法。
下面给大家列举出很多考生在使用非谓语动词写作时常常出现的三种不恰当的写法，在平时的练习时要注意规避！(一)动名词复合结构主谓一致错误单个动名词短语作主语，谓语应该用单数形式。
尤其当动名词本身有名词作宾语时，大家一定要注意切不可把该名词的`单复数和谓语的单复数混为一谈。
例：买衣服通常是一项耗时间的工作，因为一个人喜欢的衣服未必适合她/他自己。
[误]Buying clothes are often a time-consuming job because the clothes that a person likes are not necessarily the ones that fit him or her。
[正]Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because the clothes that a person likes are not necessarily the ones that fit him or her。
[分析]该句话的主语是动名词复合结构“buying clothes”，单个动名词短语作主语，谓语应该用单数形式。
(二)独立主格结构分词形式使用错误独立主格结构中都带有相应的逻辑主语，分词的选择需要把握清楚分词和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。
例：随着独生子女家庭成为主要的家庭形式，父母试图给孩子一种近乎完美的保护。
[误]With one-child family been the dominant pattern ofhousehold，parents attempt to give a perfect shelter to their children。
复合结构
复合结构一．定义结构二．不定式的复合结构三．动名词的复合结构四．独立主格五．复合宾语with的复合结构【大展身手】动名词复合结构：1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attendB.The president to attendC.The president attendedD.The president’s attending2.The discovery of new evidence led to_____.A.the thief having caughtB.catch the thiefC.the thief being caughtD.the thief to be caught3.I can hardly imagine Peter_____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailingD.to have sailed4._____as the most excellent student in her university,as most classmates had expected,made her parents very happy.A.Mary was chosenB.Mary chosenC.Mary being c hosenD.Mary’s being chosen5.I would appreciate____back this afternoon.A.you to callB.you callC.your callingD.you’re calling6.How about the two of us____a walk down the garden?A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be takingKeys：1-5 DCCDC 6-10 Bwith复合结构：1.The murder was brought in,with his hands_____behind his back.A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to be tiedD.tied2.With a lot of problems_____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD. Being settled3.I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise_____.A.goingB.goes onC.went onD. to go onKeys：1-5 DCA复合宾语：1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year.A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out2.The missing boy was last seen_____near the East Lake.A,playing B.play C.played D.to playws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____.A.worriedB.to worryC.worryingD.worry4.You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it____often enough.A.explainingB.to explainC.explainD.explainedKeys：1-5 CAAD独立主格：1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_____in a year.A.followsB.followedC.to followD.being followed2.With so many eyes_____on him,he was too nervous to speak.A.to fixB.fixingC.fixedD.being fixed3._____the light off,we could not go on with the work.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because4._____so short a time left before the deadline,I feel it impossible to get the work finished on time.A.WithB.AsC.ForD.SinceKeys：1-5 CBCA。
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1. 名词（代词） + 现在分词： The clock striking twelve, I went to bed.
2. 名词（代词） + 过去分词： Enough time given, she will do the job better.
3. 名词（代词） + 不定式： Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to
b 作宾语时，可以用： 名词/人称代词宾格+动名词
也可以用：名词所有格/物主代词+动名词 如：
1. I don't mind Mary being late here.
2. In fact, I think it’s very much nicer without him, if you don’t mind me saying so.
动名词的复合结构 VS
独立主格结构
一. 动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构在句中主要用作主语和宾 语
动名词的形式： a. 作主语时，用名词所有格/物主代词+动名词，
如：
1. Mary's being late for class made her
teacher very angry. 2. Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
独立主格结构
7. Have you heard of my sister’s winning the contest?
动名词复合结构
8. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
独立主格结构
4. The rain having stopped, he went out for a
walk. 独立主格结构
5. His coming home late worries his mother.
动名词复合结构
6. There being no buses, I had to walk home.
come out next month. 4. 名词（代词） + 形容词短语：
I saw a deep pond, the water blue like the sky. 5. 名词（代词） + 介词短语：
Child in arms, the woman stood there chatting. 6. 名词（代词） + 副词短语：
3. The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.
二. 独立主格结构
当分词短语作状语时，它的逻 辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时 分词短语带有自己的主语,它们之间 存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，这个逻 辑上的主语一般是由名词担任，放 在分词短语之前，我们称这种结构 为独立主格结构。
a) 独立主格结构的功能
独立主格结构是用于修饰整个句子， 在句中作状语，常常表示 “时间、条 件、原因、伴随” 等含义。其位置也 较灵活，可以位于句首，也可以位于 句末。
b) 独立主格结构的形式：
1. 名词（代词） + 现在分词； 2. 名词（代词） + 过去分词； 3. 名词（代词） + 不定式； 4. 名词（代词） + 形容词短语； 5. 名词（代词） + 介词短语； 6. 名词（代词） + 副词短语； 7. 名词（代词） + 名词短语.
Summer over, the students returned to school. 7. 名词（代词） + 名词短语：
His first shot a failure, Tom fired again.
三. 总 结
动名词复合结构与独立主格 结构的区别在于：动名词复合 结构在句子中充当主语或宾语； 而独立主格结构在句子中充当 状语（表示时间、条件、原因、 伴随等）
1. I knew nothing about the window being open.
动名词复合结构
2. Winter coming, it gets colder and remember him giving me that book.
动名词复合结构