上海市金山区2017届高三一模英语卷
2017年上海中学高三英语练习卷一
高三英语练习卷一Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection A. Blank filling（10’）Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of ___21___（widely）held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder, even if it means ___22___（step）off the pavement into a busy street. If you ___23___ pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed ___24___ you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and then wait for it to dry.Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house---it will ___25___ bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole household. Moreover, ___26___ opening an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls ___27___ a Friday, whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to ___28___（originate）in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, ___29___ ___29___ they are often associated witchcraft（巫术）. It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path---although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is ___30___ of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never broken down, touch wood？”Section B（10’）Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be“Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been present in America since Europeans discovered a“new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a ___31___ society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers; in Letters from an American Farmer(1782) he wrote, “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered（无拘无束）and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where“the rewards of a man’s ___32___ follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and ___33___ national expansion into the western territories.Our national historical story is full of ___34___ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from ___35___ origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with his rags-to-riches tales. The ___36___ for success haunts （萦绕于）us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even ___37___ our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams can easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success ___38___ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in ___39___ symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, and eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe ___40___ in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection A Cloze（30’）Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.（A）The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of“a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, ___41___ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans ___42___ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were recruited and trained in coffee knowledge and ___43___ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma all ___44___ the“Starbucks Experience.”Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the“Starbucks Experience”, ___45___ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.___46___ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provide you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and ___47___ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been ___48___ to creating for its customers---a kind of“third place”where they can ___49___, reflect, read, chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the ___50___ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also ___51___ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging, the middle is black and white only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of ___52___: the visual warmth, hearing the way, smell the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think,through the huge glass windows,watching the crowded streets, ___53___ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the“Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the ___54___ life.But the ___55___ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41. A. customers B. managers C. people D. clients42. A. insured B. promised C. predicted D. ensured43. A. employment B. customer C. environment D. emergency44. A. consisted of B. contributed to C. benefited from D. headed for45. A. coming across B. making up C. going beyond D. depending on46. A. With regard to B. In addition to C. Compared with D. In terms of47. A. general B. group C. legal D. sound48. A. committed B. alerted C. subjected D. required49. A. negotiate B. escape C. conceal D. perform50. A. imagination B. inspiration C. patent D. philosophy51. A. conveys B. creates C. credits D. dultivates52. A. brand B. logo C. possession D. experience53. A. greedily B. gently C. persistently D. indifferently54. A. easy B. busy C. miserable D. energetic55. A. product B. essence C. importance D. vision（B）Whether it’s from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories can return repeatedly to the mind of us for our entire lives, But, what if science can ___56___ your bad memories so that you can start all over again? As is known to all, Memory is an incredibly complex____57___. While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is ___58___.In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering something, it's because the cells in your brain are being fired, ___59___ new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially ___60___ by proteins in the brain. So what if the proteins aren't available?Simply put, memories can't be made. Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming. ___61___, the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken. From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long-term memories for ___62___. You see, every single time you remember a memory, your brain is once again firing and rewiring.In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are physically changing that memory in your mind. And each time that memory is changed a little, reflecting your ___63___ thoughts. Remembering, to a great extent, is an act of ___64___ and imagination, which means that the more you reflect on old memories, the less accurate they will become. And scientists have actually quantified this change.After 9/11, hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day. A year later, 37% of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone ___65___. And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time, if you administer（服药）theprotein-preventing drug while recalling a memory, the memory can be ___66___ removed.To test this, scientists took lab rats and played sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock. After doing this for many times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound, a shock was soon to follow. ___67___, they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it. Months later, these rats would still ___68___ the noise. However, if they administered the drug first, the rats would lose the memory of the sound, and simply continue on. They had lost their memory of that specific noise.To be sure that the drug wasn’t just causing large-scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time. Both sounds would ware for a shock and ___69___ the mice would fear both. But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds, the mice would only forget that one tone, while still remaining ___70___ of the other. Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain.56. A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase57. A. range B. process C. idea D. structure58. A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex59. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building60. A. inspired B. stopped C. identified D. perfected61. A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example62. A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production63. A. terrified B. precious C. current D. previous64. A. terrified B. creation C. repetition D. reproduction65. A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing66. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently67. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead68. A. turn to B. respond to C. watch out D. turn down69. A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly70. A. suspicious B. careful C. painful D. fearful试卷二Section B: Passages（40’）Directions：Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B, C, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in LeLecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just onepicture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized. In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1. According to the author, the woman was probably_______.A. enjoying herselfB. losing her patienceC. waiting for the sunsetD. thinking about her past2. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A. The rich color of the landscape.B. The perfect positioning of the camera.C. The woman’s existence in the photo.D. The soft sunlight that summer day.3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.A. the need to be close to natureB. the importance of private spaceC. the joy of the vacation in ItalyD. the shared passion for beauty4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _________.A. a particular life experienceB. the pleasure of travelingC. the art of photographyD. a romantic encounter with a stranger（B）A Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in theLower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse are available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 pm.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30–minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.5. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A. Do homework and watch TV.B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C. Have meals and meet with friends.D. Add money to your ID and play chess.6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You can treat your friends to home-cooked meals in this Globe on weekends.B. The Wellness Centre offers medical services free of charge.C. You can go to the Writing Centre directly to get turoring for your language studies.D. If you feel depressed, you may seek medical help on campus.7. What’s the function of the TWU Express?A. To carry students to the lecture halls.B. To provide students with campus tours.C. To take students to the Mattson Center.D. To transport students to and from the stores.（C）Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people?According to a recent study by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person’s desirable weight. Since the figures for "desirable weight" have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage-even at 20 percent over-may be considerable.So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases.Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours aday in front of a TV set-along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack--and there’s a ear or two in every driveway."There is no commitment to obesity (肥胖) as a public health problem," said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. "We’ve ignored it, and blamed it on overeating and laziness."If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But what’s wrong blaming it on overeating and laziness? Ture, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins.Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway.As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well.Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can eliminate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.8. The author sets up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that______.A．the number of overweight people has astonishingly increased.B．people have a different idea about their desirable weight now.C．being overweight becomes a threat to people’s health.D．the overweight problem has long been studied.9. By saying“So are the attendant health risks,”the author means _____.A. America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problem.B. health risks resulting from being overweight are serious too.C. being overweight is classified as one of the health problems.D. people have also paid much attention to the possible health risks.10. What does William Dietz think of obesity?A. It should be treated as a public health problem.B. It should be attributed to laziness and overeating.C. It has much to do with nutritional problems.D. It has nothing to do with the overuse of cars.11. According to the author, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. The overweight problem has cost the nation much.B. Eating too much and exercising too little are the major causes of obesity.C. It’s a rather challenging task for Americans to lose weight.D. Many Americans are totally ignorant of the harm of junk food.12. In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone needs to ___.A. be taught to prevent gaining weightB. be educated to lose weight effectivelyC. seek help from consumer informationD. know what makes a healthy dinner.（D）In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the George that most people remember from their history books, a boy who was ashamed of chopping down his father’s favorite cherry tree, But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises（妥协）made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong--and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered（束缚）by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. ’The southern states would not have signed the Constitution（宪法）without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a term that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.13. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ______.A. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ____.B. demonstrate the great cruelty of slavery in his days.C. stress the important role of slaves in the entire U.S. historyD. reveal an unknown aspect of his life and introduce the topic.14. We may infer from the second paragraph that _____.A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B. In its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.D. Political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.15. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Some founding fathers benefited politically from slavery.B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D. Washington decided to free slaves due to moral considerations.（E）Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.17. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may______.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician。
上海市金山区2017届高三一模英语卷
金山区2016学年第一学期期末质量调研II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Rail-life adventures of two generationsWhen I was 17, I decided to go InterRailing with my friend Bella for a week in summer. Both of us had chosen to study German at university and we decided that train travel in Germany would be the ideal way (21) ______ (practice) the language.(22) ______ ______ ______ I told my mum, she began to give me tips (23) ______ (base) on her own InterRail experience in the 1970s.I would, she insisted, need (24) ______ extra-thick sleeping b ag “for when you sleep outside”.I would need to pack oatmeal, raisins and nuts and dried soup. She even suggested a camping stove.As she told tales of sleeping on train floors, on platforms, and even once in a barn, I began to get a little worried. (25) _______ had I let myself in for?In fact, my InterRail experience was quite different. Bella and I googled youth hostels. They were pretty basic—six people to a room, stale cereal for breakfast, no curtains—but fine. We never slept on a train once.My Int erRail trip was certainly not as economical as my mother’s. My ticket (26) ______ (cost) £187(1,954 yuan), and I spent £30 a day on cheap food and extra ticket supplements.But I met some (27) ______ (amaze) people on the trains, and practiced my German with everyone (28) ______ businessmen to artists.In my mother’s eyes I (29) ______ not have had a “real” InterRail experience—but I still had an adventure. I learned about other countries, other people and about myself.Bella and I argued over lost luggage, complained about each other --- and ended up even (30) ______ (good) friends than we had before.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.NINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33 and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shangh ai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television s t a t i o n.“T h r e e w e r e36 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since th e arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning.Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’ is quite popular in business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41 way to run a company. Here’re the main 42 : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers,and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comesat the expense of 44 understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but doesit really 45 up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46 for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That’s the 47 on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a 48 of a new studyby Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased.But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisionshas either 49 or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinionsare not shared. Other choices are 50 too easily. Aims never seem to be clear.51 , good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests 52 the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that．But decisions are only as good as the 53 go into them. By that measure, manyof today’s decisions are weak and could 54 some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of 55 , but it’s going to be tornto pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D.bright42. A. points B. matters C. solution D.barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timely D. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. explorationSection B(A)We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. That’s what I learnt from my new and special friend. On the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know.I looked around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed and enthusiastically responded, “Of course you may!” She gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in college at such a young innocent age?” I asked jokingly. “I alwa ys dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she replied. After class we walked to the Students Union building and shared a chocolate milkshake there. We became instant friends.Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends whenever she went. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football dinner. I’ll never forget what she taught us.“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow old. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets．”She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Song of Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics（歌词）and live them out in our daily life. At the year’s end, Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.56. What happened to the author on the first day of school?A．He joined the Student Union. B．He got to know an old professor.C．He made the acquaintance of an old lady. D．He had to share a milkshake with others.57. In the author’s eyes, __________.A．Rose was silent and skilled. B．Rose was talented and hardworking.C．Rose was innocent and generous. D．Rose was courageous and her words were inspiring.58. Which saying might Rose possibly support?A．Rome was not built in a day. B．One is never too old to learn.C．It is no use crying over spilt milk. D．Great minds think alike.(B)Become an Atlantis Jr. Aquarist and spend 3 days working with marine life! Food prepping to feeding the animals to snorkeling and learning about coral reefs, it’s a week of marine adventure!59. All the information is included in the advertisement EXCEPT________.A. camp hoursB. camp priceC. things to bringD. daily schedules60. The underlined phrase “subject to” is closest in meaning to ________.A. related toB. due toC. likely toD. depending on61. All the activities are included in the camp schedule EXCEPT ________.A. feeding marine lifeB. preparing food for animalsC. playing with sharksD. learning about coral reefs62. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. All attendees will check in and have a welcome dinner on the first day.B. All attendees must check out on the last day.C. The price covers all the expenses including accommodation.D. You can have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp.(C)Scientists have invented a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re wha t you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in your hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While the U.S. diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素). The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S.. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair is equivalent to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly equivalent to the movement of rain systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing（精确定位）, ” Cerling said. “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Told Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said,“But it narrows its way down for me.”63. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A. One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B. Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.C. A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.64. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink.” in Para.3?A. Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.B. Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C. Food and drink affect one’s personality development.D. Food and drink are similar to one’s existence.65. What is said about the rainfall in American’s West?A. There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B. The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C. Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D. It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A. It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.D. It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that (67) ___________The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68) ___________ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69) ___________Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70) ___________ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in t he morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.她经常在周末带她儿子去音乐会，让他受到艺术的熏陶。
上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)--老师版(全部带答案精准校对)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?So, it‘s the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow(枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn‘t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram(死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: ―If you organi ze five hours of study into one hour a day, you‘ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.‖Don‘t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, sugge sts that ―you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter(荧光笔) and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.‖Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there‘s no harm in indulging(放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet. The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‗katsu‘, meaning ‗winning‘.For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And in different parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‗lucky underwear‘.The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritious meal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!Keys:The best strategy to achieve good results in the exam is to study books early. According to experts, time management and self-testing in advance will also do you good. Furthermore,habitual psychological hint is helpful, too. Meanwhile, other factors such as necessary preparations, good sleep, nutritious diet and self-confidence can pay off your efforts as well. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Would it seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Me.The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald‘s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald‘s and every time an employee asked if he would like to ―super size‖ the meal, he had to agree. ―Super sizing‖ refers to the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald‘s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn‘t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.Spurlock says ―I‘d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ‘Next time I‘m not going to ―super size‖. Maybe I‘m not going have any junk food at all. I‘m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we‘re eating and have a relationship with each other.‘‖ Food for thought indeed.Keys:Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made adocumentary film later. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald‘s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities. The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studies have shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school than those with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, and participate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affect our health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today, though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what‘s good for us and what isn‘t, but usually this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same food often produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged to limit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studies say eggs are good for you. It‘s hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need to make many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free‘ milk? Tofu or chicken? It‘s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar. Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are often misleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple things can result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular again is one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit and vegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit and vegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The food also cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in thegarden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.Keys:Food choices affect health and behavior.However, it‘s not easy to make healthy ones.Because confusing/contradictory food informationand misleading food labels are making shopping difficult/a challenge. Urban gardening is a good way to making healthy food choices.Urban gardening also have other benefits: getting fresh and cheap food, a way of exercise and learning food knowledge for children. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.Keep up-to-date,however,doesn‘t have to be restricted to fr iends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists‘ work and to interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.Keys:Social networking sites benefit people in several different ways. Not only do they allow people to keep in close touch with friends old or new ,but they provide potential job opportunities and encourage online business promotion plus interaction.Moreover, they facilitate the organization of various events, connecting people with similar hobbies or preferences globally.(54words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that people learn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at the University of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than the other. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant they preferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life. However, it‘s still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked with Judith, points out, ―By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.‖That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delaware found that babies‘ brains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quickly come to prefer these faces, Schein says.It‘s well-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella. She is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. ―Perhaps average faces aremore attractive because they seem more familiar.‖Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of young adults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa. Apicella chose them for her experiment because they had not been exposed to Western culture and standards of beauty.She showed people from both groups two images and asked which was more attractive. One image was an average of five British faces or five Hadza faces. The other was an average of 20 British faces or 20 Hadza faces. People of both cultures preferred the face that was more average —that is, compiled from 20 faces instead of five. The British participants found both Hadza and British faces beautiful. The Hadza, in contrast, preferred only Hadza faces.―The Hadza have little experience with European faces and probably do not know what an average European face looks like,‖ Apicella concludes. ―If they don't know what it looks like, how can they prefer it?‖Her findings show how biology and the environment work together to shape our values. ―The prefere nce for average itself is biologically based,‖ Apicella says. But people must first experience other faces to learn what an average face should look like.Keys:Babies‘ preference to attractive faces indicates people begin to prefer pretty faces at an early age. Researches show average faces are more attractive because they are more familiar to people. Meanwhile, people‘s experience with faces matters a lot. The more people experience with certain faces, the more preference they will have to the average of these faces. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person‘s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Keys:There are three types of Loneliness.Temporary loneliness disappears quickly and can be neglected. Situational loneliness is caused by the change of circumstance, which may lead to problems.Chronic Loneliness lasts the longest and is harmful. The victims often feel hopeless. Loneliness is usually caused when people need more social contacts than they have. (53 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity alter an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates ourbrains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music provokes (激发)the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies dueto complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphin (内啡肽).Endorphins are the body‘s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother‘s womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. Al present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, day cares and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstreamtreatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. Sonext time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.Keys:Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness. Because our brain can be stimulated by responding to music, different kinds of music have different effects. The principle of music therapy is to increase the release of endorphins to produce effects to help treatment. Although music therapy is not used widely, it is regarded as an effective additional to treatment. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症)has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese.The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengershighlight the conflict betweenairlines‘ needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro,an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight was disrupted by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting in crew seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesityby insisting passengers of size buy two seats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which has become known as a ―fat tax‖). At first glance, the fat tax issue sounds discriminatory (歧视的), but some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do with the condition of the weight.The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their 50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn‘t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese people should be entitled to having certain rights protected.―We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it viol ates the Air Carrier Access Act governing the treatment of passengers with disabilities,‖ she says. ―The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.‖Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue in 2009, and issued a ‗one-person, one-fare‘ ruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those passengers include ones who are ‗clinically obese‘ and who cannot fit into a single seat.Keys:With the increasing obesity, airline one-size-fits-all seats can‘t satisfy the needs of obese passengers. To solve the conflict between airlines‘ needs and passenger rights, many airlines ask overweight passengers to pay more to fly, because a heavier plane burns more fuel. However, objectors think the disabled, including fat passengers, should be protected instead of being charged more. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy―We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes,‖ said James Watson. Watson is a molecular(分子的) biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective (有缺陷的) cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.Keys:Gene therapy, which prevents or cures disease by inserting healthy genes into defective cells rather than by means of surgery or medicine, is changing the treatment of disease revolutionarily. Though in the initial phases, gene therapy has been successful in treating both children and older patients with genetic disease. However, more research is called for to ensure its security. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would ―seriously consider‖ teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: ―I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.‖It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don‘t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here‘s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: ―I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.‖The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers‘ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in o ther professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Keys:Secondary schools in UK experienced difficulties recruiting young teachers. The reasons are low salary and kid‘s bad behavior, which push talents to business occupations with twice income. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline them at home. Also, government should increase teachers‘ income and promote a teaching campaign todisplay teaching‘s bright side. (60 words)/It is reported that many secondary schools in UK have trouble enrolling young teachers due to the low salary and the bad behavior of the youth in school. To change the situation, parents should be strict with the kids to back teachers up and the government are encouraged to improve teachers‘ income and publicize the positive image of teaching. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it‘s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you‘re ―hot‖. That‘s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: ―Get up, John! You‘ll be late for work again!‖ The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can‘t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you‘re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won‘t change your cycle, but you‘ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.Keys:Everyone has an energy cycle, which is individually different. When your body temperature reaches the peak, you‘ll feel most energetic. Though we can‘t change the cycle, we can form some habits to make our life fit better and avoid many conflicts with people. Additionally, getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save our energy. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Now another American education icon may be disappearing: the hardbound textbook. More and more school districts are replacing traditional textbooks with electronic ones. Electronic textbooks are usually accessed either through an online server or are downloaded to student laptops.In North Texas, Plano and Irving schools are introducing e-books into a few classrooms, and Lancaster school officials also are considering them. But no local district appears to be going as far as Forney. The district most likely would be the first in the state to use e-books in every classroom for grades five to twelve.Officials point out several reasons for turning to e-books. For one, they are easier to update. Thus the publishers are able to find ways to do online textbooks and they can go back and change information. Using e-books will better prepare students for college and the workplace.Rapid district growth is another reason. The number of the students in the district is expected to double within five years. It‘s difficult to know textbook needs in advance and some students wait months for their books. But e-books can be uploaded onto a ―blank‖ laptop in a few hours.Cost may eventually be a deciding cause for choosing e-books, but here are no big savings yet. Even if they get it electronically, they still have to pay for the book because they‘re buying the instructional material. That may change as more and more districts move towards e-books.Today‘s students have little trouble adjusting to laptops and e-books, said Connie Cooley, who has taught at the Academy of Irving ISD for five years. But she said it could worry teachers.―It‘s harder for people who are right around my age and older.‖ said Ms. Cooley, 36. ―I‘m。
2017上海高考英语试卷.pdf.doc
2017年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）Ⅰ.Listening ComprehensionSection A:Directions:In section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper and delete which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.The man should stop the program.B.The program is too difficultto learn.C.She can help the man learn the program.D.The man should keep learning the program.2.A.They like reading today's paper.B.They are interested in today’s paper.C.They found nothing interesting in today’s paperD.They have no idea what the paper is about.3.A.In a theater.B.In a concert.C.In a park.D.In anexhibition.4.A.Feed the dog B.Clean the dog's houseC.Give the dog a bath.D.find something to eat.5.A.Expensive B.Cheap C.unsuitable D.unnecessary6.A.Maths test B.English test.C.Biology test D.historytest7.A.Because he was in Chengdu.B.because the concert was held in Chengdu.C.because he was too tired to attend the concert.D.because the concert was not good enough8.A.He couldn’t help Mary.B.He could lend Mary his bicycle.C.Mary could ask someone else for help.D.Professor hanks would help Mary.9.A.Doctors should not lecture people about life stylesB.Doctors'own life styles are different from othersC.She doesn't t agree with the man.D.Doctors'lecture is of little use10.A.He likes watching instead of playing.B.He is a good team sports player.C.he doesn't like any kinds of sports.D.He likes taking part in team sports.Section BDirections:In section B,you will hear two passages and one longer conversation,after each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions,the passage and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions1l through13are based on the following talk.11.A.Buy some small bottles to hold shampoo.B.Collect samples of shampoo for holiday use.C.Take more clothes in case of emergency.D.Roll up clothes to save space and reduce wrinkling.12.A.put a lock on the suitcase.B.Take a plain case instead of an expensive one.C.Draw some symbols on the suitcase.D.Do not take a suitcase.13.A.How to keep yourself safe during a holiday.B.How to make the packing easier for a trip.C.How to keep yourself away from theft.D.How to make your suitcase simple and plain.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.It can increase the rate of learning and the likelihood of remembering.B.It can help gather related information.C.The information can be easily recalled during an actual debate.D.It makes remembering information difficult.15.A.Reading and thinking alone.B.Talking about a movie to friends.C.Writing down what they've read.D.Read the information loudly.16.A.Related information is put together logically.B.All the information is put together.rmation is related and can be recalled.D.You can recall any information anytime.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.Cutting down public water supply during part of a day in some cities.B.Ways to change the public toilet.C.Suggestions for the public to change their bathrooms.D.How to save water by making changes to the bathrooms.18.A.Change the e a water-saving shower head.C.Brush teeth once a day.e toilets as less as possible.19.A.6liters.B.10liters.C.20liters.D.16liters.20.A.How to use water when the public supply is cut.B.How to make the best use of water.C.Criticizing people for wasting water.D.How to protect water from pollution.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.In the presence of animalsA professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care.As far back as the1790s,the elderly at a senior citizens h’ome in England21__________(encourage)to spend time with farm animals.This would help patients’mental sate more than the cruel therapies22__________(use)on the mentally ill at the time.In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof23__________contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and has been shown24__________(lower)heart rate,calm upset children,and get people to start a conversation.Scientists think that animals companionship is beneficial25__________ animals are accepting and attentive,and they don’t criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social.For example,visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.Not only do people seem26__________(anxious)when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer.Studies show that a year27__________heart surgery,survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets intheir homes than those without pets.Elderly people with pets make fewertrips to doctors than those without animal companions,possibly because animals relieve loneliness.Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind,28__________(result)in a favourable environment for everyone.Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children.They are more easy-going when there are animals around,with29__________company they tend to calm down more easily.They involve30__________in playing with animals and the presence of animals conforms them greatly.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be use only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.suspected B.Fortunately C.invasions D.inevitable E.accustomedF.unreliableG.features H.acknowledged I.inclusion J.transferred K.InstantlyThe iPhone X,Apple’s new smartphone,is equipped with facial recognition.31______,its scanner can unlock the system.It requires no buttons to be pressed,being always ready to read your face.Android userscan expect similar32______as well.For the millions of people who will soon depend on facial recognition to check their email,send a text or make a call,it will be quick,easy and pretty “cool”to use.However,as we grow33______to the technology,we cannot become numb to the problems that come with it.Facial recognition is already used everywhere.In China,police use the technology to identify people who jaywalk(乱穿马路).In the United State, more than half of all adults are in a facial recognition database that can beused for criminal ernments,however,are not the only usersof facial recognition.Retailers use the technology in their stores to identify34______shoplifters.One social media app in Russia allows strangers to findout who you are just by taking a photo of you.However,different users of facial recognition produce different levels of accuracy.Camera distance,lighting,facial pose all affect the accuracy. Officials at the New York Police Department,for example,have35______at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system.If the iPhone’s new system is similarly36______,no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information.37______it probably won’t be.But formany of the systems elsewhere,mistakes and38______of privacy might be unavoidable.As the smartphone of choice for many users,the iPhone’s39______of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere.However,even as we choose to explore the convenience facial recognition might offer,we should also be suspicious of the many ways it can be used.Facial recognition may well be40______.Its risks need not be!III.Reading Comprehension(45%)Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to“do what you love.”But mastering a skill,even one that you deeply love,41___a huge amount of dull work.Anyone who want to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice,42___feedback,modification,and increasing improvement again,again and again.Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement.Yet others find this kind of focused,time-intensive work to be43___or boring.Why?The difference may turn on the ability to enter into a state of“flow,”the felling of being completely44___in what you are doing.Whether you call itbeing“in the zone,”or something else,a flow state is a special experience.Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the45___of flow in the1970’s,ithas been a mainstay of positive-psychology research.Flow states can happenin the course of any activity,and they are most common when a task haswell-defined goals and is at a(n)46___skill level,and where the individual isable to47___their performance to clear and immediate feedback.Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most48___entered into flowstates had an“autotelic personality(自带目的性人格)”dis—po a sition to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow.While those without such apersonality see difficulties,autotelic individuals see opportunities to buildskills.Autotelic individuals are receptive and open to new challenges.Theyare also49___and have low levels of self-centeredness.Such people,withtheir capacity for“disinterested interest”havae great advantage over othersin developing their innate abilities.Fortunately for those of us who aren’t51___blessed with an autotelic personality,there is evidence that flow states can be52___by environmentalfactors.53___,the learning framework prescribed by Montessori schoolsseems to encourage flow states.While there isn’t(yet)a pill that can turn mundane practice into athrilling activity for anyone,it is heartening that we seem,at least to some54___,to be able to nudge ourselves toward flow states.By giving ourselves unstructured,open-ended time,minimal55___,and a task set at a moderate level of difficulty,we may be able to love what we’re doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we love doing.41.A.inquiresB.requiresC.acquiresD.gains42.A.preventableB.maintainableC.sustainableD.critical43.A.frustratingB.encouragingC.concerningD.instructing44.A.improvedB.indicatedC.involvedD.inspired45.A.conceptB.receiptC.receptionD.condition46.A.alternativeB.appropriateC.approximateD.sufficient47.A.makeB.adoptC.adaptD.adjust48.A.fullyB.reallyC.readilyD.accidentally49.A.generousB.persistentC.courageousD.resistant50.A.addictB.advanceC.advantageD.admire51.A.necessarilyB.obviouslyC.graduallyD.occasionally52.A.forbiddenB.functionedC.fastenedD.facilitated53.A.In particularB.For exampleC.In conclusionD.In comparison54.A.intentionB.extentC.purposeD.intent55.A.temptationB.charmingC.attractionsD.distractionsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)The adaptation of books to the big screen is nothing new to our society. Books have become well-respected tools for creating a better Hollywood. However,films should be just as respected for their ability to create better writers.The main skill films help writers develop is attention to progress.Most directors and screenwriters know that the majority of people are not willingto sit through a five-hour film.Thus,every scene must have a purpose.This is a vital objective to keep in mind when writing a novel or short story.With most writing courses placing emphasis on literary techniques,it is easy to become more invested in diction than with actually moving the plot forward. Films remind the writer that while a novel ought to have some degree of literary complexity,the goal at the end of each chapter,page,or sentence is simple:keep the story moving.Films not only help writers develop a plot,but also help writers develop specific moments within their stories.Although writing a means of expression,not all things are easy to express in writing, especially facial expressions and emotions.Films allow writers to study thebodily and emotional actions that make characters read more realistically and make stories more tempting.Lastly,sometimes it takes a film to bring about a story idea in the first place.Stop using a horribly specific or extremely uninteresting prompt.A pleasing theme or aesthetic can be enough to inspire a character or setting. As writers,whether fiction or independent,our works often arise from the things we see around us or the thins we wish we could see.Nonetheless,our works also arise from the visuals that have been created for us.As literature continues to enter the film industry,perhaps we should make use of film techniques in our literature.56.reminded by films,a writer can move the plot forward by.A.keeping in mind that every word should mean something.B.providing a description of as many details as possible.C.paying attention to further enhancing literary complexity.D.choosing the perfect word to go with his/her thought.57.according to the passage,films help writers develop in many aspects except.A.getting an improved expressivenessB.focusing on keeping the story moving.plicating their thinking and life.D.bringing in inspiration for new works.58.the word“prompt”(paragraph3)probably means.A.a reason to write.B.a topic to start from.C.an excuse to put off working.D.an element to attract relationship.59.which of the following statements best represents the author’s thoughtsin this passage?A.book writers are the ones promoting the growth of the film industry.B.directors and screenwriters are more respected than fiction writers.C.writers should spend more time on wording rather than on other things.D.filmmaking technique could help book writers to improve themselves.(B)American AirlinesDate of Issue:233JAN10Ping Luo:Thank you for choosing American Airlines/American Eagle,a member of the one worldTM Alliance.Below is your journey plan for the ticket(s) purchased.Please print and keep possession of this document for use throughout your trip.Record locator:HPMDLHYou may check in and obtain your boarding pass for U.S.domesticelectronic tickets within24hours of your flight time online at e byusing /checkin or at a Self-Service Check-In machine at theairport.For faster check-in at the airport,scan the barcode at any AASelf-Service machine.Effective Februry1,American Airlines will be cashless onboard all fights.For in-flight purchases,we will accept CitiR/AAdvantageR MasterCardR andother major credit or debit cards only.Cashless cabins will not beimplemented onboard American Eagle and American Connectionflights----only cash will continue to be accepted onboard those fights.eTicketCarrier Flight num Departing Arriving Booking Cber City Dare&Time City Time odeAmerican4290NASHVILLE SUN31JA CHICAGO12:40PM QAirlines N11:05A OHAREMOPERATED BY AMERICAN EAGLEPing Luo Economy Seats9C Food for Purchase American4131CHICAGO SUN31JA MADISON3:25PM QAirlines OHARE N2:40PMOPERATED BY AMERICAN EAGLEPing Luo Economy Seats17C Food for Purchase60.The above document serves as.A.evidence of booked tickets.B.explanations of check-in policies.C.a reminder of airline regulations.D.an airline ticket and its confirmation.61.during his journey,Ping Luo will.A.fly non-stop to his destination.B.arrive in Chicago in the late afternoon of the same day.C.have to stay at CHICAGO OHARE airport for two hours.D.reach his final destination on the next day.62.according to the document,in order to check in at the airport faster,apassenger may.A.arrive at the airport far ahead of time.B.choose the seat in advance.e a self-service machine.D.contact the record locator online.(C)There are classes for the mothers of babies,but there’s no helping with your mum and dad growing old.Old people’s wards are hell for old people.Geriatric wards are bedlam and bonkers.A toothless woman screaming when left alone,a cry that reaches the high hospital ceiling.A woman effing and blinding----the polite curtain will not protect her from the indignity of a nappy change.A womanwho lives the same moment in repeat,dressed up for going home in a bright red,over the dressing grown,asking for the key to her house,saying over and over:“Am I going home today?”And though my mum,by the time she was released,knew that her life was charmed compared with the lives of the world’s refugees.It seems to me asif the plight of old people,while not a horrible as the plight of refugees, shares some of the horror.Just as we live in a society that hasn’t caught up with technology,the kind of moral choices it gives people,we also live in a world that hasn’t kept up with its ageing population.We have the advancesin medical science and technology that have kept people alive longer,but not the advances in how to treat our ageing population.Society is lagging behind the old,failing and falling.There are certain small but piercing similarities between the treatment of the old and the treatment of refugees.The old are often displaced from their homes,moved out against their will;decisions are often made for them thatthey have no say over.Often,they are treated as fools or halfwits,crowded together in one place,given clothes that don’t belong to them,treated as a fallen tribe,incapable of any individuality.Nobody imagined my mother wasa secretary of the Scottish peace movement,a primary teacher,a lifelong socialist,a witty woman.Out of hospital,my85-year-old mum said:”going into hospital at my age puts years on you.God save from old people’s wards. You never think of yourself as old.You look across the ward and think,am I like that?”63.the treatment of the old is compared of that of the refugees in order to.A.prove they have a lot in common.B.show the terrible status of the old.C.display their similarities and differences.D.indicate that old people have to leave their home.64.we can be inferred from the passage?A.refugees lead a better life than old male patients.B.old people are ill-treated due to their loss of individuality.C.the author’s mom is capable of teaching and being a socialist in the meanwhile.D.the treatment of the ageing population doesn’t develop as science advances.65.the author’s mom felt that life in the hospital.A.made her much older.B.created her a mature woman.C.enable her to look back at life.D.let her full of gratitude to children.66.the passage mainly discussed.A.the life of refugees and old people.B.social responsibility to old women.C.improper treatment of old people.D.preparing for ageing parents.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a propersentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note thatthere are two more sentences than you need.A.Clear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.B.Despite this,how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated.C.Food,especially livestock,also takes up a lot of roomD.In developed countries,vegetarianism would bring all sorts of environmental andhealth benefits.E.No matter how much their carnivorous friends might deny it,vegetarians have a p oint:cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits.F.Though a relatively small increase in agricultural land,this would more than makeup for the loss of meat.What would happen if the world suddenly went vegetarian? People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons.Some do itto relieve animal suffering,others are because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle.Still others are fans of sustainability or wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.67And the more who make the switch,the more those perks would manifest on a global scale.Jarvis and other experts at Colombia’s International Centre for Tropical Agriculture carried out researches to see what might happen if meat dropped off the planet’s menu overnight.First,they examined climate change.Food production accounts forone-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide,and the worst of responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry.68In the US,for example,an average family of four emits more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars–but it is cars,not steaks,that regularly come up in discussions about global warming.69Of the world’s approximately12billion acres of agricultural land,68% is used for livestock.Should we all go vegetarian,ideally we would give atleast80%of that pastureland(牧场)to the restoration of grasslands and forests,which would capture carbon and further alleviate climate change.The remaining10to20%of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply.70That’s because one-thirdof the land currently used for crops is dedicated to producing food for livestock–not for humans.Summary Writing：Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own wordsas far as possible.Learning by Rote in the Digital Age Rote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching.The dictionary defines learning‘by rote’as:‘from memory,without thought of the meaning;in a mechanical way’.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology.No one needs to memorize friends’phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically.And why remember when and where World War Two broke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about6seconds?But now there are voices for a need to returnto rote learning.In fact,memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill.Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of casesand laws.Of course,being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things,but without memorizing these foundation elements,you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While the internet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things,it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this styleof learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself-with flashcards or by repetition-is usually hard and boring work,which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilledinto them by teachers or parents.Rote learning without a willing third partycan be a battle of discipline and motivation.But mobile learning can makethose flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study;our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated,whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you’ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning,you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the wordsgiven in the brackets.1.李雷宁愿受罚也不愿说谎。
金山英语高考一模试卷
一、听力部分（共25小题，每小题1.5分，满分37.5分）Section A1. W: Hi, John! Are you ready for the English exam?M: Yes, I think so. I've studied hard for it.Q: What are they talking about?2. W: The weather is so hot today. Do you think we should take an umbrella?M: No, I don't think it will rain.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: I can't find my book. Do you know where it is?M: I think you left it on the table.Q: What is the woman looking for?4. W: How do you like your new job?M: It's interesting, but it's also challenging.Q: What does the man think about his new job?5. W: Have you seen my brother? He's not home yet.M: Yes, I saw him at the supermarket.Q: Where did the man see the woman's brother?Section B6. W: Can you help me with my homework?M: Sure, I can help you with it.Q: What does the man mean?7. W: I think I'll go to the gym after school.M: That's a good idea. It will help you stay healthy.Q: What does the man suggest?8. W: I can't find my phone. Do you know where it is?M: I think you left it in your bag.Q: What is the woman looking for?9. W: How was your vacation?M: It was great. I went to the beach and had a lot of fun.Q: What did the man do during his vacation?10. W: I'm going to study abroad next year.M: That's amazing. I wish I could do the same.Q: What does the man think about the woman's plan?二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）passage 1Last year, my family decided to go on a trip to the Great Wall of China. It was my first time visiting such a famous place, and I was excited to see it with my own eyes.We arrived at the Great Wall early in the morning. The sun was rising, and the sky was filled with beautiful colors. As we walked along the wall, we could see the mountains in the distance. The view was breathtaking.The Great Wall is an amazing engineering achievement. It's said that it took thousands of workers and many years to build. We learned a lot about the history and culture of China from our guide.I was amazed by the length and height of the wall. It's so big that it can be seen from space! We also visited a watchtower, where we could see the wall from above. It was an unforgettable experience.passage 2The Internet has become an integral part of our lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and do business. However, with great power comes great responsibility.One of the most significant advantages of the Internet is the ease of communication. We can now connect with people from all over the world in seconds. This has greatly facilitated global cooperation and understanding.Another advantage is the access to a vast amount of information. With just a few clicks, we can find information on any topic. This has made learning and research much more efficient.However, the Internet also has its drawbacks. One of the biggest issues is cyberbullying. Many people use the anonymity of the Internet to harass and intimidate others. This can have severe consequences on the mental health of the victims.Another problem is the spread of misinformation. With the ease of sharing information, it's difficult to discern between fact and fiction. This can lead to confusion and even panic.In conclusion, the Internet is a powerful tool that can bring many benefits. However, we must be responsible users and ensure that we use it for good purposes.passage 3Exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It not only improves physical fitness but also has numerous mental health benefits.Regular exercise can help reduce stress levels. When we exercise, our bodies release endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. This can help us feel more relaxed and happy.Exercise also helps improve our cognitive function. Studies have shown that regular physical activity can enhance memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. This is especially important for students who need to stay focused and productive.In addition to the mental health benefits, exercise is crucial for maintaining physical health. It can help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Regular exercise also strengthens bones and muscles, making us more resistant to injuries.However, it's important to choose the right type of exercise for our needs. Some people prefer cardio exercises, while others enjoy strength training or yoga. It's essential to find an activity that we enjoy and can stick to.In conclusion, exercise is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle. By incorporating regular physical activity into our daily routines, we can improve our overall well-being.三、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Many people believe that happiness is a goal to be achieved. However, happiness is not something that can be obtained through external means. Instead, it is an internal state that we can cultivate.The first step to cultivating happiness is to focus on the present moment. Often, we are too concerned about the future or regretting the past. By living in the present, we can appreciate the beauty of life and find joy in the small things.Another important aspect of happiness is gratitude. We often take for granted the things we have in life. By expressing gratitude, we can acknowledge the blessings we receive and appreciate them more.Additionally, practicing kindness and helping others can also contribute to our happiness. When we help others, we feel a sense of fulfillment and purpose. This can improve our self-esteem and overall well-being.However, happiness is not always easy to achieve. We may face challenges and setbacks along the way. It's important to be resilient and maintain a positive mindset. By embracing difficulties as opportunities for growth, we can learn and improve ourselves.In conclusion, happiness is a state of mind that we can cultivate through mindfulness, gratitude, kindness, and resilience. By focusing onthe present, appreciating what we have, and helping others, we can create a life filled with joy and fulfillment.四、写作部分（共1题，满分25分）Write an essay of about 150 words on the following topic: The Importance of Environmental Protection.In recent years, environmental protection has become a global concern. The rapid development of technology and industrialization has led to serious environmental problems, such as air and water pollution, deforestation, and climate change. As a result, it is crucial for us to take immediate action to protect our environment.Firstly, environmental protection is essential for the survival of our planet. The natural resources on Earth are finite, and if we continue to exploit them without consideration, we may face severe consequences, such as natural disasters and the loss of biodiversity.Secondly, environmental protection is closely related to our health and well-being. Air and water pollution can cause various diseases, leading to a decline in our quality of life. Therefore, we need to take responsibility for our actions and strive to reduce pollution.Lastly, environmental protection is a shared responsibility. It requires the cooperation and participation of individuals, governments, and organizations. By working together, we can create a sustainable and healthy environment for future generations.In conclusion, environmental protection is of great importance. We should all take action to protect our planet and ensure a better future for ourselves and our descendants.。
上海市各区2017届高三英语一模汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案精准校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit (轨道) around the moon.The students are from Cornell University in thestate of New York. They are taking part in acompetition called the Cube Quest Challenge. It is aprogram of NASA, the American space agency. TheCornell team is called the CisLunar Explorers. Theword cislunar means “between the earth and themoon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build anddeliver “flight-qualified, small satellites.” NASA off icials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release. “But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re already in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen andoxygen with a spark (火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun, moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small and flight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at Cornell University according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space JourneyKeys: 63-66: DBCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, and beef buys a stake(股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein”?②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the Southern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s meatless creations have yet to take the c ountry by storm. Although the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since they appeared for the first time in May, so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores in seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners are available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. While the two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much of dent(凹陷) in the meat giant’s coffers(金库). The company posted $41.4 billion in sales last year; prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding—about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tyson’s toe-in-the-water move to team up with a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein to American dinner tables seems to suggest the meat industry is starting to see which way the winds are blowing.⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America—but vegetarian alternatives to meat are booming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears to be sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.63. Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because __________.A. it makes perfect use of animal proteinB. it uses high tech in the making processC. it tastes as good as a genuine beef burgerD. it represents the diet trend in South California64. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?A. It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.B. It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.C. It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.D. It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.65. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.B. The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.C. Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.D. Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.B. A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.C. Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.D. Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.Keys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Spain’s Literary GeniusFour centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when we laugh, we laugh with recognition.The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and you’ll get the picture.Setting the sceneAlonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for life as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet another byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.Finding a sidekickNow comes Cervantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano’shouse, Panza is promoted to the role of squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil（衬托）to his foolish master.The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.63. On what occasion did the author write this review?A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.64. Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?A. Miguel de Cervantes.B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.C. Dulcinea del Toboso.D. Sancho Panza.65.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Don Quixote’s failure of distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.66.According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because .A.Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary iconB.Quijano’s adventure is romantic and heroicC. Cervantes has a genius for personifying Quijano’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy.D. Quijano’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to lifeKeys:63—66 DBACSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it opens. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parents play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they can’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are upsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved:how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even When work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything they have seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework u pon children’s success in class, some are just inferior to others because_______.A. their tutors are not always available to support themB. they are born without the ability to deal with conceptsC. their family circumstances limit their learning abilityD. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress64.“Keep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachersB. blocks teachers from knowing more about their studentsC. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachersD. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.B. Parents need to s tand away from their children’s homework.C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’ first concern.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Are you ready for homework yet?B. Is there a way out for homework?C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.Keys:62-66 CCBABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C）Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more stales have legalized gambling in order to raise income. The U. S. gambling industry has gone from an attitude of “prohibition” to one of “promotion”, as all but five states have now legalized gambling as a solution to their depressed economies.Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries (博彩）and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining slate parks, and developing environmental programs.State governments maintain that the voluntary contribution of funds through state lotteries is preferable to increase state sales or income taxes, and the residents of states using the lottery system tend to support this. The gaming industry has also benefited some of the nation's poorest citizens: Native Americans. The U. S. government ruled in 1988 that slates could not tax the revenues earned by gambling on Native American reservations. Having taken advantage of this ruling an open cosmos (赌场）on their reservations, many Native Americans moved from a life of poverty to a life of wealth.Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. About 50 percent of the U. S. population plays the lottery, according to a study by the University of Chicago. This trend has led to an increase in habitual gambling. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most atrisk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning and entertainment over savings. The traditional work ethic (道德准则) is being devalued by the pipedream of striking it rich, and this is sending confusing messages to young people.In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling and a ban on Internet gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gambling industry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling.61.According to the passage, we know that _______ .A.any forms of gambling were banned before 1964 in the USAB.the economical problems led to the rise of gambling industry in the USAC.all American stales have legalized gambling since 1964D.only five states have now legalized gambling because of the depressed economies62.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.State lottery system helps to raise money to improve people's public welfare.B. Gambling industry helps to change the American way of life.C. Gambling industry helps to improve the life of some poor Native Americans.D. State lottery system helps to increase state sales or income taxes.65.What is the author most concerned about?A.The expanding of the gambling industry.B.The suffering of the gambling-addicted people.C.The moral problems brought about by the legalized gambling.D.The disadvantage of Internet gambling.66. In Paragraph 5, the word “pipedream" means _________ .A. wonderful ideaB. creative ideaC. unworkable planD. practical plan KEYS: 63-66 BBCCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Books, Films and PlaysThe novelist’s medium is the written word. O ne might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choiceof director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to followB. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their workC. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independentD. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.KEYS: 63-66 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（C）Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树)stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its “urban heat islands”, said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment.Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops---soak up heat. The retention(滞留）can bake a building, making it hard to cool down.The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that,,, t4said the city officials, will save the city dollars on those hot summer days.55 The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.The stretching open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on amulti-tiered(多展的）bed of special soil, polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）,egg-carton-shaped cones and “waterproof membrane(薄膜)’’ mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, min and plant life. The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of soil is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills.。
2017上海高考英语一模---翻译部分
2017上海高考英语一模：翻译部分青浦区：72。
中午的欢迎会已推迟到下周三。
(put）73. 专家建议推销活动要面向农村地区。
(propose）74. 每年八月这个摄影师都去海外寻找美丽的瞬间。
（overseas）75。
无论是短途旅行还是参加体育比赛，你最好把健康保险考虑在内。
(whether)72.The reception at noon has been put off till next Wednesday。
73.Specialists proposed that sales drives should be held in rural areas.74。
Every Auguest the photographer goes overseas to look for beautiful moments。
75.Whether you will go on an excursion or participate in a sports event, you’d better take health insurance into consideration。
宝山区：72. 顾客购物时总是注重品牌形象。
(focus)73. 我再也抑制不住看篮球比赛的冲动。
(no longer）74。
这本书备受推崇的原因是它给人以希望和启迪。
(…why…）75。
她的有关个人奋斗的演讲很真诚，让我们感动得几乎流泪.（…such…that…）72。
Customers always focus on brand image when shopping。
73。
I can no longer resist the impulse to watch basketball match。
74。
The reason why this book is popular is that it gives people hope and inspiration。
上海市2017届高三英语一模汇编-——选词填空--教师版
2017年高三英语一模汇编——选词填空Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum(课程) and programs, as these discipline are widely ___31____ as the means to help innovation and support national economies.This trend reflects a shift in how school discipline are being looked at; schools are ____32____ on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other -----science, mathematics, and art --- in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combing the arts with STEMS activities, ____33____ the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing ___34____ of the important unions between different skills is paving that way for STEAM in schools.Some doubts of this movement have dismissed_____35_____ as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy----____36_____ for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities ____37_____the complexities and complicated layers that indicate concrete knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry(几何学) are rooted in artworks.While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove the integration of these seemingly ____38_____ disciplines is supporting student performance at school. A study conducted by the University of Florida _____39_____ that students who are engaged in music class do better in math. For example, female high school students enrolled in music appreciation class scored 42points higher on the math section of their SATs. Formal experience with the arts is proven to cultivate innovative thinking, adaptability and other problem-solving skills that are necessary for mastering STEM abilities. in other words, _____40______ is a pioneer for students to understand, use, and apply technologies in new ways.31-35 KBDCH 36-40 EIFGJSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Smart Phone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some 31____, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32____mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33____ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smart phone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 ____, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and 35 ____record of a service member’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the36 ____conditions of service members who have return ed home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient 37____ when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosmajian said.“Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38____. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) 39____ that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40____ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.31-40 DJFIC BKGHASection BDirections: Fill m each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Donald Trump 31 his place as the United States’ 45th president after crossing the 270 electoral vote threshold (门槛) on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy the White House.The rise of Trump, a celebrity businessman with no previous experience in the 32 or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Tru mp’s victory over Clinton will end eight years of Democratic 33 of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply 34 by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him, Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed victory, Trump 35 Americans to “come together as one united people.” “I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans,” he said in his victory speech. Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would reach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for 36 and help so that “we can work together and unify our great country.”As president, Trump’s governm ent agenda remains unclear. The president-elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S-Mexico border to stop immigrants from coming into the country 37 , 38immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobs and 39 incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but the definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as recognizes the responsibilities he 40 and follows through on his promises.31---40 JFACE HKGBDSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 yea rs women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic (人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis (假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” w omen might be happier?词汇:DKHAF JBGECSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.First Aid: Difference between Death and LifeFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain ___31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be ___32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, ___34___ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ___36___ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One me thod for ___39___ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:A – Airway: is it open and clear?B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.C –Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40___? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.31-40 KAGEJ BIFCDSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.This invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of planes. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spiteof these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still wasn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coating for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they37 just that.Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later th at 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more sticky notes. This went beyond a nybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.31-35 JGKFE 36-40 ADBICSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.NINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. Theinjured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33 and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 36 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning. Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.31-35 DCIAB 36-40 HCKJESection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In late February, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a Hong Kong subway. Thereason? Eating in public.In Hong Kong it is 31.__________ to eat on the subway, and when the tourist was scolded by a Hong Kong local, the situation escalated（升级）into a verbal slinging match.In New York City, eating on the subway is also controversial. No law bans the practice, buta Democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. The 32.__________ law would ban eating on the subway system and 33.__________ first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according to the New York Times. Proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. Others say the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eattheir bread on the way to work. They also argue that "street food" is an important part of New York's culture and history. Banning its 34.__________ in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.Street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverse as New York, Beijing and Paris. While 35__________, it has been traditionally thought of as the behavior of the lower classes. Eating in public was (and in some places, still is) associated with 36__________, poorer people. In the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam's (a popular magazine at the time) stated: "Eating in public may cause a certain 37.__________ofmanner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen. It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to 38.__________. A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral 39.__________ about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish 40.__________ who ran food carts in the 1800s.Whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it's best to be considerate when enjoying a bite in public.31-40 EFKHB CIAGDSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is c ommunicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality inunderstanding. The writer must be “____36____” to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.31-40 DGAFI JHEKBSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Imagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks at the __31__ of urban areas where a majori ty of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the __34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the point of view of a pa ssenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.31—40 K H B D A I C G E FEleven普陀区Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF.reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are ___ 31 ___ whether some paintings attributed(归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known asattributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very mu ch like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ______ 32 ____ it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致）about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _______ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been ______35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and __________ 36 ___ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light 37 _____ onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _______ 38 ___ t hat it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was _____ 40 ___ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.31-40 HKDCB JFIAG’Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s (31) ____ to deal with them. But are we reall y so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts tobecome believable if it’s (32)_____ enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪) in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33)_____ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time… His followers don’t fact-check anything –they’ll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously (34)_____ rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed (使...相形见绌) those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’s hopes and fears, and aren’t (35)_____ by rea lity, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.You might think you’re immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more (36)_____ it sounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was (37)_____ practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increase the (38)______ of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people’s (39)_____. Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,” Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a person’s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worrying (40)______ given that false hoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.31-40：BEAJF/ HKCGISection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Good news for giant panda lovers: the cute and cuddly creature has just been brought back from the edge of extinction.The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) __31__ the species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” as the union released its updated Red List on Sept. 4 at Hawaii withtheir __32__ growing by 17 percent in the decade leading up to 2014.Chinese conservation efforts, including forest protection and reforestation, are considered to be the __33__ force behind the animal's re-prosperity. The number of panda __34__ in China has also jumped to 67, from 13 in 1992. Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live there. Restoring the panda’s habitat has given them back their space with food available to them.Apart from giant pandas, the Tibetan Antelope has also moved from “endangered” to “near threatened”. According to a statement f rom IUCN, the animal's numbers have shrunk severely - dropping from around 1 million to a(n) __35__ 65,000 -- 72,500 in the 1980s and early 1990s - due to commercial poaching (偷猎). Rigorous protection has since been __36__ to protect the beasts and the population is now likely to be between 100,000 and 150,000.Despite the improved __37__，wild animals like the giant panda and the Tibetan Antelope still face challenges. The IUCN warned, for example, that ongoing threats from climate change could eliminate more than 35 percent of the panda's bamboo habitat in the next 80 years, which would __38__ the species recent gains.Good progress has been made but there is still work to do. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is devoted to __39__ species from around the world and their statuses in relation to their risk of extinction. The list currently has eight categories, including extinct, extinct in the wild, __40__ endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern and data deficient. These categories are based on criteria relating to population trends, size and structure, andgeographic range.31---40 G E H C F J A K D I。
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金山区2016学年第一学期期末质量调研II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Rail-life adventures of two generationsWhen I was 17, I decided to go InterRailing with my friend Bella for a week in summer. Both of us had chosen to study German at university and we decided that train travel in Germany would be the ideal way (21) ______ (practice) the language.(22) ______ ______ ______ I told my mum, she began to give me tips (23) ______ (base) on her own InterRail experience in the 1970s.I would, she insisted, need (24) ______ extra-thick sleeping b ag “for when you sleep outside”.I would need to pack oatmeal, raisins and nuts and dried soup. She even suggested a camping stove.As she told tales of sleeping on train floors, on platforms, and even once in a barn, I began to get a little worried. (25) _______ had I let myself in for?In fact, my InterRail experience was quite different. Bella and I googled youth hostels. They were pretty basic—six people to a room, stale cereal for breakfast, no curtains—but fine. We never slept on a train once.My Int erRail trip was certainly not as economical as my mother’s. My ticket (26) ______ (cost) £187(1,954 yuan), and I spent £30 a day on cheap food and extra ticket supplements.But I met some (27) ______ (amaze) people on the trains, and practiced my German with everyone (28) ______ businessmen to artists.In my mother’s eyes I (29) ______ not have had a “real” InterRail experience—but I still had an adventure. I learned about other countries, other people and about myself.Bella and I argued over lost luggage, complained about each other --- and ended up even (30) ______ (good) friends than we had before.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.NINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33 and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were36 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since th e arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning.Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’ is quite popular in business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41 way to run a company. Here’re the main 42 : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of 44 understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really 45 up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46 for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That’s the 47 on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a 48 of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either 49 or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50 too easily. Aims never seem to be clear. 51 , good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests 52 the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that．But decisions are only as good as the 53 go in to them. By that measure, many of today’s decisions are weak and could 54 some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of 55 , but it’s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D. bright42. A. points B. matters C. solution D. barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timely D. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. explorationSection B(A)We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. That’s what I learnt from my new and special friend. On the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know.I looked around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed and enthusiastically responded, “Of course you may!” She gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in college at such a young innocent age?” I asked jokingly. “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she replied. After class we walked to the Students Union building and shared a chocolate milkshake there. We became instant friends.Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends whenever she went. At the end of the semester we in vited Rose to speak at our football dinner. I’ll never forget what she taught us.“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow old. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opp ortunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets．”She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Song of Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics（歌词）and live them out in our daily life. At the year’s end, Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.56. What happened to the author on the first day of school?A．He joined the Student Union. B．He got to know an old professor.C．He made the acquaintance of an old lady. D．He had to share a milkshake with others.57. In the author’s eyes, __________.A．Rose was silent and skilled. B．Rose was talented and hardworking.C．Rose was innocent and generous. D．Rose was courageous and her words were inspiring.58. Which saying might Rose possibly support?A．Rome was not built in a day. B．One is never too old to learn.C．It is no use crying over spilt milk. D．Great minds think alike.(B)Become an Atlantis Jr. Aquarist and spend 3 days working with marine life! Food prepping to feeding the animals to snorkeling and learning about coral reefs, it’s a week of marine adventure!59. All the information is included in the advertisement EXCEPT________.A. camp hoursB. camp priceC. things to bringD. daily schedules60. The underlined phrase “subject to” is closest in meaning to ________.A. related toB. due toC. likely toD. depending on61. All the activities are included in the camp schedule EXCEPT ________.A. feeding marine lifeB. preparing food for animalsC. playing with sharksD. learning about coral reefs62. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. All attendees will check in and have a welcome dinner on the first day.B. All attendees must check out on the last day.C. The price covers all the expenses including accommodation.D. You can have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp.(C)Scientists have invented a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in your hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While the U.S. diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素). The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S.. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair is equivalent to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly equivalent to the movement of rain systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing（精确定位）, ” Cerling said. “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Told Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said,“But it narrows its way down for me.”63. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A. One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B. Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.C. A person’s hair may re veal where they have lived.D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.64. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink.” in Para.3?A. Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.B. Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C. Food and drink affect one’s personality development.D. Food and drink are similar to one’s existence.65. What is said about the rainfall in American’s West?A. There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B. The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C. Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D. It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A. It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.D. It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that (67) ___________The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68) ___________ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69) ___________ Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70) ___________ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.她经常在周末带她儿子去音乐会，让他受到艺术的熏陶。