独立主格结构、with的复合结构
with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别
独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别独立主格和with的复合结构以及非谓语动词是英语语法中常见的三种结构。
独立主格是指包含一个名词或代词和一个动词分词的结构，该结构通常用于修饰整个句子的一部分。
例如，“天空阴沉着，他走进了房间”，其中“天空阴沉着”是独立主格，用来描述整个句子的气氛。
与独立主格类似的是with的复合结构。
它由一个名词或代词和一个带有介词with的短语组成，通常也用来修饰整个句子的一部分。
例如，“与他一起工作的人都很聪明”，其中“与他一起工作的人”是with的复合结构。
非谓语动词则是指动词的一种形式，不带有主语和谓语，通常用于修饰名词或代词。
例如，“我喜欢看漫画书”，其中“看漫画书”是非谓语动词。
虽然这三种结构相似，但它们之间还是有区别的。
独立主格和with的复合结构通常用来修饰整个句子或一个名词或代词，而非谓语动词则通常用来修饰名词或代词。
同时，非谓语动词还可以用来表示时间、原因、目的等概念。
因此，在使用这些结构时，需要根据具体的语境和需要来选择合适的结构。
- 1 -。
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构，它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。
但是，它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。
一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导，并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语，后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。
例如：- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系，即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。
它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。
例如：- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词，它们之间没有任何连接词。
例如：- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系，但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。
通常情况下，独立主格放在句子的开头，用逗号与主句分开。
例如：- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。
前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词，后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。
2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系，但是它们在用法上有一些不同。
独立主格结构和with引导的复合结构
I．独立主格结构We already have 2.4 million people…, 412,000 of them locked away in a prison cell. (Lesson 3, Para. 1)（一）定义独立主格结构是由一个独立的主格名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语（作为逻辑谓语）构成。
其作用相当于状语，多用来表示原因、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。
这种结构多用在书面语中。
（二）特点1．独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2．名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。
3．独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
（三）几种常见的独立主格结构形式1. 名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。
如：The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. 名词（或代词）＋形容词。
如：The weather hot, we all went swimming.3. 名词（或代词）＋不定式。
如：Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went.4. 名词（或代词）＋介词短语。
如：He climbed in, sword in hand.5. 名词（或代词）＋副词。
如：The meeting over, we left the room.II. With引导的复合结构With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost … (Lesson 3, Para. 9)（一）with复合结构的模式with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（二）with复合结构与独立主格结构它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.如：With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.但须注意的是：with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.= Soon she arrived at a park where grass was green and flowers were in blossom.。
9-1-with-复合结构和独立主格
with的复合结构，是由with+复合宾语组成.常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等.其构成有下列几种情形：1。
with+名词（或代词)+现在分词此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)With prices going up so fast，we can't afford luxuries。
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。
（原因状语）2）With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。
（伴随情况)2.with+名词(或代词）+过去分词此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如：1）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling。
我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
（伴随情况）2）She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
（原因状语)3。
with+名词(或代词)+形容词1)I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉.(伴随情况)2)With the weather so close and stuffy，ten to one it'll rain presently.大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。
（原因状语）4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语1)With the children at school，we can't take our vacation when we want to。
由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。
（原因状语）2)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿.（行为方式）5.with+名词（或代词)+副词1)He fell asleep with the light on.他睡着了，灯还亮着。
高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构
高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 10考点5）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。
上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。
独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went out to play footballwith my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weather permitting, we are going to visit youtomorrow.②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The test finished, we began our holiday.③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit.⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with cold.⑥名词(代词) +介词短语He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving.(前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。
with 的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如:。
The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛. Don't talk with your mouth full。
嘴里有食物时不要讲话.2. with+宾语+副词。
比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed。
他眼睛半闭着听音乐. She sat with her head bent。
她低着头坐着。
4。
with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes。
冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning。
他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着. 5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms。
他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year—old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6。
with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如：With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film。
下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash。
with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别
一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
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A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. buy
21．With the price of pork and eggs _______ quickly, CPI has become a hot phrase among Chinese.
A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Because of
29．Weather _________, we’ll go shopping.
A. permits B. permitted C .having permitted D. permitting
30．All her time __________experiments, she has no time for films.
A. was finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. finished
18．Witheverythingimportant _______, my father is now lying on the beach, enjoying the bright sunshine and fresh air.
8．with all the money,the man can't afford a ticket.
A. A stealedB. stolen
C. stealingD. be stolen
9．_____ all the seats full, he had no choice but to stand up.
C. the older of which served D. the elder one has served
32．_______ only one week left before the final examination, we’re kept busy going over our lessons.
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一、单项选择（题型注释）
A. havingB. hadC. haveD. to have
13．_______ China winning 51 gold medals, the 2008 Olympic Games came to an end.
A. AsB. ForC. Because ofD. With
14．______ our food running out, we had to walk to a village for help.
A. open; coming B. to open; coming C. open; come D. opened; came
3．I fell asleep while working on this paper _______ the computer on.
A. as B. for C. over D. with
4．With so many orphans________，the charity organization calls for more donations.
A.tobelookedafterB.being looked afterC.to look afterD.looked after
5．With the sun _______, we felt comfortable walking outside.
C. having been run out D. having run out
35．The Smiths have gone to New York for their holiday, with an old servant ____ their house.
A. looking after B. look after C. having looked after D. looked after
A. AsB. SinceC. WithD.Because
16．both his eyes focused on his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
A. Through B. Because of C. For D. With
17．I received an invitation to dinner from my friend，and with my work，I gladly accepted it.
A. devoted to doB. is devotedtodoing
C. devoted to doingD. is devoted to do
31．I have two elder brothers, ____ in the army for ten years.
A. the elder of whom served B. the older having served
A. ForB. AsC. SinceD. With
33．It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth ____ and his eyes _____.
A. closing; openB.closed; openC. closing; openingD.closed; opened
36．I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
37．With so many problems ____, the new government is in rather a difficult situation.
A. fixing on B. fixing to C. fixed on D. fixed to
26．The sales_____steadily,thefactory needs an increasing supply of raw material.
A. have gone up B. are going up C. gone up D. going up
7．Jack offered us a big meal when he was leaving the office, but our work ____, we refused it.
A. not finishedB. had not been finished
C. not having finishedD. wasn’t finished
A. to complete B. completing C. completed D. being completed
19．They live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers _______ it.
A. surrounded B. surrounds C. surrounding D. to surround
A. r to go up
22．With more and more people__________ the importance of English, English training has become a profit-making industry.
27．With so much work _______his mind , he almost broke down .
A. fillB. fillingC. filledD. to fill
28．_________the exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A.remainingto be solvedB. remained to be solved.
C. remaining to solveD. remain to solve
38．With the boy_______ the way, we had no difficulty _______the way to the West Lake.
A. ForB. AsC. ThoughD.With
10．The boys were happily making a snowman, _________ with cold.
A.their faces redB.their faces were red
C. their faces to be redD.their faces turned red
24．With my money ______, I went back home.
A. ran out of B. ran out C.running out of D. running out
25．The students are listening to the teacher with their eyestheblackboard.
A. shineB. shiningC. to shineD. shone