NDT Procedure无损检测程序
无损检验工作流程
无损检测工作流程
1.报验委托
1.1 报验部门需提交《无损检测检验委托单》
2.检验准备
2.1检验人员接到无损检测检验委托单》后及时核对信息，确保无误后根据相应标准选择试块调试仪器设备，保证灵敏度满足技术要求。
3.检测及记录、报告
3.1检验人员按《无损检测通用规程》及相关技术要求实施检测
3.2检测时，操作人员应如实做好检测记录
3.3检测结果不合格则按照标准进行复验，复检仍不合格则反馈给直
属领导和报验部门进行处理。
3.4无损检测报告由无损责任人审核签字后方能发出。
4. 无损检测资料归档和试样、试件保存的基本要求
4.1检验资料由质检部保管并作好记录，最后与同工程项目其他资料存入档案室，保存时间为7年。
4.2试样应在左上角打上钢印，内容为规格型号及材质并编号保存，以备下次使用。
4.3射线胶片的保存有效期为整个在役期间。
无损检测工作流程—原材料
无损检测工作流程—成品`。
《无损检测监理工作控制程序》NDT控制程序
（请小安参考、修改、执行（有问题随时打我手机沟通）魏荆线新野县城区段安全隐患整治工程无损检测监理控制程序魏荆线新野隐患整治工程监理部2011年02月无损检测监理工作控制程序魏荆线新野县城区段安全隐患整治工程是中石化管道储运襄樊输油处重点工程,为确保无损检测结果的科学性、公正性、规范性、及时性、有效性、统一性以及真实性，特制定无损检测控制程序,该文件可作为魏荆线新野县城区段安全隐患整治工程无损检测工作的依据及原则，亦可作为检测工作的指导性文件。
无损检测监理控制程序说明(见无损检测监理工作规程附图)。
1、各施工机组质量检查员根据当日该机组完成的焊口，经过外观检查合格后，填报无损检测申请单（见附录A），返修焊口亦同样要经过外观检查合格后，填报无损检测复探申请单（见附录B）。
2、现场监理收到无损检测申请单、无损检测复探申请单后，经过焊口外观检查确认合格、在申请单签字后方可由施工单位申报。
3、监理部无损检测工程师接到无损检测申请单、无损检测复探申请单后，签发无损检测监理指令（见附录C）。
注：因本工程大多采用首先百分之百UT，而后百分之十RT 抽查的无损检测设计方案，所以RT监理指令必须在接到UT合格日报表后，才可以签发。
4、检测单位接到监理部无损检测工程师签发的无损检测监理指令后，在规定的时间内应该完成检测任务，并签发上报无损检测结果日报表（见附录D）。
不合格焊口亦同时签发上报无损检测返修通知单（见附录E）。
由于特殊原因，完不成检测任务，应该由现场监理在无损检测监理指令中签字，注明顺延的时间。
5、监理部无损检测工程师根据检测单位签发上报的无损检测返修通知单后，签发无损检测监理返修指令（见附录F）。
施工承包商在规定的时间内完成返修并填报无损检测复探申请单，监理部无损检测工程师及时签发无损检测监理复探指令（见附录G）。
6、无损检测单位应该每星期，向监理部无损检测工程师提交正件（加盖无损检测专用章）无损检测报告（见附录H）及正件无损检测返修通知单，接到正件无损检测报告经审查确认后，由监理部总监理签发下道工序补口指令。
无损检测程序
无损检测程序无损检测程序是一种用于检测材料或构件内部缺陷的技术。
它通过使用各种无损检测方法，如超声波检测、磁粉检测、涡流检测等，来评估材料的完整性和质量。
这些方法可以帮助我们发现材料中的裂纹、气孔、夹杂物等缺陷，从而确保材料的安全性和可靠性。
无损检测程序的设计和实施是确保无损检测有效性的关键。
下面将详细介绍无损检测程序的主要步骤和注意事项。
1. 确定检测目标和要求：在开始无损检测程序之前，首先需要明确检测的目标和要求。
这包括确定需要检测的材料或构件、检测的缺陷类型和尺寸、检测的灵敏度要求等。
这些信息将有助于确定适当的无损检测方法和参数。
2. 选择合适的无损检测方法：根据检测目标和要求，选择合适的无损检测方法。
常见的无损检测方法包括超声波检测、磁粉检测、涡流检测、X射线检测等。
每种方法都有其适用的材料和缺陷类型，因此需要根据具体情况进行选择。
3. 制定检测方案：根据选择的无损检测方法，制定详细的检测方案。
这包括确定检测设备和仪器的规格和性能要求、制定检测参数和操作步骤、确定数据记录和分析方法等。
检测方案应该清晰明确，以确保检测的准确性和可重复性。
4. 进行实际检测：根据制定的检测方案，进行实际的无损检测。
这包括准备检测设备和仪器，按照设定的参数和步骤进行检测操作，记录和保存检测数据等。
在实际检测过程中，需要注意操作规范和安全事项，确保检测的准确性和安全性。
5. 数据分析和评估：完成无损检测后，需要对收集到的数据进行分析和评估。
这包括对检测结果进行解读和判断，确定缺陷的类型、位置、尺寸等，并评估其对材料或构件的影响。
数据分析和评估的准确性和可靠性对于判断材料的可用性和安全性至关重要。
6. 缺陷处理和记录：根据数据分析和评估的结果，制定相应的缺陷处理方案。
这可能包括修复、更换或报废材料或构件。
同时，需要记录和保存检测的相关数据、结果和处理过程，以便于后续的跟踪和追溯。
7. 定期维护和校准：无损检测设备和仪器需要定期进行维护和校准，以确保其性能和准确性。
NDT Procedure 无损检测操作规程MT
INDEX1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................2 1.1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Normative references ................................................................................................................ 23 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION .............................................................................................................. 24 SAFETY CONDITIONS ......................................................................................................................... 25 SURFACE PREPARATION ..................................................................................................................... 36 MAGNETIZATION ............................................................................................................................... 3 6.1 General Conditions .................................................................................................................... 3 6.2 Magnetization Techniques ......................................................................................................... 4 6.3 Magnetization Check Out ........................................................................................................... 57 UV-A RADIATION SOURCES ................................................................................................................ 5 8MAGNETIC PARTICLES ....................................................................................................................... 5 9 CALIBRATION .................................................................................................................................... 6 10 VISUAL INSPECTION CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................... 6 10.1 Coloured Products ..................................................................................................................... 6 10.2 Fluorescent Products ................................................................................................................. 6 11 GLOBAL BEHAVIOUR CONTROL (PERFORMANCE) ................................................................................ 6 12 Definitions and Indications Classification .............................................................................................. 7 12.1 Definition of Indications............................................................................................................. 7 12.2 Severity Levels .......................................................................................................................... 8 12.3 Clasification of the Indications ................................................................................................... 9 13 RESULTS INTERPRETATION .............................................................................................................. 10 14 INDICATIONS RECORD ..................................................................................................................... 10 15 DEMAGNETIZATION ......................................................................................................................... 10 16 CLEANING........................................................................................................................................ 10 17 INSPECTION REPORT ....................................................................................................................... 12 17.1 Annex I:Inspection Report Template ........................................................................................ 13 17.2 Annex II (For Information only): Reference Pictures. Linear indications (SM) .............................. 15 17.3 Annex III (For Information only): Reference Pictures. Linear and aligned indications (LM and AM) 17RECORD OF CHANGES1INTRODUCTIONThis specification is applicable to any casting component requiring Magnetic Particles inspection for its acceptance.1.1SCOPEThis specification defines the procedure and severity levels for the inspection of cast iron and ferromagnetic cast steels components using magnetic particles technique (whatever it is the casting technique).This specification covers the inspection procedures and acceptance criteria to be fulfilled by any casting, forging, rolled and welded product supplier. Inspection areas are not covered by this specification. These can be found in the part specification.2REFERENCES2.1NORMATIVE REFERENCESThe following documents are invoked as part of this specification and must be fulfilled to the extent defined. Unless specifically over-ruled by the inclusion of a date, or an issue letter or code, the latest issue shall always apply.3PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONNDT-Personnel of the supplier must be qualified to one of the following certification standards: ∙SNT-TC-1A∙EN 473Gamesa Quality Assurance shall have access at any time to the NDT-Personnel qualifications.Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica (GCT) requires level II NDT personnel.Gamesa Quality deptartment shall investigate the documentation for qualifications before the work is commenced.4SAFETY CONDITIONSTest by means of magnetic particles can require the use of toxic, inflammable and (or) volatile products. In this case, the zone of work must be ventilated and properly away from the source of heat and flames. It is convenient to avoid the prolonged or repeated contact of the skin and mucous with detection products and contrast paints.Test materials must be according to instructions of the manufacturer. At any moment, the national standard of security, accident prevention must be fulfilled in relation to electricity, dangerous substance manipulation and protection of people and the surrounding environment.In case of UV-A source use, it is necessary to make sure that the filtered radiations of the UV-A source do not impact directly at the eyes of the operator. The UV-A filters must be kept in good conditions, independently of being integral to the source or separated.5SURFACE PREPARATIONZones to be inspected by magnetic particles must be dry and free of dirty, oil, grease, oxide particles, slag products and any other product that could have an effect in the sensitivity of this test.Surface conditions described above can be reached by means of detergent, organic solvent, cleaner, sand blasting, vapor grease remover, etc.Quality surface requirements depend on the size and orientation of the discontinuities to be detected. The surface shall be prepared properly in order to be able to detect all the relevant indications considering the possibility to machine or grind the surface to separate false from relevant indications, due to the fact that irregularities could cover an indication of a possible defect.Non magnetic surface coatings up to 50μm (0,05 mm) thickness, such as continuous adherent paint systems (without cracking), usually do not modify detection sensitivity. Thicker coatings reduce it dramatically, so it is necessary to check out the level of sensitivity.There must be contrast enough between the indications and the surface to be inspected. When using white light (non fluorescent technique), it can be necessary the use of adherent, uniform paint (varnish) with approved contrast. If the magnetization electrode technique is used, all no conducting material must be removed from the contact areas.6MAGNETIZATION6.1GENERAL CONDITIONSMinimum induction in the component shall be at least 1T. Flux density is obtained by a relatively high permeability and a tangential magnetic field of 2kA/m.The test shall be performed using the continuous method, namely, the magnetic field shall be applied by the time the particles are drop on the component, and the excess removed.In case that flaws or any other discontinuity are susceptible to orient themselves in a particular direction, when possible, the magnetic flux shall be oriented in such a particular direction.It can be considered that the magnetic flux is effective, if allows to detect discontinuities with an orientation no higher than 60º with the optimum sensitivity direction. It can be then obtained a complete coverage performing the magnetization of the surface in two perpendicular different directions (maximum deviation ≤ 30º).Test shall be carried out overlapping consecutive positions in order to guarantee that 100% of the surface is covered.1 Directions of the magnetic field2 Optimum sensibility3 Sensibility decrease.4 Low sensibilityα Angle between the magnetic field and the indication direction.αmin. Angle for indications detection.αi Example of indication orientation.Figure 1. Directions of detectable indications.6.2MAGNETIZATION TECHNIQUESTo carry out the magnetization process an alternating current PORTABLE ELECTROMAGNETS (Yoke) will be used.Both poles of the alternating current electromagnet are placed in direct contact with the component to test, producing a magnetic field between both poles. The area of each component, near by each pole is not possible to test due to the high magnetic field intensity. It must be ensured a complete coverage of areas to be inspected.Equipment supplier must provide all necessary technical data (recommended distance between poles, poles cross section measurements, wave shape, current control method and wave shape, maximum current flow time, dimensions, weight, etc.)Electromagnets (yokes) must comply with the following requirements at room temperature 30ºC and working at maximum power.❑Cycle coefficient………≥ 10%❑Current flow time.......... ≥ 5s❑Handle surface temperature…. ≤40 ºC❑Tangencial field Ht at Smax...... ≥ 2 KA/m (RMS).❑Rise force……..≥ 44 N (*)(*) To lift up 4.5 kg it is required an elevation force of approximately 44N.Electromagnets must be equipped with a power switch on / off, if possible mounted on the handle.Other techniques can be applied (current flux between electrodes, fix equipment, coils, central conducting or adjacent, etc.) and current (continuous, rectified), if previously agreed with GCT.6.3MAGNETIZATION CHECK OUTThe easiest way for checking out magnetization is to control a test component with small discontinuities made artificially or naturally in the most critical zones. In the absence of these specimens, it can be used any other method based on the stated principles.7UV-A RADIATION SOURCESIt can be carried out the test with UV-A radiation (between 315nm and 400nm) using a source with a maximum nominal intensity of 365nm.Radiation shall be measured in working conditions, on the testing surface, using a UV-A radiometer.Measurement shall be carried out once the intensity of the lamp is constant (no less than 10 minutes after switch it on).The supplier of the source must provide all the necessary technical data (surface temperature in the UV-A radiation housing, after 1 hour time, cooling system, electrical requirements, dimensions, weight, irradiated area at 400mm from the source, irradiance after 15 minutes; 220 hours, luminance after 15 minutes; 220 hours, etc.)UV-A sources must satisfy minimum requirements listed below at a room temperature of 30ºC❑Filter resistant to splashes of the detection media.❑Protection against the dangers caused by portable units when in stand by position.❑UV-A Irradiance at 400mm from the source............... ≥ 10 W/ m❑Luminance at 400mm form the source............... ≤ 20 lx❑Surface handle temperature ............. ≤ 40º C8MAGNETIC PARTICLESMagnetic particles to be used shall be applied in wet conditions (in a suitable carrier solution, previously shaked to mix up and provide a homogeneous particle – liquid suspension).High permeability and low retentivity particles shall be used with suitable size and shape for the procedures and techniques used for the evaluation. Magnetic particles colour will contrast properly with the surface to be tested.GCT suggests using fluorescent magnetic particles in wet conditions. GCT must approve the use of any other kind of magnetic particles.Magnetic particles suspension can be obtained directly mixed to use or made up using concentrate products, including powders and solid solutions.Magnetic particles shall be applied so that they produce an uniform and light coverage on the surface to be tested, while the magnetization current is set up.After magnetic field application and before switching off the electrical current, remaining particles shall be removed without distortion of the particles that contribute to the indication on the discontinuity.9CALIBRATIONAll the equipment for work (yoke, etc.) and measurement (white light luxometer, UV-A radiometer, etc.) used for the test must be officially calibrated and the corresponding information to disposition of GCT if it is required.10VISUAL INSPECTION CONDITIONSBefore coming up with the procedure of inspection, a visual inspection shall be performed all over the surface to test. When it is difficult to do so, magnetic equipment or specimen can be moved in order to have a clear access to the whole component. Special attention must be paid in order to avoid the modification of the indications previously detected and registered.10.1COLOURED PRODUCTSWhen using coloured products:a)It is necessary a good contrast between the detection product and the tested surface;b)Surface to be tested must be lighted using natural or artificial white light (it is not allowed the use ofmonochromatic sources such as sodium lamps), avoiding shine or reflection and using a level of luminance higher than 500lx (lux).10.2FLUORESCENT PRODUCTSWhen using fluorescent products for detection purposes, examination zone must be dark up to 20lx as a maximum illumination level. Examination area must be illuminated using UV-A. UV-A energetic illumination must be at least 10 W/m2(1000 W/cm2) measured on the surface to be tested. A higher level of UV-A luminance allows the use of white light intensity proportionally higher, always considering that it is necessary to have a clear contrast between the indications and the surface subjected to evaluation.Enough time must spend before the test in order that eyes become accustomed to the reduction of ambient illumination.Ultraviolet lamp shall be switched on some time before (usually 5 minutes or what stated by the manufacturer) before using, in order to guarantee a suitable level of radiation.It is not allowed the use of photochromatic glasses when working with UV-A light, because when exposed to this radiation can become dark and this effect could reduce the capacity to detect discontinuities in people wearing these glasses.11GLOBAL BEHAVIOUR CONTROL (PERFORMANCE)Before beginning the test, it is recommended to do a global behavior control (performance) of the used method. That is useful to bring up anomalies in both operational method, magnetization technique, or in the detection instrument.The most reliable test to perform is that to be done on a representative sample having natural or artificial discontinuities with previous knowledge of location, type, dimensions and distributions. Control samples have to be demagnetizes and be exempt of indications previously done in other test.In absence of production samples with real known discontinuities, artificial samples can be made up with defects, for instance a cross magnetic flux indicator or a similar one as it is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2. Magnetic Particles field indicator according to ASME V, article 7, T-727.12 DEFINITIONS AND INDICATIONS CLASSIFICATIONSpecial attention must be paid in order to separate real indications from the false ones, for example those corresponding to scratches, section changes, limit between zones with different magnetic properties or magnetic written.It is necessary to take control and define the procedures to identify and remove, if possible, the source of these false indications.Discontinuities usually observed in cast components are defined in Table 1 and are reviewed with symbols (A, B, C, D, E, F, or H). These discontinuities can give to indications, magnetic diagrams or groups of indications all over the surface. These indications can all be of different types.inspection.12.1 DEFINITION OF INDICATIONSIndications corresponding to different discontinuities when testing using magnetic particles technique may have different shape and size. In order to distinguish between indications and discontinuities it is useful the use of a relationship between length, L, and width, W./ Pieces of low carbon steel welded/ Non metallic handle with adequate length/ Artificial defect between all pieces/ Copper piece12.1.1Non linear Indications (SM)Indications are considered to be non linear if length, L, is lower than three times width, W.12.1.2Linear Indications (LM)Indications are considered linear if length, L, is equal or higher than three times width, W.12.1.3Aligned Indications (AM)Indications are considered to be aligned in the following cases:a)Non linear Indications: Distance between indications is lower than 2 mm, and at least, threeindications are observed.b)Linear Indications: Distance between two indications is lower than length, L, of the biggerdiscontinuity aligned.Aligned indications are considered as a simple indication. Its length is equal to the total length, L, of the corresponding alignment (see Figure 3).Length L, is the distance between the starting point of the first indication and the ending point of the last discontinuity L l ₁ + l ₂ + l ₃ + l ₄ + l ₅Figure 3. Example of total length for aligned indications.12.2SEVERITY LEVELSSeverity levels are fixed as a reference scale and are defined as a function of the indications.12.2.1Non Linear IndicationsFor non linear indications, severity levels are defined (see Table 2) using the following criteria:a)Length (largest dimension), L1, of the smaller indication taken into account.b) When possible to perform, maximum total surface of the indications detected in a given area(rectangle of 105 mm x 148mm).c)Maximum Length, L2, of the observed indications.12.2.2Linear and aligned indicationsIn case of linear or aligned indications, severity levels (see Table 3) are defined as follow:a)Length (largest dimension), L1, of the larger indication that has been considered.b)Maximum length, L2, of the linear and aligned observed indication.c)The sum of lengths of each linear or aligned indication, within a 105mm x 148mm rectangle, thatexceeds the length L1.12.2.3Severity Level SelectionSeverity level can be chosen from Tables 2 and or 3 and, when necessary, from the reference pictures that appear in annex II and III. Reference pictures are taken 1:1 scale and are included herein as an example.Table 2 and Annex II are referred to non linear indications (isolated) (SM).Table 3 and Annex III are referred to linear indications (LM) and aligned (AM).The selection of the reference picture depends on the section thickness.12.2.4Cross section thickness rangeThree different thicknesses are established for the cross section (see Table 3):a)t ≤ 16mmb)16mm ≤ t ≤ 50mmc)t > 50mmBeing t the section thickness.12.3CLASIFICATION OF THE INDICATIONSTo classify a discontinuity indication, it is necessary to place a 105mm x 148mm rectangle profile is the most critical zone, that is in the zone where high severity level indications appear.12.3.1Non Linear IndicationsJust consider indications having lengths larger than L1 (see Table 2).The sum of the areas of each one of the indications must be calculated (if the surface of the casting is smaller than the reference surface, area of the indications must be proportionally reduced).Length of the indications must be measured.The level of the indications (SM) shall be carried out according Table 2.Note: Only values defined in this Table are valid and reference pictures are just included for information (see Annex II).Table 2. Severity Levels in magnetic particles inspection for isolated non linear indications.12.3.2Linear and aligned indicationsLength L of the isolated indications larger to the minimum length defined by the required severity level must be measured. The sum of the indications within a rectangle of 105mm x 148mm must be carried out.The thickness of the section, t, must be measured in the zone in which inspection is performed.The level of indications LM and AM must be determined with the help of Table 3.The sums of the lengths of the linear and aligned indications that are higher than the minimum length are to be measured, and the result must be compared with the specified "accumulated" length in Table 3.Some of the severity levels defined in Table 3 are illustrated in the same reference picture, shown in Table 4. In some cases, the equivalence with the picture is just approximate due to slightly differences in parameters showed in Table 3. In these cases, equivalences are indicated using 1) mark in Table 4.12.3.3Reference PicturesReference pictures that correspond to non linear indications, linear and aligned indications (see Table 2 and Table 3) are shown in Annex II and III, respectively.A real picture and a reference picture are considered to be equivalent when the same total surface has been detected for non linear indications and/or the same length for linear or aligned indications.13RESULTS INTERPRETATIONCast components tested according to this specification are considered SUITABLE (ACCEPTABLE) if discontinuities correspond to a level equal or lower than that stated as reference.14INDICATIONS RECORDAcceptable indications are not to be recorded unless otherwise specified directly by GCT.Indications must be recorded in such a way that they are completely defined in both characteristics (type, dimensions, etc.) and location.Record shall consist of sketches, drawings or photography. Other recording media could be used if previously agreed with GCT.15DEMAGNETIZATIONIn all cases in which the remaining magnetism could interfere with the following processes or applications this element must be demagnetized once the test has been finished, using suitable techniques to reach a minimum value of residual magnetism in the component.a)Demagnetization requires the use of an decreasing alternating magnetic field equal or higher thanthe one used for the magnetization.b)Components previously magnetize using continuous current require the use of low frequency currentor alternating change with continuous current.c)Demagnetization is necessary before carrying out the control when the level of residualmagnetization is so that any adherent fillings, opposite flow or false indications can limit the effectiveness of the control.16CLEANINGWhen necessary, after the control and acceptance, all the components must be cleaned to eliminate the detection product.Note: Only values defined in this Table are valid and reference pictures are just included for information (see Annex III).Table 3. Severity levels in magnetic particles inspection for linear (LM) andaligned indications (AM).1⁾Table 4. Linear indications (LM) and aligned (AM).17INSPECTION REPORTInspection report must include at least the following information:a)Name and address of the organism performing the inspection and the location where it was carriedout.b)Name and address of the manufacturer.c)Name and address of the customer.d)Data referent to the component inspected (reference, number, etc.)e)Examination procedure and section defining acceptance criteria.f)Surface conditions of the component.g)Instrumentation used for the test and reference.h)Electrical current characteristics.i)Type and color of the particles (brand and reference).j)Sketch with detected indications.k)Interpretation and evaluation of indications.l)Test Date.m)Name, qualification level and sign of personnel performing the inspection.Title: Magnetic Particles Inspection in Cast Iron 17.1ANNEX I:INSPECTION REPORT TEMPLATE17.2ANNEX II (FOR INFORMATION ONLY): REFERENCE PICTURES. LINEAR INDICATIONS (SM) All reference pictures in this section are just for information purposes and must be used in the appropriate scale 1:1.10 mmFigure B.1 – Severity level SM 1.10 mmFigure B.2 – Severity level SM 2.10 mm Figure B.3 – Severity level SM 3.10 mm Figure B.4 – Severity level SM 4.10 mmFigure B.5 – Severity level SM 5.17.3ANNEX III (FOR INFORMATION ONLY): REFERENCE PICTURES. LINEAR AND ALIGNEDINDICATIONS (LM AND AM)All reference pictures in this section are just for information purposes and must be used in the appropriate scale 1:1.10 mmFigure C.1 – Severity level LM 1a or AM 1a.10 mmFigure C.2 – Severity level LM 1b o AM 1b [LM 2a* - AM 2a*].* Comparable with other levels.10 mmFigure C.3 – Severity level LM 1c o AM 1c [LM 2b* - AM 2b* or LM 3a* – AM 3a*].10 mmFigure C.4 – Severity level LM 2c o AM 2c [LM 3b* - AM 3b* or LM 4a* – AM 4a*]. * Comparable with other levels.10 mmFigure C.5 – Severity level LM 3c o AM 3c [LM 4b* - AM 4b* or LM 5a – AM 5a*].10 mmFigure C.6 – Severity level LM 4c o AM 4c [LM 5b* - AM 5b*].* Comparable with other levels.10 mmFigure C.7 – Severity level LM 5c o AM 5c.。
4.5 NDT Procedure无损检测
4.5NDE Procedure无损探伤程序I．X-Ray X光探伤1.1 Documents Compliance 依据文件1) GB 3323 –87 “ Radiography and Quality Classifications for Steel Fusion ButtWeldingGB 3323 –87 “”钢熔融焊的射线探伤及质量等级“2) Q/HSG 09.03 –1995 “ Non Destructive Test Supervision and Regulations”Q/HSG 09.03 –1995 “无损探伤管理及规定“1.2 Personnel Qualifications 人员资格1) All people engaging in the NDT operation and inspection shall be qualified withthe valid certificates issued by Boiler & Pressure Vessel ExaminationDepartment of China Labor Ministry, and the certified items and grades shall becorresponding to the jobs to be involved in the project.参与无损检测的人员应持有中国劳动部签发的有效资格证书并且合格项目内容及等级符合其所参与的该项目中的工作。
2) As a minimum, 1 qualified NDT supervisors with RT-II Grade shall be assignedfor NDT operation and inspection.至少应派1名有二级射线探伤证的探伤监督员来从事无损探伤的操作和检验工作。
1.3 NDT Operation and Supervision 无损探伤操作及监督1) The welds subject to radiography examination shall be visually examined at first,then only the acceptable welds can be allowed for radiography examination.Prior to the examination, the piping engineer will provide the request for NDTand define the locations of welds for examination. The quality inspector shallfinalize the welds in random as per the percentage required in the Owner’stechnical specification, and he shall sign the Radiograph Examination RequestForm, which will be submitted to NDT Inspector.要进行射线检验的焊缝首先应进行外观检验，检验合格的焊缝方能进行射线检验。
无损检测操作规程
无损检测操作规程一、引言无损检测（Non-Destructive Testing，简称NDT）是一种用于检测材料和构件缺陷的技术手段，它能够在不破坏被检测物体的情况下，通过测量各种物理量的变化，判断被检测物体的完整性、可用性和可靠性。
本操作规程旨在提供无损检测操作的准确性和可靠性，以便保证工作质量和人员安全。
二、检测仪器与设备准备1. 确保所需的无损检测设备（如超声波探伤仪、涡流检测仪、射线照相机等）完好，并依据相应的国际和国家标准进行校准和检定。
2. 检查设备的电源、探头、传感器等部件是否正常工作。
3. 确保所需的辅助设备（如灯具、标记材料、保护措施等）已准备就绪。
三、操作流程1. 准备工作a. 事先了解被检测对象的相关信息，包括材料、尺寸、表面状态等。
b. 根据被检测对象的特点选择合适的检测方法和设备。
c. 对检测区域进行清理，确保能够获得准确的检测结果。
2. 检测准备a. 对检测设备进行参数设置和校准，确保其适应被检测对象的特征。
b. 对被检测对象进行表面处理，如除锈、去污等。
c. 为检测区域标记参考线，以便后续的测量和分析。
3. 检测操作a. 按照预定的检测方案和流程进行检测操作。
b. 确保操作规程的合理性和安全性，遵循职业道德和操作规范。
c. 根据被检测对象的特点和检测要求，灵活选择适当的检测技术和方法，如超声波、涡流、射线等。
d. 进行实时的检测记录，准确记录检测参数、测量数值和观察结果。
4. 检测结果分析a. 对检测数据进行整理和分析，判断被检测对象的完整性和可用性。
b. 针对检测结果，制定相应的评定标准和控制措施。
c. 对检测结果进行汇报和记录，确保留存以备后续分析和查阅。
五、安全措施1. 在进行无损检测操作时，必须穿戴符合相关安全规定的个人防护装备，如防护服、手套、护目镜等。
2. 操作人员必须熟悉无损检测设备的使用方法和应急处理措施，以避免事故的发生。
3. 在进行辐射源射线照相检测时，应遵循辐射安全操作规程，同时保证周围人员的安全。
无损探伤操作流程
无损探伤操作流程Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a critical process for ensuring the safety and reliability of industrial equipment and infrastructure. 无损探伤（NDT）是确保工业设备和基础设施安全可靠性的关键过程。
It involves the use of various testing methods to inspect materials and components for defects without causing damage to the structure or performance of the item being tested. 它涉及使用各种测试方法来检查材料和零部件的缺陷，而不会对被测试物品的结构或性能造成损害。
One of the most common NDT methods is ultrasonic testing, which utilizes high-frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws in a wide range of materials, including metals, composites, and plastics. 最常见的NDT方法之一是超声波检测，它利用高频声波来检测包括金属、复合材料和塑料在内的各种材料中的内部缺陷。
The operation process of ultrasonic testing typically consists of several key steps. 超声波检测的操作流程通常包括几个关键步骤。
The first step is to prepare the testing equipment and the surface of the material to be inspected. 第一步是准备测试设备和待检材料的表面。
无损检测作业指导书
无损检测作业指导书一、背景介绍无损检测（Non-Destructive Testing，NDT）是指在不破坏被测对象完整性的前提下，利用各种技术手段和设备对其进行检测、测量、评价或判定的一种方法。
在工业领域中，无损检测被广泛应用于材料、构件和设备的质量检测、安全评估和性能监测，以确保生产和运营过程的安全和可靠。
无损检测作为一项关键技术，对从航空航天到能源和化工等各个领域的工业生产和产品质量有着重要影响。
本作业指导书旨在为相关从业人员提供一份详细的无损检测作业指南，以确保检测工作的质量和准确性。
二、作业前准备1. 熟悉被测对象：在进行无损检测之前，必须对被测对象有足够的了解，包括其构成、制造工艺和使用条件等。
这将有助于选择合适的检测方法和设备，以及准确评估结果。
2. 熟悉检测方法和设备：根据被测对象的特点，选择适合的无损检测方法和设备。
熟悉这些方法和设备的原理、操作步骤和注意事项，以确保正常进行检测工作。
3. 检测区域准备：清理被测对象的表面，确保其干净、无油污和杂质。
必要时，使用适当的清洗剂进行清洗。
另外，确保检测区域的通风良好，以便于操作和排除可能的风险。
4. 确定检测参数：根据被测对象的性质和要求，确定适当的检测参数，如波长、频率、电流功率等。
这将有助于获取准确的检测结果，并快速发现可能存在的缺陷。
三、作业步骤1. 根据被测对象的特点和要求，选择适当的无损检测方法，如超声波、射线、涡流、磁粉等。
了解每种方法的原理、优缺点，并根据实际情况进行选择。
2. 根据选择的无损检测方法，准备相应的设备和工具。
确保设备的正常工作状态，如电源供应、传感器的校准和标定等。
3. 在检测之前，对被测对象进行必要的预处理。
例如，清洁表面，移除可能影响检测效果的覆盖物和污垢。
4. 根据检测要求，将传感器或探头与被测对象适当接触或定位。
确保传感器的位置和角度与被测对象的几何形状和缺陷类型相匹配。
5. 开始无损检测，按照预定的检测规程和流程进行操作。
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一、The delegate of NDT无损检测的委托Need to be detected according to the drawings or technical documents, materials, parts or products, must after appearance quality inspection, nondestructive testing orders will be completed by the clients, after the client inspectors signature confirmation, I conduct nondestructive testing department test.Orders of NDT testing on the basis of nondestructive testing personnel, is my company commissioned, after carefully review orders, once found the problem, should be timely feedback to the entrusted departments or personnel. Review highlights include checking the product number, name, were, detection methods, detection ratio, entrusted by the qualified level is conformed to the drawings, standards and specification requirements.根据图样或技术文件要求，需检测的材料、零部件或产品，必须经外观质量检查合格后，由委托方填写无损检测委托单，经委托方检查人员签章确认后，交我公司无损检测部门实施检测。
无损检测委托单是我公司无损检测人员检测的依据，接受委托后，要认真审查委托单，一旦发现问题，应及时向委托部门或人员反馈信息。
审查重点包括核对产品编号、名称、台次、委托的检测方法、检测比例、合格级别等是否符合图样、标准及规范要求。
二、The prepare of NDT无损检测的准备Should be fully prepared before implementation of nondestructive testing. Mainly has the following three aspects:1, nondestructive testing personnelAccording to the requirement of the nondestructive testing orders, arrange testing has the corresponding qualification of NDT personnel.2, instruments and equipment calibrationNondestructive testing instruments and equipment shall meet the requirements of the product's nondestructive testing, and by class II or class II above personnel in accordance with the provisions of Calibrate the instrument and equipment, in order to ensure the accuracy of the instruments and equipment used, to ensure the quality ofnondestructive testing.3，test process cardAccording to the tested product pattern, the welding procedure specification and blanking layout diagram, the class II or class II above of nondestructive testing personnel for nondestructive testing process card, the NDT engineer or level III personnel after the audit implementation of nondestructive testing personnel.实施无损检测前，应做好充分准备。
重点有以下三方面：1、无损检测人员根据无损检测委托单的要求，安排具有相应无损检测资格的人员进行检测。
2、仪器、设备校验无损检测仪器设备应满足产品无损检测的要求，并由II级或II级以上人员按规定对仪器设备进行校验，以保证仪器设备的使用精度，进而保证无损检测质量。
3、检测工艺卡的编制根据受检产品的图样、焊接工艺规程和下料排版图，由II级或II级以上无损检测人员编制无损检测专用工艺卡，经无损检测责任工程师或III级人员审核后交无损检测人员实施。
三、The implementation of NDT无损检测的实施1, the requirements for testing surfaceEvery need to nondestructive testing of surface quality, should be through to the appearance inspection, issue orders, the entrusted all can implement the detection.2, review on the surface of detectionAfter receiving orders, nondestructive testing personnel or professional responsible for personnel according to orders for the surface quality of test parts one by one check, confirmed by the review, after having confirmed before testing. Do not conform to the requirements, if any, shall be timely feedback to the client for processing and qualified nondestructive testing of the reentry after.3, conduct checked parts testAccording to the order of test parts and test methods, inspection personnel should be according to the requirement of the test procedure and process card instrument andequipment debugging, testing and evaluation, record test conditions, test results and draw parts diagram, and completes the NDT tag on workpiece,4, repair and the reinspection do not coincideIn the process of nondestructive testing, such as when he found the defects of the checked parts have not allowed, by class II or class II above the delegate nondestructive testing personnel issued a notice of repair, approved by detecting the responsibility division, pay to the tissue repair. After repair, the client to check the quality of the repair parts of the surface after confirm qualified, check bar in the original notice of repair repair sign, pay by the entrusting party NDT department according to the original detection method for testing. To test the local weld defects have not allowed, there should be on both ends of the flaw extension part of the expansion agent.1、对检测表面的要求凡需进行无损检测的表面质量，应经委托方外观检查合格，签发委托单，受委托方方可实施检测。
2、对检测表面的复查接到委托单后，无损检测人员或专业负责人员要根据委托单对被检部位的表面质量逐一复查，经复查确认无误后，方可进行检测。
如有不符合要求的，应及时反馈给委托方重新进行处理，合格后再进行无损检测。
3、对被检部位实施检测根据委托单规定的检测部位和检测方法，检测人员应按检测工艺规程和工艺卡的要求调试仪器设备，进行检测和评定，记录检测条件、检测结果和绘制检测部位示意图，并在工件上做好无损检测标记，4、返修和复验在无损检测过程中，如发现被检部位有不允许的缺陷时，由受委托方无损检测II级或II级以上人员开出返修通知单，经检测责任师认可，交委托方组织返修。
返修后，委托方对其返修部位的表面质量进行检查确认合格后，在原返修通知单返修检查栏签字，交受委托方无损检测部门按原检测方法进行检测。
对进行局部检测的焊接接头有不允许的缺陷时，还应在该缺陷两端的延伸部位扩探。