2019年专业英语考试全部题库

专业英语试题库一、单选题1. B will prove to be an important factor in the long-term economy of low-risehigh-density structures.A. Floor plan layoutsB. The adaptability of unitsC. The allocation of spaceD. The clustering of units2.Which is not the objective of Urbs in Horto? DA. To advance the state of knowledge concerning low-rise. high-density.B. To study methods of integrating this type of housing into the existing pattern of Chicago neighborhoods.C. To beyond merely theoretical studies to the building of an actual neighborhoods.D. To produce economic benefits in the form of energy savings.3.What is the mechanism which creates a single isolated core? CA. Clear urban structureB. Urban sustainable developmentC. Urban services tend to agglomerate.D. Promote the development of economy4.Today, a lot of the city dwelling units are B so that they can form a humancommunity.A. separatedB. alignedC. overlappedD. fitted5.The house cluster can be simply described as housing that is A together sothat individual units share common open walls, floors, and ceilings.A. joinedB. connectedC. linkedD. associated6.In primitive cultures the village was often defined by the organization of individualdwelling units C groups to enclose a community space and simultaneously form a defensible enclosure.A.toB.to beC. intoD. within7.Perhaps because our ancestors could not conceive of the technological means tobuild vertical structures of great height and in great quantity, they were B the social problems associated with high-rise living.A. excusedB. sparedC. pardonedD. absolved8.Cluster housing is primarily an urban house form that is A to many differentcommunity scales.A. adaptableB. constructibleC. representableD. framable9.The main entry of each unit C the community space.A. faced up toB. face up toC. faced intoD. face into10.The D size for clusters might be small, perhaps around 6 or 8 homes canwork perfectly well.A. smallestB. largestC. specificD. average11.The households must be able to organize themselves as a corporation, Cowning all the common land they share.A. seem toB. complain ofC. capable ofD. with the ability to12.It is the scale of the multicelled clusters associated with suburban and low-scaleurban B environments.A.houseB.housingC.housedD.houseful13. A examining many examples of low-rise, medium-density housingthroughout the world——America and Western Europe in particular——the average density of 15 D.U./acre was established.A. ByB.AsC.ForD.On14.Being B the ancient terrace houses were easily to defend, so many of themhave been well preserved.A.dominantB.inaccessibleC.overwhelmingD.multiple15.Generally speaking, the buildings with C on the streets are preferred by thetradesmen.A. pathwaysB.dwellingsC.frontagesD.patio16.The basic layout will be contained within a structural mesh that must be minimally_B__ to the functional requirements of the building.A. reasonableB. obtrusiveC. matchedD. predominant17.Once the functional layout has been established, the engineer must develop astructural system that will satisfy established design criteria as efficiently and economically as possible, while __C___ the architectural layout.A. oppositeB. devolving onC. fitting intoD. depending on18.The implicit objective of the design calculations is then to ensure that theprobability of any particular limit state being reached is maintained __A____ an acceptable value for the type of structure concerned.A. belowB. aboveC. withinD. the same as19.There are as yet no universally accepted international _A_____ comfort criteria，although they are under consideration，and engineers must base their designcriteria on an assessment of published data．A. standards forB.byC.be acceptedD. substitutes for20.It is ___ A ____ that acceleration is the predominant parameter in determininghuman response to vibration, but other factors such as period, amplitude, body orientation, visual and acoustic cues, and even past experience can be influential．A. generally agreedB. consider asC. always thinkD. convinced21. A dynamic analysis is then __B____ allow the predicted response of the buildingto be compared with the threshold limits．A. to requiredB. required toC. used toD. be required to22.The provision of adequate stiffness, particular __C______, is a majorconsideration on the design of a tall building for several important reasonsA. stabilityB. drift limitationC. lateral stiffnessD. Strength23.Tall towers and buildings have fascinated mankind from the beginning ofcivilization, their construction being ___A___ for defense and subsequently for ecclesiastical purposesA. initiallyB. latelyC. primitiveD. first24.The reason why we must make a check on the most fundamental condition ofequilibrium is to establish that the C will not cause the entire building to topple as a rigid body about one edge of the base.A.gravitationalB. friction forceC. lateral forceD. centrifugal force25.It requires an analysis of the forces and stresses that will occur in the members asa result of the most critical possible load combinations, including the Cthat may arise from second-order additional deflections.A. ultimate limit stateB. progressive collapseC. augmented momentsD. structural damage26.Taking moments about that edge, the resisting moment of the dead weight of thebuilding must be greater than the C for stability by an acceptable factor of safety.A. the minimum barycenter momentB. the minimum equivalent momentC. overturning momentD. the minimum lower partial moment27.Which one is the major consideration in the design of a tall building? Ateral stiffnessteral deflectionC.Second-order P-DeltaD.drift index28.Which one is a simple parameter that affords an estimate of the lateral stiffness ofa building? BA. maximum deflectionB. drift indexC. dynamic comfortD. wind load29.Since both ends of the act of communication can be so extremely different ,according to the individuals involved--their experiences prejudices , B , and sensitivitiesA. cowardicesB. convictionsC. communitiesD. creativities30.Thus we find triumphal arches standing in the centers of squares or plazas andused almost D for the celebration of festivals, memorials and the like.A. quicklyB. wronglyC. simplyD. exclusively31.The supposed A of a face or facade implies also its opposite, rear and sides.A. existenceB. episodeC. elevationD. enclosure32.Still, since architect designs for humans he can make use of the anthropomorphismwhich we B apply to everything in our environment, and by the skillful placing of doors and windows give us images.A. identicallyB. inevitablyC. impartiallyD. incidentally33.Here again, as with the strip of doors at the entrance to an office building, neitherthe same feeling of C about the architecture; it cares nothing about us, and we return the sentiment.A. invariablyB. inverselyC. impersonalityD. infinitely34.Much the same sort of D functions are performed by the otherarchitectural elements---columns, roofs, steps, railing, and so on.A. elegantB. elementalC. empiricalD. expressive35.The great arches forming B express the extreme holiness of the building andthe act of worship that goes on inside.A. the exports of cathedralsB. the doorways of cathedralsC. the exports of residencesD. the doorways of residences36.Building are made by such __D__ as walls, roofs, doors, windows, steps and soon, which are the symbols of architecture.A. thingsB. mattersC. substanceD. elements37.Although the ancient _B___ bridge has a long history of centuries, it is still assolid and firm as before.A. roundB. archC. curvedD. bending38.In each residential community, there should be a __A____ for social interaction.A. plazaB. resting placeC. public buildingD. shopping center39.It is undoubtedly true there might be a number of factors involved, but suchconsiderations as wind, noise, sun, view and natural elements always contribute significantly to _D_ urban design.A. beautifullyB. tolerablyC. simplyD. successful40.It should be quite clear to us that in designing the _C_ planners and designerscannot design all elements and components.A. buildingsB. communitiesC. environmentD. usersing the _A_ of the Urban design plan of san Francisco, we can distinguishamong the purposes of four interrelated groups of spacesA. nomenclatureC. exampleD. plan42.External form and image focus on city’s _ B_ and its overall image and identity.A. parkingB. skylineC. environmentD. land-use43._A_ look at street and road characteristics—quality of maintenance, spaciousness,order, monotony, clarity of route, orientation to destination, safety and ease of movement , and parking requirements and locations.A. Circulation and parkingB. Quality of environmentC. Internal pattern and imageD. External form and image44.The past, planners focused on the major _ D_ of cities such as street facade,park, civic centers and so on.A. sightsB. viewsC. standpointsD. visual elements45.Urban design is that part of the planning process that deals with _C_ .A. external form and imageB. internal pattern and imageC. the physical quality of the environmentD. building entity46.The domain of urban design is _B_ .A. visual elements of citiesB. the space between the buildingsC. the space in buildingsD. all elements and components47.The internal pattern and image describe _A_ .A. the purpose of space between urban structuresB. the city’s skyline and its overall image and identityC. the street an road characteristicsD. nine factors of surrounding48.Urban design is that part of the planning process that deals with the physicalquality of the environment. That is to say, it is the physical and _ A_ design of the environment.A. spatialB. specialC. mentalityD. spatially49.“D esigning cities without designing buildings” we may, therefore, say that the _B_between the buildings are the domain of urban design.A. landscapingB. spacesC. domainD. path50.Having thus identified the framework for analysis of urban design—that is, thedomain of urban design—we now shall attempt to identify a method of presenting this information in the form of policies, _ B_ , guidelines, and programs.A. imaginesB. plansC. charactersD. models51.The high-rise buildings in the city are in the form of _ C_ , which adds nobeauty to the city.A. identicalB. the sameC. monotonyD. identity52.In downtown areas the underground garage may be the only __ C ___ solution tothe problem of parking since land price is terrible high.A. favoriteB. commonC. feasibleD. attractive53.The supply of parking space for the __ B ___ is a sign of the advancement in socialcivilization.A. handicraftB. handicappedC. handiworkD. handiness54.It is required that we take the frequent __ C ___ vehicle into account whiledesigning parking facilities for shopping centers.A. transitB. temporaryC. transientD. transform55.As the turnover is very high, the parking space needs to leave ___ C __ enough topermit two-way traffic.A. columnsB. accommodationC. clearanceD. drainage56.The ___D_____ to be used in the floor of high building have to undergo tensiontest or will be regarded as unqualified products.A. deckB. drainC. runoffD. slabs57.As far as the traffic conditions and the consuming power of Chinese citizens areconcerned, ____A__ is the best choice for the taxi business.A. compactB. luxurious carsC. larger carsD. buses58.Color and texture tends to be keyed B organic references, weaving togetherthe themes of growth and integration within a larger system.A.atB.toC.upD.into59.Extensive internal glazing, public libraries, living rooms , and solariums ,and otherpublic and semi-public spaces allow C to gather and communicate.A. areas patientsB. patients to areasC. patients areasD. areas to patients60.What is the characteristics of the theater during the 18th century? BA. The absence of proscenium doors, a shorter stage apron, and reserved orchestra seatsin place of the apron.B. The use of seats in the orchestra pit, heavy reliance on boxes and galleries for setting accommodations and a proscenium arch.C. It emphasis on realistic picture frame setting, and on the actor’s separation from the audience, discouraged experimentation in design.D. The arena stage, a laying area surrounded on four sides by audience.61.The traditional Chinese theater consist of____C_____A. A curved apron extending into the audienceB. The arena stage surrounded on four sides by the audienceC. A raised stage surrounded on three sides by the audienceD. The seats in the orchestra pit and proscenium arch62.In the United States, experimentation in theater design was also hindered___B_____A. the skill of the actors and the imagination of the audienceB. the high cost of real estate in urban areas and antiquated fire laws governing theater constructionC. the traditional horseshoe designD. the physical relationship between the actors and the stage and the kind of audience for whom the theater is intended63.What physical shape or organization must this “gateway” have in order to createthe __C__and feeling of connection to the earth which makes the rites significant?A. ridiculous and mundaneB. ridiculous and holinessC. sanctity and holinessD. sanctity and mundane64.Most of the theaters and opera houses on the Continent in the 19th centurycontinued to follow ____D_____A. the new fan-shaped Bayreuth designB. the heavy reliance on boxes and galleries for setting accommodationsC. the use of seats in the orchestra pitD. the traditional horseshoe design65.What is church or temple？BA. It is a place of a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment.B. It is a place of worship, spirit, contemplation.C. It is a place of an institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students (or "pupils") under the direction of teachers.D. It is a structure used for the performance of a play or other dramatic presentation.66.“Given the complexities in the relationships within and between medicaldepartments, this knowledge helps us to manipulate spaces in the both a functional and formally effective…”. “given” in this sentence means AA. As B .Donated C. Stated D .Considerably67.“Though nece ssary and helpful, interventionist treatments performed on patientsoften serve to exacerbate feelings of victimization and disorientation.”What’s necessary and helpful in this sentence? BA patientsB interventionist treatmentsC the architecture of hospitalsD architect68.Though “you pass first through the churchyard, then through the nave; then, onspecial occasions, beyond the alter rail into the chancel and only the priest himself is able to go into the tabernacle.” The holy bread is sheltered by __C__ layers of ever more difficult approach.A.3B.4C.5D.669.Unless these rites are given the emotional weight they need, it is impossible for aman or woman to pass __A__ from one stage of life to another.A.thoroughlyB.thoroughC.slightlyD.slight70.In which theater the size and shape of the playing area can be varied mechanicallyfrom a conventional proscenium to a thrust platform stage? AA. The Vivian Beaumont Theater in New York CityB. The modern Chinese theatersC. The theaters and opera houses on the Continent in the 19th centuryD. The Oriental theaters71.Wood can withstand tension and A .A .compression B. gravity C. thrust D. friction72.The nature of wood and steel suggests A .A. frame constructionB. shear wall structureC. brick concrete structureD. suspended-cable structure73.Architecture must do more than meet the physical requirements of strength andspace; it must also content A .A. the spirit of manB. security needsC. physiological needsD. social needs74.Architecture calls for good A -a pleasing relationship of void to solids, ofheight to width, of length to breadth.A. proportionsB. rhythmC. contrastD. scale75.The precise activities to be housed in any specific building, ranging from anassembly line in a factory to a living room in a home, should dictate C of the several areas within.A. size and orientationB. height and widthC. size and shapeD. length and feeling76.The plan of a structure, always the B consideration of an architect, is theresolution of these different purposes into an organization of spaces that willfulfill the intent of the building.A. lastB. firstC. secondD. random77. A structure must be will built, it could have such D as the purpose for which itis intended demands and as the materials chosen may allow.A. temporaryB. contemporaryC. flintyD. permanence78.It follows from the tensile weakness of stone that beams of this material must becomparatively C and supporter at C intervals.A. long ; frequentB. long ; fewC. short ; frequentD. short ; few79. A building also should have what architects c all “ A ”: that is , it shouldvisually convey its true size.A. scaleB. dimensionC. sizeD. purpose80.Stairs and a balustrade may give a clue to the C of the whole edifice .A. scaleB. dimensionC. sizeD. purpose81.Because these units are so small in comparison to the whole building, otherelements of A size are needer.A. intermediateB. normalC. smallD. vast82.A or ornament may be used to contribute to character , the visible expressionof the purpose of the building .A. DcorationB. DcorateC. DcorationsD. Dcorating83.Housing is living quarters for __A___A. human beingsB. catC. moneyD. dog84.Good housing means a __B____A. tasty foodB. satisfactory communityC. good peopleD. cute cat85.Housing is living quarters for human being. Here “living quarter” means___C___A. public squareB. rural areaC. dwelling placeD. suburban area86.Parks and social centers weld a group of ____A_____ homes into a community.A. IndividualB. ShelterC. SafetyD. Departments87.Housing codes, such as the tenement-house laws in cities, require that dwellingsbe _____A____, sanitary, and in good repair.A. SafeB. ShareC. SoleD. right88.____D______ tend to be closely crowed together within the walls in ancient times.A. Poor peopleB. rich peopleC. GovernorD. Urban dwellings89.Good housing means a satisfactory community, __D_____ proper shelterA. asB. as wellC. such asD.as well as90. A semidetached house is __C____A an unfinished houseB a room shared by two familiesC a two-family houseD a single-family house91.It is __A__that determines whether or not the building goes ahead.A. the profit rateB. the gross incomeC. the net incomeD. the button92.The financial setup is made up of three main parts. The largest item of part tworunning expenses will be __D__.A. taxes and the building employee's salariesB. maintenance and mortgage interestC. rent roll and repairsD. mortgage interest and amortization93.The word vacancies is put in quotes because it is largely __B__.A. realB. fictionalC. actualD. nonfictional94.Certain building ——museums , libraries ,schools ,churches ,etc.——are builtwithout __C __ profit in mind.A. materialB. phychologicalC. monetaryD. considerate95.An architect, therefore, will often find himself expected to prepare for his __B__.A. visitorB. clientC. bossD. partner96.An analysis of the project in investment term-cost of land and construction,mortgages, interest and maintenance, income and profit ——which together are known by the phrase __A__.A. financial setupB. financial crisisC. financial aidD. financial position97.Ordinarily, the investor will want at least __C__return on his money or he will putit Into something else.A.25%B.20%C.15%D.10%98.The button, or clincher, is arrived __B__by subtracting part two, the maintenancecosts, from part three, the gross income，the remainder is net income.A. forB.atC.inD. of99.Perhaps the easiest way to make it clear is to invent an imaginary case and devisea financial setup __B___it.A. onB. forC.atD. of100.Thus the merchandising of the entire shopping center is important，but once inside，the individual stores must also be merchandised . From this sentence we may learn ___D___.A. The sales-volume（营业额）by the entire center is more importantB. The sales-volume by the individual stores is in fact more importantC. All the clerks are merchants whether they work for the entire center and for the individual storesD. Merchandising is the No. one affairs for both the entire center and for the individual stores101.For shopping centers , a great deal of space is required for parking , ranging from about __B__ car spaces per 1000 ft of leasable store area in a down town center to __B___or more car spaces per 1000 ft in suburban centers.A. 2.5, 7B. 2.5, 6C.3, 7D.3, 6102. B helped form new ”edge cities”.A. Mass movement of people out of cities to suburbiaB. Office space and hotels close to shopping centersC. AirportsD. New pedestrian minacity103.Enclosed malls usually exist in D .A. SupermarketB. Department storesC. Row developmentsD. Cluster developments104.What's the different between regional center and neighborhood center? CA. Almost sameB. There are a lot of types of shops in Neighborhood center, but there is a few kinds of shops in regional centerC. There are a lot of types of shops in regional center, but there is a few kinds of shop in neighborhood centerD. There are a lot of types of shops in regional center, but there is one kind of shops in neighborhood center.105.Which one is not the important aspect of shopping center design? AA. every kind storesB. the design of a shopping center with a mallC. efficient automobile parking facilitiesD. easy access into the center106.Not all shopping malls succeed, often due to BA. too much space for parkingB. the difficulty of access and limited parkingC. the limited shrubberyD. the common appearance107.The great humane design trend of the future is ＿A＿.A. A combination of new and oldB. A combination of solar zoning and mixed-use zoningC. Restricting the density of tall buildingsD. A new, radically different, human-scaled architecture108.Which of the following is NOT required about office building? DA. longer spansB. More complicated mechanicalC. More electrical systemsD. optimum column spacing.109.For multi-use buildings it is therefore necessary to __A___structural systems that respond __A__ to the needs of the different functions.A. develop; effectivelyB. develop; validC. build; effectivelyD. build; valid110.The office and commercial buildings used larger-span structural systems __A___ the space requirements for offices and other commercial functions.A. consistent withB. combined withC. fill withD. pay with111.Mix-ed use zoning, which became a (an) __D____ viable alternative during the 1970s, may become commonplace during the 1980s.A. ideologicallyB. politicallyC. theoreticallyD. financially112.At the time, this _C___ concept could only be __C__ by visionary men like Gordon Bunshaft, the designer, and then-president of Lever Brothers.A. different; agreedB. unreadable; receivedC. daring; achievedD. intricate; taken113.In following sentences, which use "that" in the same way as the example sentence? Example sentence: Except for a few recently completed buildings that seem to be people-oriented in their lower floors,…… AA. There are definite signs that are most encouraging.B. Indications are strong that cities may restrict the density of tall buildings, that is, reduce the number of tall buildings per square mile.C. If we are to avoid similar occurrences, it is obvious that the density of people, place, and vehicles must be drastically reduced.D.……, we may find that a combination of new and old will become the great humane design trend of the future.114.In 1980 the Lever House, designed by Skidmore Owing and Merrill(SOM) received the 25-year award from the American Institute of Architects “inrecognition of architectural design of A significance”A. enduringB. longC. interestingD. bad115.Regardless of how effectively a tall building is designed to B energy, it may at the same time deprive resident or neighbor of solar access.A. haveB. conserve C .need D .join116.If I were you, I would never allow my daughter to attend such a school whereC exists among both the students and teachers.A. complexityB. apathyC. supervisionD. endeavor117.When the contract documents are ready, the architect, in C with his client, with select several contractors whose reputations and completed work seemsatisfactory and invite them to examine the contract documents and submit bids.A. referenceB. advisoryC. consultationD. consultant118.This type of bid, C , is C a lump-sum bid since it is a lump-sum that the contractor is proposing.A. incidental; calledB. incidental; callingC. incidentally; calledD. incidentally; calling119.The service that the architect should performed falls into schematic design, preliminary design and __A_____.A. supervisionB. inspectionC. working drawingsD. structural design drawings 120.The architect should __C____ after with consultations with the client, visits to the site, study of budgets and so on.A. sign a contractB. work schematic design out in considerable detailC. sketches of plans and exteriors of the proposed buildingD. design construction blueprint121.The architectural work involved in designing a forty-story building is not much greater than for a twenty-story one because __A_____.A. so many of the floor plans are duplicatesB. designing a forty-story building are easyC. it is a government regulationD. a forty-story cost less materials122.The fee that the architect selling his professional skills to receive generally based upon _B____A. the client’s offerB. the cost of the buildingC. standard wageD. the average wage123.The architect should oversee the actual construction of the building because _A_____A. make sure it is in strict accordance with the contract documentsB. make client satisfactionC. urge the contractor to finishD. to get extra money124.The _C_____ is an extension of the schematic designA. interior designB. working drawingsC. preliminary designD. site design125.The B_____ is used as a guide of buildingA. floor planB. working drawings floor planC. interior design drawingsD. site design126.If the client is not satisfied with the schematic design, the architect may _B_____ A. receive no money B. sketch more idealC. continue his designD. lost his job in further127.Since shopping centers are essentially stores, they must be designed to __B__ if。