With 引导的独立主格结构
with的复合结构和独立主格结构

1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如:. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫,颈部敞开,露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。
比如:She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头,跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在,多没劲儿呀!3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如:He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。
比如:With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了,该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了,(可)灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如:He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了,怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如: With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做,我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉,有这么多盘子要洗,我不能出去。
with引导的独立主格结构

在 句 子 中只作状 语 , 但 是可 以表 示伴 随 、 方式、 原因、 结果等 各种 复 杂 的情
况 。现 将w i t h  ̄ I 导 的独 立 主格 结构 加 以小结 。
一
、
句 法结 构
结 构一 : w i t h+ 名 词( 代 词) + 介词短 语 例句: He s a t t h e r e t h i n k i n g , w i t h h i s c h i n o n h i s h a n d . 他 手 托下 巴, 坐 在
的皇 帝一丝 不挂地 行进 在游行 队伍 中 。
T h e n a u g h t y b o y s t o o d b e f o r e h i s t e a c h e r w i t h h i s h e a d d o w n . 这 个 淘 气
的男孩 低着 头站在 老师 面前 。 He p u t o n h i s s o c k s w i t h t h e w r o n g s i d e o u t . 他 把袜 子穿 反 了。
结构四: t h+ 名词( 代词) + 名词
例句 : S h e u s e d t o s i t r e a d i n g i n t h e e v e n i n g w i t h h e r p e t d o g h e r o n l y
玛 丽靠 近火 炉坐 着 , 背对 着 门 。
结构 二 : w i t h+ 名 词( 代词 ) + 形 容词 例句: H e s t a r e d a t h i s f r i e n d w i t h h i s m o u t h w i d e o p e n . 他 张大 嘴 巴凝视
with独立主格结构

with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。
多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。
众所周知,with 引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。
现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。
一、句法结构【结构一】with +名词(代词)+介词短语【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。
The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。
【结构二】with +名词(代词)+形容词【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来,眼里充满了好奇。
He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖,脸都冻红了。
【结构三】with +名词(代词)+副词【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。
The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。
With复合结构与独立主格结构

With复合结构与独立主格结构我们在阅读或在翻译一些文章的时候经常会碰到“With + 独立主格”结构,这一结构并不就是一个独立的单句,但其句法作用却相当于一个单句,大多数情况下它在句子中充当状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况、附加说明等等。
这一结构在句子中即可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。
With 后面的独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)就是由名词(也可以就是代词)加现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、形容词、副词、不定式等构成。
下面根据with 后独立主格所涉及到的成分通过例句的形式对这一结构加以说明。
1、 With +名词+过去分词§ They left with most of their work undone、(大部分的工作还没有做她们就离开了)§ The year 2000 ended with nothing settled、 (2000年过去了,什么也没有解决)§ The prisoner was brought in with his hands tied and feet chained、 (囚犯被带了进来,手被捆着,脚被锁链锁着。
)§ The shopping bag ladies wear layers of clothes, with newspapersstuffed between the layers as further protection against cold、(流浪女穿着一层层的衣服,层与层之间还塞满了报纸来进一步抵御严寒)2、 With +名词+现在分词§ She stood on the top of the hill with her hair flowing in the breeze、(她站在小山顶上,长发在微风中飘拂)§ I was about to declare myself here in Southampton with trainsrattling overhead、(在南安普敦,火车在我上面的铁轨上隆隆作响,我就要表明我自己的身份,开始拉琴卖艺了。
With 独立主格结构

With 独立主格结构在高中英语学习中,with的独立主格结构,也称作with的复合结构,经常出现,学生对它的使用难以掌握。
它是由with+宾语+宾补(宾补通常是非谓语动词)组成。
句型简析:With独立主格结构(作定语或状语)(with都可以省略)1.with + n. + n.The workforce is made up of 400 workers, (with) most of them women.这些劳工由400人组成,其中大部分是女性。
2.with + n. + adj.The students were listening to the teacher, (with) their eyes wide open.这些学生在听老师(讲课),他们眼睛睁得大大的。
3.with + n. + adv.(With) The meeting over, we returned to the classroom.会议结束了,我们都返回教室。
4.(with) + n + prep-phraseThe soldier stood there, (with) (a) gun in (his) hand.士兵站在那边,手中拿着一把枪。
(当介词后的名词表示身体的某个部位时,可省略修饰成分)5.(with) + n. + to do/ to be done (表示将来动作)(With) The sports meeting to be held next week, we must get ready for it.下星期要开运动会,我们必须为此做准备。
(With) A lot of homework to do, Tom won’t really enjo y a good holiday.有很多功课要做,汤姆不会真正享受好的假期。
6.(with) + n. + doing/ being done (表示正在进行) / having done (强调动作已经完成)(With) Time permitting, we’ll visit another museum.时间允许的话,我们将参观另一家博物馆。
with 的复合结构和独立主格

1 With 的复合结构(with+ 复合宾语)with+ 复合宾语结构常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。
With + 名词/代词+名词With + 名词/代词+形容词With + 名词/代词+副词With + 名词/代词+介词短语With + 名词/代词+不定式(to do/ to be done 表示动作将要做 , 若句中主语发出动作,用to do , 若句中主语不发出这一动作,则用to be done With + 名词/代词+现在分词 (doing/ being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时进行,若是with 后的名词/代词发出动作,即所谓的主动,则用doing ; 若是被动,则用being done )With + 名词/代词+过去分词 (动作已结束,动词与前面名词/代词的关系是被动)He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.She used to sleep with the windows open.She used to sleep with the light on.She came in, with a book in her hand.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With the boy leading us, we soon found the house.With the house being painted, we can’t move in.With everything I needed bought, I left the shop.2 独立主格结构一般来说,我们把With 复合结构中的with 去掉,就成了独立主格结构了。
如: She slept, the windows open.The prisoner stood there, his hands raised. ( 可以这样理解:hand 是被举起的,表示被动和完成)Time permitting, We ‘ll go for a picnic.(time和permit 是主动关系)She came in, book in hand. (注: book 和hand 之前不加任何代词或冠词,这与with 复合结构不同)还有不同的是,独立主格中出现了beingIt being a fine day, we decided to go swimming.There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.这两句话中的being 是由动词be 变来的,可以这样想:独立主格也是状语,所以不能使用谓语动词。
with引导的独立主格的用法
with引导的独立主格的用法with引导的独立主格结构(absolute phrase)是一种特殊的从句结构,用来修饰整个句子的主语或动词动作的状况。
该结构通常由介词with、现在分词或过去分词构成,形成一个独立的结构,与句子的主语或动词无直接的句法关系,但在意义上与句子整体紧密相关。
本文将介绍with引导的独立主格用法及其相关示例。
一、with引导的独立主格用法:1. 在with引导的独立主格结构中,动词一般采用现在分词(-ing形式)或过去分词(-ed形式)。
2. 独立主格结构常常用来表达时间、原因、方式、条件等状况。
二、with引导的独立主格结构的示例:1. 时间状况:- With the sun setting in the distance, we decided to end our hiking trip.(夕阳西下,我们决定结束我们的徒步旅行。
)- With winter approaching, she started to buy warm clothes for her children.(随着冬天的临近,她开始给孩子买暖和的衣服。
)2. 原因状况:- With everyone's support, we were able to complete the project successfully.(在大家的支持下,我们能够成功地完成这个项目。
)- With her brother's encouragement, she decided to pursue her dream of becoming a doctor.(在她兄弟的鼓励下,她决定追求成为一名医生的梦想。
)3. 方式状况:- With great care, the teacher explained the difficult concept to the students.(老师非常用心地向学生解释了这个难懂的概念。
with独立主格结构的用法
with独立主格结构的用法With独立主格结构的用法With独立主格结构是英语语法中的一种常见结构,它由with引导的介词短语和一个动词的-ing形式构成,用于表示伴随、原因、条件等关系。
本文将详细介绍with独立主格结构的用法。
1. 表示伴随关系With独立主格结构常用于表示伴随关系,即两个动作同时发生。
例如:With the sun shining brightly, we decided to go for a picnic.(阳光明媚,我们决定去野餐。
)With the music playing softly in the background, she fell asleep quickly.(背景音乐轻柔地响着,她很快就睡着了。
)2. 表示原因关系With独立主格结构还可以用于表示原因关系,即某个动作的发生是由于另一个动作的存在。
例如:With the roads being so icy, it's no wonder there were so many accidents.(路面如此冰滑,难怪会发生那么多事故。
)With the economy in such a bad state, many people are struggling tomake ends meet.(经济如此糟糕,许多人都在苦苦挣扎。
)3. 表示条件关系With独立主格结构还可以用于表示条件关系,即某个动作的发生是在某种条件下。
例如:With the weather being so unpredictable, we decided to bring both umbrellas and sunscreen.(天气如此不可预测,我们决定带上雨伞和防晒霜。
)With the deadline approaching, we worked late into the night to finish the project.(截止日期临近,我们熬夜工作以完成项目。
With的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构
With 的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构with 的复合宾语结构是高考的一个重点;分词的独立主格结构不是句子,因为没有实际的主语和谓语,该结构放在句首或句尾。
两者的语法功能和结构是相同的。
即两者在句中作状语,独立主格结构前加with 就构成了with的复合宾语结构。
㈠with 的复合宾语结构1.With+名词或代词+v-ingWith the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. <伴随状语>=While____________________________________________________.With Peter working in Birmingham and Lucy travelling most of the week, the house seems pretty empty. <原因状语>=Because _________________________________________________.With time going on, our life is becoming more beautiful. <时间状语>= As______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上主谓关系,即主动关系。
2. With+名词或代词+v-edWith the decision made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.=After ___________________________________________________.With the job finished, we went home straight away.=Because___________________________________________________.With more time given, I’ll explain this item in detail.=If _______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上动宾关系,即被动关系。
with 的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如:。
The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫,颈部敞开,露出光光的胸膛. Don't talk with your mouth full。
嘴里有食物时不要讲话.2. with+宾语+副词。
比如: She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头,跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在,多没劲儿呀!3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如: He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed。
他眼睛半闭着听音乐. She sat with her head bent。
她低着头坐着。
4。
with+宾语+现在分词。
比如:With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes。
冬天到了,该买些保暖的衣服了. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning。
他很快就睡着了,(可)灯还亮着. 5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如:He was asleep with his head on his arms。
他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year—old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了,怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6。
with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如:With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film。
下午无事可做,我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash。
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The boy lay oking at the sky.小男孩躺在草地上,两眼望着天空。
【动宾关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的,前者表示“被动;完成”;后者表示“未做;待做”。
The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down.这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。
He put on his socks with the wrong side out.他把袜子穿反了。
【结构四】with+名词(代词)+名词
【例句】She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion.她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书,她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世的时候,女儿还是个中学生。
【结构五】with+名词(代词)+现在分词
【例句】She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her.她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩。
The boy put on his shirt, with the wrong side out.小男孩反穿着衬衫。
I once lived in a house with many trees and flowers round it.我曾经住在一座房子里,周围有许多树木和鲜花。
【主谓关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构的名词和其后的现在分词构成。
Any man with eyes in his head can see that he is exactly like a rope.任何一个头上长眼睛的人都能看到它确实像一根绳子。
三、句法关系
【主表关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的形容词、副词以及介词短语构成。
【例句】Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.妈妈眼含泪水看着我。
The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery.这人抬起头来,眼里充满了好奇。
He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold.他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖,脸都冻红了。
【结构三】with+名词(代词)+副词
(文/刘善英;英语辅导报初中教师版04~05学年第26期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door.玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。
【结构二】with+名词(代词)+形容词
【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
The goalkeeper left Japan with his flaws laid bare.这位守门员离开了日本,而他的缺点却暴露无遗。
【结构七】with+名词(代词)+不定式
【例句】With 10 minutes to go, you'd better hurry.还有十分钟,你最好快一点。
With you helping me whenever I'm in trouble, I feel very obliged to you.无论我什么时候遇到困难你总是帮助我,真是太感激你了。
【结构六】with+名词(代词)+过去分词
【例句】“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Erik said.“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开,”艾瑞克说。
With winter coming on, it is getting colder and colder day by day.冬天慢慢到来,天气也一天比一天冷了起来。
The streets are even more beautiful with all the lights on.在灯光的映衬下,街道显得的更美丽了。
The teacher came into the classroom with a ruler under his arm.老师走进教室,胳膊下面夹着一把尺子。
【作定语】主要是用作后置定语。
【例句】The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。
一、句法结构
【结构一】with+名词(代词)+介词短语
【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。
The old man stood there, with his back against the wall.那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。
With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed.有你领导我们,我们组肯定能成功。
二、句法功能
【作状语】with独立主格结构主要用作状语,可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。
【例句】With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.有玛丽的帮助,他一定能成功。
亲。
四、句法省略
【省略特征】with独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“with +名词+介词短语”结构中的省略,其特点是省去with及介词短语中的名词修饰词,也就是:“名词+介词+名词”。
【例句】She ran to the hero, flowers in hand.她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄。
The maths teacher walked into the classroom, book in hand.数学老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。
【例句】With so much work to do, we had to sit up through the night.有这么多工作要做,我们不得不彻夜不眠。
With nothing taken home, the boy was afraid to see his stepfather.没有东西带回家,这个小男孩害怕见到他的父
【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.产量上升了60%,公司又是一个好年景。
The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on.这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。
教学参考:With引导的独立主格结构 2005/03/14 09:41英语辅导报
with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知,with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。