with复合结构和独立主格结构
独立主格与with复合结构汇总
I. 独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。
独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing : 逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者。
如：Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper.①.______no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was②._______no bus, we had to walk home. A. As there being B. As there was C. Being D. There was③._______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. Being B. There being C. It being D. Having been④.______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. As it being B . Being C. It is D. As it isABCD2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
如：The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.①._____, the train started. A. The signal given B. Giving the signal B. The signal being given D. The signal giving②._____, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given③._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words④.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new words B. New words explaining D. Being explained new words ADBA3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。
with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解
中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解字体大小：大中小晓晓发表于2011-11-07 23:12评论0条阅读497次不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂，不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚，现将一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。
with结构也称为with复合结构，首先要与介词with的用法区别开来。
先让我们全面了解介词with的用法。
一、介词with的用法with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于......” 等21种词义。
1. the company of; accompanying:和，陪伴：在…陪伴下；随同：2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边，同…在一起：stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起，与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着，带来：作为所有物、属性或特点具有：arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息；留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式：performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演；热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用：在…的表现、使用或运行中：had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责，照料：left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计：if it's all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持，赞同：I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致：与…有相同观点或信仰：He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用：通过…的方式或媒介：eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭；以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管：With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验，她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向：sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆；顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时：gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于，对于：We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定，我们很高兴；他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…：用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方：played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩；和班上的同学谈一谈；与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比；与…对照：a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到，获得：With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后，他离开了。
with_结构和独立主格
当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词 用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with 的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时， 其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词 或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不 受此限制 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。
with结构与独立主格结构的关系
with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上， with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有 冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修 饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with 或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不 用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作 定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构 通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而 with结构则不能。
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构，它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。
但是，它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。
一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导，并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语，后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。
例如：- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系，即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。
它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。
例如：- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词，它们之间没有任何连接词。
例如：- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系，但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。
通常情况下，独立主格放在句子的开头，用逗号与主句分开。
例如：- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。
前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词，后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。
2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系，但是它们在用法上有一些不同。
9-1-with-复合结构和独立主格
with的复合结构，是由with+复合宾语组成.常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等.其构成有下列几种情形：1。
with+名词（或代词)+现在分词此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)With prices going up so fast，we can't afford luxuries。
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。
（原因状语）2）With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。
（伴随情况)2.with+名词(或代词）+过去分词此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如：1）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling。
我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
（伴随情况）2）She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
（原因状语)3。
with+名词(或代词)+形容词1)I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉.(伴随情况)2)With the weather so close and stuffy，ten to one it'll rain presently.大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。
（原因状语）4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语1)With the children at school，we can't take our vacation when we want to。
由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。
（原因状语）2)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿.（行为方式）5.with+名词（或代词)+副词1)He fell asleep with the light on.他睡着了，灯还亮着。
with 的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如:。
The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛. Don't talk with your mouth full。
嘴里有食物时不要讲话.2. with+宾语+副词。
比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed。
他眼睛半闭着听音乐. She sat with her head bent。
她低着头坐着。
4。
with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes。
冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning。
他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着. 5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms。
他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year—old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6。
with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如：With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film。
下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash。
with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别
一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
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独立主格结构和with / without复合结构1.概念:独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。
2.结构: 名词/代词+ 非谓语（doing & todo & done 形容词&副词介词短语Taking your age into consideration, y ou’d better not go hiking.Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hik ing.(Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。
1.________________, they left the meeting– room.（问题解决了）（settle）2.____________ , we`ll go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit)3.He was lying on the grass, __________________________(他的手交叉在手下) (cross)(Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词1._________________, he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)2. He entered the house, ___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红)(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词He put on his socks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed2.__________________________ (最后一个人的到来)，our party will start.（arrive）（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。
1.Our teacher came into the classroom, ____________.(手上一本书)2._______________ , the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜）(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。
但在“being+过去分词”或“there being＋过去分词”结构中，being不可省。
1.___________________, he went to school.(早餐结束后)（over）2.____________________________, she went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因)3._________________________, we can‘t go there. (房间正在被油漆)二．With和without复合结构with和without复合结构是:with/without＋名词／代词＋分词／不定式／形容词／副词／介词短语。
在句子中可以作状语或定语。
（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。
用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。
(Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。
用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。
(Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。
用不定式表示将要发生的动作。
(Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。
1. She sleeps with the window ____________.2. I couldn`t finish my work with those children __.A. playing aroundB. plays aroundC. played aroundD. to play around(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____ parents were seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _________ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sat together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. thatIn the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention __ on a book.A. fixingB. fixesC. fixedD. to fixWith a lot of difficult problems __, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled三．with和without复合结构与独立主格结构的转化（Ⅰ）with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。
（１）作时间状语With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.= When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.（２）作原因状语With the key lost, she could not enter the room.=The key lost, she could not enter the room.=As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.(3)作条件状语With time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.=Time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.=If time permits, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.(4)作伴随状语Here are the first three volumes withthe fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.(Ⅱ) with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.巩固练习1.__ ten minutes __ before the last train left, we arrived at the station.A. There were; to goB. With; to goC. I was; leftD. It had; left2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars3.__ the lights off, we could not go on with the work.A. UntilB. AsC. WithD. Because4.It was a pity that the great writer died __ his work unfinished.A. forB. withC. fromD. of5.The weather __ so bad, we had to put off the football match.A. wasB. isC. wereD. being6. __, the runners raced on to the finishing line.A. Stick in handB. With a stick in his handC. Sticks in handD. Sticks in hands7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes __ and his hands __.A. being closed; tremblingB. closed; tremblingC. closed; trembledD. closing; trembled8.__,the work can be done much better.A. Given more timeB. We had been given more timeC. More time givenD. If more time had given9.Weather __, the sports meet will be held as scheduled.A. permitsB. will permitC. to permitD. permitting10.__ a rainy day, he didn`t go out for a walk as usual.A. It wasB. It isC. It beingD. Having been•一、分析句子结构1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it .2. ___many times , he still couldn't understand it .• A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told3. ________to the left , you'll find the post office .4. If you ________to the left , you'll find the post office .5. ________to the left , and you'll find the post office .• A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned•二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。