分词独立主格with复合结构doing
高中英语语法——独立主格结构和with复合结构
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children(=andmany of themwerechildren).
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
The boywentto the classroom,book in hand(=and a book was in his hand).那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
二．with复合结构
with复合结构也是一种独立主格结构，用法同独立主格结构。主要有以下两种情况：
1.with+名词(代词)+分词/不定式
More time given (=If more time is given),we will do it better.如果多给些时间，我们会做得更好。
Homework（having been）finished（=After homework had been finished）,the boy went out to play.做完作业后，这个男孩出去玩了。
He fell asleep with the windows open.他开着窗睡觉。
He came into the room,withhisdog out.他回到了房子里，他的狗在外面。
Ha large book under hisarm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。
独立主格结构主要有以下两种情况：
1.名词(代词)+分词/不定式
（分词、不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，如果不一致时，则分词、不定式需要带有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。此结构在句中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语从句的作用。）
高一英语独立主格结构with的复合结构试题答案及解析
高一英语独立主格结构with的复合结构试题答案及解析1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work______, he gladly accepted it. A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finishing【答案】A【解析】句意John接到一张宴会的邀请，他的工作已经完成，他高兴地接受了。
这里含有with复合结构，动作finish与his work之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，选A。
【考点】考查with复合结构,X,K]2. With all the things he needed _______, he went home happily.A．bought B．buying C．to be bought D．to buy【答案】A【解析】句意：因为他需要的所有东西都买了，他高兴的回家了。
这里用with+宾语+宾语补足语，宾语是all the things，he needed是定语从句修饰things，things和buy是被动关系，而且因为是买好了，所以用过去分词bought表示动词的完成和被动，选A。
【考点】考查with复合结构3. .With so many things ______ my mind, it took a long time before I I fell asleep.A.fillingB. filledC. to fill D being filled【答案】A【解析】考查with复合结构。
此类题首先判断things 与fill之间的关系，主动用dong ,被动关系用done ，根据题意，因为大脑中充满很多事情，所以花了我好长时间才睡着。
故选 A项。
考点 with 复合结构。
4.With a lot of homework _________, Tom didn’t go to the movies with his father.A．finished B．to finish C．finishing D．being finished【答案】B【解析】考查with复合结构：句意：因为有很多作业要做，汤姆没有和爸爸去看电影。
With 的复合结构
With 的复合结构With 的复合结构是指：with + 宾语（名词或代词）+ 宾补（介词短语，形容词，副词现在分词，过去分词，不定式）,是一个独立主格结构，在句中做状语，可表原因，伴随等。
有下列几种情况：1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
例如:1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。
（原因状语）2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。
（伴随情况）2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如:1)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
（伴随情况）2)She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
（原因状语）3.with+名词(或代词)+形容词例如:1)I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。
（伴随情况）2)With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。
（原因状语）4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语例如:1)With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。
with复合结构和独立主格结构
独立主格结构和with / without复合结构1.概念:独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。
2.结构: 名词/代词+ 非谓语（doing & todo & done 形容词&副词介词短语Taking your age into consideration, y ou’d better not go hiking.Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hik ing.(Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。
1.________________, they left the meeting– room.（问题解决了）（settle）2.____________ , we`ll go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit)3.He was lying on the grass, __________________________(他的手交叉在手下) (cross)(Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词1._________________, he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)2. He entered the house, ___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红)(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词He put on his socks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed2.__________________________ (最后一个人的到来)，our party will start.（arrive）（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。
with引导的独立主格的用法
with引导的独立主格的用法with引导的独立主格结构（absolute phrase）是一种特殊的从句结构，用来修饰整个句子的主语或动词动作的状况。
该结构通常由介词with、现在分词或过去分词构成，形成一个独立的结构，与句子的主语或动词无直接的句法关系，但在意义上与句子整体紧密相关。
本文将介绍with引导的独立主格用法及其相关示例。
一、with引导的独立主格用法：1. 在with引导的独立主格结构中，动词一般采用现在分词（-ing形式）或过去分词（-ed形式）。
2. 独立主格结构常常用来表达时间、原因、方式、条件等状况。
二、with引导的独立主格结构的示例：1. 时间状况：- With the sun setting in the distance, we decided to end our hiking trip.（夕阳西下，我们决定结束我们的徒步旅行。
）- With winter approaching, she started to buy warm clothes for her children.（随着冬天的临近，她开始给孩子买暖和的衣服。
）2. 原因状况：- With everyone's support, we were able to complete the project successfully.（在大家的支持下，我们能够成功地完成这个项目。
）- With her brother's encouragement, she decided to pursue her dream of becoming a doctor.（在她兄弟的鼓励下，她决定追求成为一名医生的梦想。
）3. 方式状况：- With great care, the teacher explained the difficult concept to the students.（老师非常用心地向学生解释了这个难懂的概念。
独立主格结构与with复合结构
4._____ time going by , Einstein’s theory proved _______ .
•
A. As; correct
C. With; correct
B. With; corrected D. As; being correct
5.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back.
① With the boy to lead the way, we are sure we’ll be there on time.
有男孩带路，我们有把握会准时到那儿。（表示原因）
② The classroom is very bight with all the lights turned on.
B. setting
C. has set
D. was set
2.She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down C. with tears rolled down
B. tears rolled down D. tears rolling down
表示存在时用“There being +名词（代词）”的结构
There being no buses, they walked to the theatre .
It being +名词（代词）
由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 It being holiday, all the shops were shut.
With的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构
With 的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构with 的复合宾语结构是高考的一个重点；分词的独立主格结构不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，该结构放在句首或句尾。
两者的语法功能和结构是相同的。
即两者在句中作状语，独立主格结构前加with 就构成了with的复合宾语结构。
㈠with 的复合宾语结构1.With+名词或代词+v-ingWith the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. <伴随状语>=While____________________________________________________.With Peter working in Birmingham and Lucy travelling most of the week, the house seems pretty empty. <原因状语>=Because _________________________________________________.With time going on, our life is becoming more beautiful. <时间状语>= As______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上主谓关系，即主动关系。
2. With+名词或代词+v-edWith the decision made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.=After ___________________________________________________.With the job finished, we went home straight away.=Because___________________________________________________.With more time given, I’ll explain this item in detail.=If _______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上动宾关系，即被动关系。
with独立主格8种基本句型
with独立主格8种基本句型With独立主格是英语中常用的一种表达方式，它可以在句子中用来强调某个状况或者陈述一个条件。
在英语中，有8种基本的With 独立主格句型，它们分别是：1. With + 名词 + 形容词/副词例如：With his eyes closed, he enjoyed the music.2. With + 名词 + 现在分词例如：With the children playing nearby, it was difficult to concentrate.3. With + 名词 + 过去分词例如：With the cake baked, she began to frost it.4. With + 名词 + to不定式例如：With the deadline approaching, he worked extra hours to finish the project.5. With + 名词 + doing动名词例如：With the sun shining brightly, they decided to go fora walk.6. With + 名词 + 不定式完成时例如：With the work having been finished, she took a break.7. With + 名词 + 从句例如：With the knowledge that she had gained, she felt confident to take the exam.8. With + 名词 + 介词短语例如：With his hand on her shoulder, he reassured her that everything would be alright.这8种With独立主格句型在英语中使用非常广泛，可以用来表达各种不同的情境和意思。
学会运用它们，能够让我们的英语表达更加地流畅自然。
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状语
不定式（to do） ● 过去分词（done）
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非谓语动词可以做哪些句子成分？
成分 类别
主 语
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宾 语
√ √
表 语
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定 语
√ √ √
状 语
√ √ √
补 语
√ √ √
doing to do done
非谓语动词的时态和语态形式(以make为例)
语态与意义形 式与用法类别
非谓语动词有哪些形式？
时间 状态 主被动
to do
动词不定式 动名词
‘将来’ 一般 主动
doing
现在分词
‘现在’ 进行 主动
分词
done
过去分词
‘过去’ 完成 被动
非谓语动词可以做哪些句子成分？
宾语 主 定 所能充当的成分 表语 宾语 （主语） 语 语 补足语 动名词 ● V-ing 形式 现在分词 ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
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3）With nothing _______ to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out. A. leaving B. left C. leave D. to leave
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4）The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes _______ on the wall. A. fixing B. fixed C. to be fixing D. to be fixed
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如果分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致， 则在分词结构前加逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主格。
• Class being over,the childen went home. • Nobody being in the room,I didn`t go in. • All the guests having arrived,the meeting was decleared open. • He went into the front door,his son following him.
(not) to be making
(not) to have made
进行式
完成式
现在分词作状语
1、逻辑主语和主句主语一致。 （不一致则要用独立主格或with复合结构） 分词 +‥‥‥,主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥. 2、时间、原因或条件，主句前；（不绝对） 分词+‥‥‥,主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥. 3、方式，伴随或结果，主句后；（不绝对） 主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥，分词 +‥‥‥. 4、同时发生，一般时； Doing +‥‥‥, 主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥. 5、明显在前，用完成时。 Having done+‥‥‥,主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥.
动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主 语与主句的主语保持一致。
Choose the correct sentences.
1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it. 3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.
形 式
主动语态 被动语态
Ving
一般式 完成式
(not) making
(not) having made
(not) being made (not) having been made
(not) to be made nothing (not) to have been made
一般式
to do
(not) to make
独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing
（1） _______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. Being B. There being C. It being D. Having been 2、逻辑主语+V-ed （2）_________, the train started. A. The signal given B. Giving the signal C. The signal being given D. The signal giving 3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） （3）_____, the patient can leave the hospital. A. Better conditions B. Conditions better C. Conditions are better D. Being better conditions （4） ______, we’d like to go outing. A. If Sunday is OK B. Sunday being OK C. Sunday OK D. A,B and C
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1.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest. A. When you are praised B. Praised C. When praised D. all the above
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2._____a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside. A. It being B. Being C. It was D. all the above
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一、“with复合结构”的构成
with + 宾语 +
形容词 副词 名词 介词短语 v-ing 主动、进行 v-ed 被动、完成 to do 将要发生
1.with + 宾语 + 现在分词 （主谓关系） With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. 随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。 With the teacher standing beside， she felt a bit uneasy . 老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。
2.with + 宾语 + 过去分词 （动宾关系） With the work done, she felt greatly relieved. 工作完成了，她大大地松了一口气。 With his hair cut, he looks much younger.
理了头发，他显得年轻多了。
3.with + 宾语 + 不定式 （将要发生） With her to go with us, we're sure to have a pleasant journey. 有她和我们一起去，我们的旅途一定会很愉 快。 With Mr. Smith to teach them English next term, they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语 会大有提高。