With复合结构与独立主格结构
独立主格与with复合结构汇总
I. 独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。
独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing : 逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者。
如：Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper.①.______no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was②._______no bus, we had to walk home. A. As there being B. As there was C. Being D. There was③._______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. Being B. There being C. It being D. Having been④.______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. As it being B . Being C. It is D. As it isABCD2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
如：The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.①._____, the train started. A. The signal given B. Giving the signal B. The signal being given D. The signal giving②._____, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given③._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words④.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new words B. New words explaining D. Being explained new words ADBA3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。
with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解
中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解字体大小：大中小晓晓发表于2011-11-07 23:12评论0条阅读497次不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂，不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚，现将一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。
with结构也称为with复合结构，首先要与介词with的用法区别开来。
先让我们全面了解介词with的用法。
一、介词with的用法with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于......” 等21种词义。
1. the company of; accompanying:和，陪伴：在…陪伴下；随同：2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边，同…在一起：stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起，与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着，带来：作为所有物、属性或特点具有：arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息；留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式：performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演；热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用：在…的表现、使用或运行中：had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责，照料：left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计：if it's all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持，赞同：I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致：与…有相同观点或信仰：He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用：通过…的方式或媒介：eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭；以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管：With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验，她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向：sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆；顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时：gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于，对于：We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定，我们很高兴；他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…：用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方：played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩；和班上的同学谈一谈；与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比；与…对照：a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到，获得：With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后，他离开了。
独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别
独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别独立主格和with的复合结构以及非谓语动词是英语语法中常见的三种结构。
独立主格是指包含一个名词或代词和一个动词分词的结构，该结构通常用于修饰整个句子的一部分。
例如，“天空阴沉着，他走进了房间”，其中“天空阴沉着”是独立主格，用来描述整个句子的气氛。
与独立主格类似的是with的复合结构。
它由一个名词或代词和一个带有介词with的短语组成，通常也用来修饰整个句子的一部分。
例如，“与他一起工作的人都很聪明”，其中“与他一起工作的人”是with的复合结构。
非谓语动词则是指动词的一种形式，不带有主语和谓语，通常用于修饰名词或代词。
例如，“我喜欢看漫画书”，其中“看漫画书”是非谓语动词。
虽然这三种结构相似，但它们之间还是有区别的。
独立主格和with的复合结构通常用来修饰整个句子或一个名词或代词，而非谓语动词则通常用来修饰名词或代词。
同时，非谓语动词还可以用来表示时间、原因、目的等概念。
因此，在使用这些结构时，需要根据具体的语境和需要来选择合适的结构。
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高中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解
高中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解时间：2011-10-16 10:57 来源：天天高中学习网点击: 241次2012寒假提高成绩50-150分秘诀：高一视频，高二视频，高三视频寒假名师辅导推荐视频年级课程高一课程推荐高一“寒假点睛班”！高一“寒假单科补弱班”高二课程推荐高二“寒假点睛班”！高二“寒假单科补弱班”高三课程推荐高三“寒假双重提高班”！高考二轮寒假提高班！初中课程推荐初一“寒假双重提高班”！初二“寒假双重提高班”初三“寒假中考双重强化班”更多初中高中辅导课程推荐,点击进入>>不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂，不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚，现将一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。
with结构也称为with复合结构，首先要与介词with的用法区别开来。
先让我们全面了解介词with的用法。
一、介词with的用法with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于......” 等21种词义。
1. the company of; accompanying:和，陪伴：在…陪伴下；随同：2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边，同…在一起：stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起，与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着，带来：作为所有物、属性或特点具有：arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息；留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式：performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演；热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用：在…的表现、使用或运行中：had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责，照料：left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计：if it's all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持，赞同：I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致：与…有相同观点或信仰：He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用：通过…的方式或媒介：eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭；以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管：With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验，她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向：sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆；顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时：gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于，对于：We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定，我们很高兴；他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…：用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方：played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩；和班上的同学谈一谈；与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比；与…对照：a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到，获得：With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后，他离开了。
with_结构和独立主格
当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词 用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with 的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时， 其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词 或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不 受此限制 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。
with结构与独立主格结构的关系
with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上， with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有 冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修 饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with 或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不 用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作 定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构 通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而 with结构则不能。
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构，它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。
但是，它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。
一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导，并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语，后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。
例如：- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系，即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。
它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。
例如：- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词，它们之间没有任何连接词。
例如：- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系，但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。
通常情况下，独立主格放在句子的开头，用逗号与主句分开。
例如：- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。
前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词，后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。
2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系，但是它们在用法上有一些不同。
独立主格结构和with引导的复合结构
I．独立主格结构We already have 2.4 million people…, 412,000 of them locked away in a prison cell. (Lesson 3, Para. 1)（一）定义独立主格结构是由一个独立的主格名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语（作为逻辑谓语）构成。
其作用相当于状语，多用来表示原因、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。
这种结构多用在书面语中。
（二）特点1．独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2．名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。
3．独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
（三）几种常见的独立主格结构形式1. 名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。
如：The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. 名词（或代词）＋形容词。
如：The weather hot, we all went swimming.3. 名词（或代词）＋不定式。
如：Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went.4. 名词（或代词）＋介词短语。
如：He climbed in, sword in hand.5. 名词（或代词）＋副词。
如：The meeting over, we left the room.II. With引导的复合结构With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost … (Lesson 3, Para. 9)（一）with复合结构的模式with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（二）with复合结构与独立主格结构它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.如：With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.但须注意的是：with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.= Soon she arrived at a park where grass was green and flowers were in blossom.。
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With复合结构与独立主格结构我们在阅读或在翻译一些文章的时候经常会碰到“With + 独立主格”结构,这一结构并不就是一个独立的单句,但其句法作用却相当于一个单句,大多数情况下它在句子中充当状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况、附加说明等等。
这一结构在句子中即可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。
With 后面的独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)就是由名词(也可以就是代词)加现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、形容词、副词、不定式等构成。
下面根据with 后独立主格所涉及到的成分通过例句的形式对这一结构加以说明。
1、 With +名词+过去分词§ They left with most of their work undone、(大部分的工作还没有做她们就离开了)§ The year 2000 ended with nothing settled、 (2000年过去了,什么也没有解决)§ The prisoner was brought in with his hands tied and feet chained、 (囚犯被带了进来,手被捆着,脚被锁链锁着。
)§ The shopping bag ladies wear layers of clothes, with newspapersstuffed between the layers as further protection against cold、(流浪女穿着一层层的衣服,层与层之间还塞满了报纸来进一步抵御严寒)2、 With +名词+现在分词§ She stood on the top of the hill with her hair flowing in the breeze、(她站在小山顶上,长发在微风中飘拂)§ I was about to declare myself here in Southampton with trainsrattling overhead、(在南安普敦,火车在我上面的铁轨上隆隆作响,我就要表明我自己的身份,开始拉琴卖艺了。
)§ With economy recovering, people’s living standard is improving、(随着经济的复苏,人民的生活水平也在改善)3、 With+名词+介词短语§ He stood on a big rock with his face towards the rough sea、(她站在一块儿大岩石上,面朝着波涛汹涌的大海)§ They stood with their arms round each other、(她们站在那里,相互拥抱着)§ His wife came down the stairs, with her one-year-old son in her arms、 (她的妻子走下楼来,怀里抱着她那个一岁的儿子)4、 With+名词+形容词§ Even in winter he still slept with the window open、(即使在冬天,她仍然开着窗户睡觉)§ With chairman of the board seriously ill, we had to cancel the meeting、(由于董事长病的很严重,所以我们只好取消了这次会议)§ With the weather unbearably hot, we had to have our air-conditioner working all the time。
(由于天气热得令人难以忍受,所以我们只得一直开着空调)5. With+名词+副词§ With two people away ill, we’ll have to close the office this afternoon、(由于两人有病没来,今天下午我们不得不停止办公)§ Her three children lay on the bed with all their clothes on、(她的三个孩子穿着衣服躺床上) § The child was free to do everything with her mother not in、 (母亲没在家,这个孩子可以自由地做一切事情)6、 With+名词+不定式短语§ With a lot of work to do, I don’t know whether I have time to go to the concert with you、(有这么多的工作要做,我不知道就是否有时间与您一起去听音乐会)§ I really did not have time to relax with so many small children tolook after、(有很多的小孩儿要照顾,我真的没有时间去放松一下)§ I can’t go out with a lot of dishes to wash。
(有这么多的盘子要洗,我出不去)With复合结构与独立主格结构 ( 2009-7-11 9:45 )with复合结构与独立主格结构就是英语中常见的两种结构形式。
从某种意义上说,它们可以算作就是非谓语动词用法的延伸。
它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换。
虽然它们的语法功能与意义相同,但其结构形式与名称却不相同。
抓住这一点,就可以把二者融会贯通,从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。
With复合结构的模式就是:with+名词/代词(作逻辑主语)+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑谓语)独立主格结构的模式就是:主格名词/代词(作逻辑主语)+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑谓语)请瞧下例:一、作时间状语1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south、=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south、2、With our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday、=Our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday、3、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving、=The traffic light green, the bus got moving、4、With the wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel、=The wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel、二、作原因状语5、With it being Sunday, the library was closed、=It being Sunday, the library was closed、6、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves、=The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves、7、With us to care for the children you are able to be carefree away from home、=We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home、(注意此处的we 不得改成us,用了us便不就是独立主格结构了。
)8、With the key having been lost, she could not enter the room、=The key having been lost, she could not enter the room、三、作条件状语1、With time permitting(许可),we’ll visit the Summer Palace、=Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace、2、With the car going wrong, we’ll have to stop at the foot of the mountain、=The car going wrong, we’ll have to stop at the foot of the mountain、四、作伴随状况状语1、The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed、=The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing on the bed、2、He wore a shirt with the neck open、=He wore a shirt, the neck open、3、Last night I followed him, and climbed in, with a sword in my hand、=Last night I followed him and climbed in, sword in hand、4、He sat there thinking, with his head on his hand、=He sat there thinking, head on hand、注意:若with复合结构在句中作伴随状况状语,且结构模式又就是“with+名词+介词短语”,那么with复合结构转换成独立主格结构时,介词前后的两个名词就应该用单数形式且不带包括冠词在内的任何限定词。
上述句3、句4便就是例证。
无论with复合结构还就是独立主格结构,都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。
如下例中的was就必须去掉:He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand、这两种结构在句中作时间、条件或原因状语时,分别与表示时间、条件或原因的状语从句同义。