2007年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案

2007年四川大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案一、名词解释1 productivity(design feature of language)2 phatic function of language3 descriptive study of linguistics4 bilabial consonant5 minimal pairs6 morpheme7 inflection8 compound9 stem10 back-formation二、词汇题11 rational12 moral13 regular14 political15 effective16 human17 relevant18 legal19 proportionate20 resistible三、简答题21 How is the relation between sound and meaning classified?22 What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?四、分析题23 They are moving sidewalks.24 Tom said Marl would go yesterday.25 the synthetic buffalo hides26 the fat mayor's wife27 old man and women一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 By productivity,language is designed to make its users form and understand infinitesentences，most of which are never before produced or heard．【试题解析】本题考查语言的定义特点之一——多产性，答案从《语言学教程(第三版)》(胡壮麟主编)(以下简称《教程》)第7页可以找到，同时，考生也应掌握语言的任意性、二层性和移位性。

2 【正确答案】 Phatic function of language refers to the use of such small，seemingly meaninglessexpressions that help establish some atmosphere and maintain interpersonal relations withoutinvolving any factual content．【试题解析】本题考查语言的寒暄功能，答案可以从《教程》第12-13页总结。

同时，考生也应掌握语言其他功能的定义。

3 【正确答案】 Descriptive study of linguistics is a kind of linguistic study in which linguists just tryto describe and record the language rules to which the members of a language community actuallyconform and do not seek to impose upon them other rules．【试题解析】本题考查描写式语言学研究的定义，答案参照《教程》第20页。

同时，考生也应了解语言学研究的其他方法，如规定式，共时和历时等概念。

4 【正确答案】 Bilabial consonant refers to the consonant articulated with the two lips．【试题解析】本题考查双唇辅音的定义，答案参照《教程》第31页。

考生也应知道其他辅音与元音，以及发音器官和发音方法等概念。

5 【正确答案】 Minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language，which differ inonly one phonological element and have a distinct meaning such as”bit”and“bet”．【试题解析】本题考查进行音位研究中的重要概念最小对比对，参照《教程》第39页。

6 【正确答案】 Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship betweenexpression and content，a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying ordrastically altering the meaning，whether it is lexical o grammatical，e．g．good, in一，一ed,etc．【试题解析】本题考查形态学研究中的重要概念——语素，答案参照《教程》第61页。

7 【正确答案】 Inflection indicates grammatical relations by adding inflectional affixes，such asnumber,person，finiteness，aspect and case；and when inflectional affixes are added，the grammaticalclass of the stems(to which they areattached)will not change．For instance，car／cars，open／opened，boy／boy’s．【试题解析】本题考查形态学领域涉及的重要概念——曲折变化，答案参照《教程》第64页。

8 【正确答案】 Compound refers to those words that consist of more than one lexical morpheme，or theway to join two separate words to produce a single form，such as railway，sunrise，lap—top．【试题解析】本题考查构词法中的复合概念，答案参照《教程》第65页。

9 【正确答案】 Stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix canbe added，e．g．，friend-in friends，friendship—in friendships．【试题解析】本题考查语素类型中的词干定义，答案参照《教程》第63页。

同时，考生应能区分词干与词根等概念。

10 【正确答案】 Back-formation refers to an unusually abnormal type of word-formation where ashorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language．Forexample，editor／edit，enthusiasm／enthuse．【试题解析】本题考查构词法中逆构词法概念，答案参照《教程》第63页。

同时，考生应能灵活掌握其他类型的构词法，如新创法，混成法，缩写词，缩略语，类推构词及借词等。

二、词汇题11 【正确答案】 irrational12 【正确答案】 immoral13 【正确答案】 irregular14 【正确答案】 unpolitical15 【正确答案】 ineffective16 【正确答案】 inhuman17 【正确答案】 irrelevant18 【正确答案】 illegal19 【正确答案】 disproportionate20 【正确答案】 irresistible【试题解析】本题型旨在考查考生对词缀的灵活运用，比如能在所给词的基础上加上前缀、中缀或后缀，以期构成派生词。

在英语中，前缀与后缀使用较为广泛。

考生应在学习中不断总结词缀附加的方法和规律，这样，不仅可以学好词汇学的内容，同时也可以扩大词汇量。

考生尤其是要能够把握英语中常用的前、后缀，如表示否定的前缀dis-，un，in-(il-，im-，ir-)等，和表示名词的后缀-tion，一ment等。

三、简答题21 【正确答案】 The relation between sound and meaning can be classified in terms of arbitrariness and duality, two design features of language.By arbitrariness, we mean that there is no logical connection between sound and meaning, the two subsystems of language. But language is not absolutely arbitrary, there is a matter of convention existing between sound and meaning, e.g., onomatopoeia.By duality is meant the language property of having two levels of structures: meaningful units and meaningless segments(e.g. sounds).The only function of finite sounds is to combine with one another to form unitsthat having meaning, such as words, and with thousands of words we associateinfinite meanings with the help of some rules.【试题解析】本题通过音、意关系的探讨，考查考生对语言定义特征中的任意性和二重性的把握。

任意性认为语言的音、意间没有天然的联系，但同时也并不否定它们之间存在一定的规约性。