湖南英语高考_阅读填空专题指导 经典例题有答案有解析复习课程

阅读填空专题指导试题结构。

阅读填空题是语言运用类试题，旨在考查学生搜集信息（包括直接信息和间接信息）、处理信息、运用语言传递信息的的能力。

阅读填空分正文和表格两部分，正文为约300字的一篇短文；而表格为信息搜集与处理的标准约定和潜在帮助，同时又是信息搜集与处理结果的定位区域。

表格中一般设10个空，要求考生依据正文内容和表格结构关系，用不超过3个单词的语段来填补空缺，使表格内容上下左右呼应通达。

表格之外有外标题（Title），可视为正文的标题；表格结构基本与正文吻合，内含若干列标题和行标题，统领正文主干；表格细节内容为涵盖全篇正文的简约表述。

试题特征。

分析近年英语高考试题阅读填空，可以发现阅读填空题有以下几个特点。

主观性：顺应全球语言测试的大方向:增加主观题，减少客观题，是英语试题优化的趋势。

运用性：需对现有语言进行整理、重组和概括。

一致性：一方面，表格结构和内容与正文一致；另一方面，表格内容的表述形式要一致。

概括性：体现在使用3个单词以内的小语段，来表达一个句子、几个句子、甚至整篇。

准确性：就是要用无语言错误的规范语言科学地概括正文的主要内容。

应试方略。

理解正文大意和结构。

表格结构和内容的设置是以正文为依据的，只有读懂了正文，才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。

考生可以采用边读边记要点的方法，将记叙文的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因和结果等简要地记下来，将议论文的总论点、分论点、论据等加以概括，很有可能表格的不少答案已在其中了。

分析表格结构和内容。

一般情况下，表格的第一列或第一行为项目内容即小标题（列标题和行标题），通常就是段落和表格的主题句, 它标示着其下方或右边细节内容所涉及的方向与范围，这些细节内容的填充可借助于小标题，同样，小标题的概括由各个细节决定。

表格内的所有项目之间存在着逻辑关系，彼此约束，相互支撑，互为联系。

确定题目答案。

在实际做题过程中，考生不妨采用“表格—正文—表格”的模式。

先略读表格结构和内容，以把握正文的总体脉络，明了表格空缺所涉及的主要问题。

然后带着问题阅读正文部分，边读边记正文要点，避免填一空回头读一遍文章造成的时间浪费。

接下来，用所记的文章要点帮助表格填空，有些属基础题可直接引用原文词汇和语句；而某些活用题则需要运用常识和所学语言知识，对原来结构完整、语意复杂的主题句化繁为简，简约地用与相邻语句相同或相似的形式表述出来；难度较大的总结概括性题目如列标题和行标题，通常放在细节内容补全后完成，概括力求有针对性，准确，全面，得体。

最后，总览所填表格内容，避免遗漏，保证上下左右语意贯通。

第一节引用原文词汇和语句顺利解答阅读填空题技巧之一就是，采用边读边记要点的方法，用所记的文章要点帮助表格填空。

表格中基础性题目很多可以直接引用原文中的词汇和语句即语段。

引用原文时（当然亦适用于其它情况）应注意字母的大小写问题。

无论在原文中语段首字母是大写还是小写，填空时一般要根据表格内现有同级语段的书写来确定，位于同一个表格内不同语段的大小写的规则，因所处的级别位置不同而不同。

另外，不同的表格可能采用不同的大小写规则。

规律小结①解题一般步骤: 分析表格结构，抓住主要问题；理解正文大意，列出文章概要；理清表格层次，先做细节题，再定小标题，最后的大标题。

②注意大小写的规范性，表格外大标题多数为每个单词首字母大写，表格内的小标题和细解题应视具体情况而定，不可一概而论。

③题目设计者一定会设置3－5道直接引用原文词汇和语句的题目，我们首先要保证这部分题拿满分。

Every two years, cities around the world make bids to the International Olympic Commission (IOC) to host the Olympic Games. Today, cities are selected through a much more rigorous (严格的) process.Any city that wants to host the Olympic Games puts in its name to the IOC and is considered an “Applicant City”. For the next ten months, the IOC investigates the city on several points:1) The city must prove that it is big enough to handle the Olympics. It also needs to show that it can handle the high level of security (安全) needed at the games.2) The city needs to convince the local people that the expenses of covering the Olympics (which may be covered by raising taxes) are worth it in city improvement and new jobs.3) The city needs to maintain a highly positive media exposure to carry the games.If the IOC decides that a city has fulfilled the three points above, it is considered a “Candidate City ”and goes into the second phase of the process. After an application and an application fee submitted (递交), the IOC makes a final judgment on which city is the best candidate for the coming Summer or Winter Olympic Games.The cost for bidding for the games is incredibly high. Bid committees must pay an application fee to the IOC. (The fee for hosting the 2012 Olympics is US$150,000.) Following the fee, the cities generally need to begin large construction projects like building the “Olympic village”, new sports arenas (竞技场) and stadiums, and transportation systems.Since the Olympics are so expensive, why do cities want to host the games? Cities bid for the Olympics for a variety of reasons: the desire to show pride in their city and their country, the eagerness to be in the international spotlight for two weeks, the opportunity to bring new jobs into the community, and to build up tourism for that city.第二节归纳总结①既然归纳总结是抓住众多信息的主要共有特征，那么，做题时就应首先将众多信息搜集齐全，再做分析，以避免归纳片面性的发生。

然后将次要信息特征果断丢弃，最后利用所学知识调整用词，简洁表达。

②潜心搜集掌握撰写文章和分析文章结构时常用的不同种类的词汇。

⑴item, topic, subject, title, fact, data, source, character, time, place⑵sex, age, birth, nationality, career, experience, education,⑶problem, cause, reason, way, method, solution, access, sign, feature, phenomena, usage, function, procedure, stage, phase, action, measure, effect, result, consequence, conclusion, comment, assessment, improvement⑷aim, purpose, plan, activity, demand, requirement, advice, opinion, suggestionWhile it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.Try physical activityWhen you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try.Take care of yourselfYou should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and cannot sleep well enough, or if you’re not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor.Make time for yourselfSchedule time for both work and entertainment . Don’t forget, play can be just as important to you over-all well-being as work. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun. Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.Make a list of the things you need to doStress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “ there’s so much to do, and not enough time”. Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Set out to do the most important tasks first.规律小结阅读填空正文及表格部分，都有可能涉及到各方面的常识，如英美基本文化知识，生活小知识，自然科学及社会科学知识等。