2015北京师范大学考博英语真题词汇速成
2015年北京师范大学政府管理学院考博真题
2015年北京师范大学政府管理学院考博真题各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京师范大学博士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的考博真题，方便大家准备考博，希望给大家一定的帮助。
考博英语真题Part I: Listening Comprehension略Part II: Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are six passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestone and mark your answer on the ANSER SHEET.Passage OneIn 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York,Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experiencedremarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy.Line The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades ofthe twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number ofcircumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the areawas enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and datingto obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the OwensRiver. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made itpossible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; itdisseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. Themost important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked tothe automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of theSouthern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America's greatest refining center.Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: itsdistinctive spatialorganization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was adecentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles. It考博结束已经好几个月了，也终于静下心来回顾一下自己整个考博的历程。
2015北京师范大学考博英语真题首轮复习注意事项
2015北京师范大学考博英语真题首轮复习注意事项首轮英语复习应该根据上述考查重点有针对性地、有所侧重地展开，复习重点是夯实三个基本功：语法、词汇和复杂长难句式的初步掌握。
育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，这一阶段的复习非常重要。
英语首轮复习有它自己的特点，在这里提醒考生注意从以下三点进行把握。
语法不能投入过多时间语法固然重要，但是考博中直接涉及具体语法的很少很少，而主要是间接的通过阅读部分来考察语法知识点的。
同时语法是纯理论化的东西，很抽象。
汉语也有语法，而且汉语语法的难度要远远大于英语的语法。
但是中国人中真正懂这些抽象语法的人多吗？又有几个中国人看不懂、说不出、听不懂汉语呢？育明考博辅导专家认为，语言仅仅是一种交流的工具，很多时候知其然就够了，不一定非要知其所以然。
所以，语法的复习不应该作为大头，简单的温习一下就够了，甚至可以不去管那些具体的“概念”，比如“限制性定语从句”“非限制想定语从句”，只要能看懂文章，看懂句意就可以了。
切勿乱搞题海战术题海战术本来是个好方法，经过大量的演练后，就能熟悉题型、掌握套路，以至“熟能生巧”。
题海演练为的就是实战！但是题海战术有个最关键的前提：你现在作为战术演练的题型一定要和实战的题型几乎一致。
如果你所演练的题型和实战不一致，那就失去了实际应用价值。
就好比，要进行抢滩登陆战了，你却总在防空演习。
可想而知，就算你的防空能力达到了连一只苍蝇也飞不进来，也无法解决好抢滩登陆战的问题。
育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，盲目的题海战术只能说是浪费时间、浪费精力、浪费你的激情。
这也就是很多朋友考博前做了300-500篇阅读短文，命中率也不很糟糕，但是一到考博就只能命中50%左右的原因了！难句并不代表一切有的同学就认为只要把真题里的难句分析看懂，分析明白就可以了。
其实不然，每篇文章里都有不同句型的难句，你分析对了一个，也只是掌握了这一个。
无法达到举一反三，触类旁通的效果。
但是专门的难句分析书就不一样了，那里面把各种句型一一罗列，每个句型里又列举了几十个句子，你把这些个句子掌握了，这种句型也就掌握了，再在考场里遇到这样的难句就不会心慌了。
2015年北京师范大学考博英语真题及答案解析
Part I ：Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSER SHEET. Passage 1 The human ear contains the organ for hearing and the organ for balance. Both organs involve fluid-filled channels containing hair cells that produce electrochemical impulses when the hairs are stimulated by moving fluid. The ear can be divided into three regions: outer, middle, and inner. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them to the eardrum separating the outer ear from the middle ear. The middle ear conducts sound vibrations through three small bones to the inner ear. The inner ear is a network of channels containing fluid that moves in response to sound or movement. To perform the function of hearing, the ear converts the energy of pressure waves moving through the air into nerve impulses that the brain perceives as sound. Vibrating objects, such as the vocal cords of a speaking person, create waves in the surrounding air. These waves cause the eardrum to vibrate with the same frequency. The three bones of the middle ear amplify and transmit the vibrations to the oval window, a membrane on the surface of the cochlea, the organ of hearing. Vibrations of the oval window produce pressure waves in the fluid inside the cochlea. Hair cells in the cochlea convert the energy of the vibrating fluid into impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. The organ for balance is also located in the inner ear. Sensations related to body position are generated much like sensations of sound. Hair cells in the inner ear respond to changes in head position with respect to gravity and movement. Gravity is always pulling down on the hairs, sending a constant series of impulses to the brain.
2015北京师范大学文学院考博真题以及讲解
2015北京师范大学文学院考博真题以及讲解各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京师范大学的博士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题笔记方便大家准备考博，希望给大家一定的帮助。
真题集5American universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is anothermatter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts torecruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, hasboosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshmanclasses from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to ourkinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well whenit comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get theirdiplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in severalrecent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, directorof postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studiedenrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for adiploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For thefirst time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less welleducated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better thanthe rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studiesshow that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college –but theirgraduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos,andNative Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minoritypopulation grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to nationalprosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison–one of the top five or so prestigious public universities –graduated 81% of its white studentswithin six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers getworse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its whitestudents, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally –but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges foundthat while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americansdid so as well.27. The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be _________________ .A. commercially uselessB. just as anticipatedC. somewhat controversialD. quite unexpected28. Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that ________________ ?A. it passes through the intestines without being absorbedB. it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyC. it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD. it prevents excessive intake of vitamins29. What is a possible effect of olestra according to some critics?A. It may impair the digestive system.B. It may affect the overall fat intake.C. It may increase the risk of cancer.D. It may spoil the consumers’appetite.30. Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?A. It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.B. People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.C. The function of the intestines may be weakened.D. It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.才思教育自1995年开始开设北京地区高校考研辅导班，其中近90%考上北京知名高校攻读硕士研究生。
北京师范大学考博英语真题常见重点词汇答辩
北京师范大学考博英语真题常见重点词汇(1表示“在……之中(之间,相互”意义加前缀interlace束紧——interlace混合,交织breed繁殖——interbreed杂交,繁殖lock锁——interlock连锁personal个人的——interpersonal人际关系的(2表示“中间的,居中的”意义加前缀midsummer夏季——midsummer仲夏night夜晚——midnight午夜day白天——midday中午,正午ship船——midship船的中央部分(3表示“错误的(地,坏的(地,不利的(地”意义加前缀mismatch搭配——mismatch误配,配合不当quote引用——misquote错误地引用需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一,也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
count计算——miscount算错chance机会——mischance不幸,灾祸(4表示“再一次,重新,返回,在……后”意义加前缀re arrange安排——rearrange重新安排call呼唤——recall唤回decorate装饰——redecorate重新装饰value估价——revalue重新估价(5表示“越过,超越,过度的”意义加前缀overcharge索价——overcharge索价太高exposure曝光——overexposure感光过度fly飞——overfly飞越stock存货——overstock存货过多(6表示“下面的,不完全的,从属于”意义加前缀under sell出售——undersell廉价出售secretary部长——undersecretary副部长production生产——underproduction生产不足garment外衣——undergarment衬衣(7表示“一半,不完全的,发生两次的”意义加前缀semitone音调——semitone半音coke焦炭——semicoke半成焦炭detached分开的,独立的——semidetached半独立式的weekly每周的——semiweekly每周两次的(8表示“非常小的,微型的,小规模的”意义加前缀minibus公交车——minibus小公交车computer计算机——minicomputer小型计算机skirt裙子——miniskirt超短裙cab出租车——minicab小型计程车(9表示“大量的,多数的”意义加前缀multi(在元音前作mult linguistic语言的——multilinguistic多种语言的storey层的——multistorey多层楼的angular角形的——multangular多角的national国家的——multinational多国的(10表示“反对,反传统式样”意义加前缀antiwar战争——antiwar反战的cancer癌症——anticancer抗癌aircraft飞行器——antiaircraft对空的semitic犹太人的——anti semitic反犹太人的(11表示“共同的,相互的”意义加前缀coexist存在——coexist共存operation操作;工作,活动—cooperation合作,协力habit居住——cohabit同居education教育——coeducation男女同校的教育(12表示“下降,分离,相反,除去”意义加前缀de classify保密——declassify泄密rail铺设铁轨——derail脱离轨道,出轨appreciate赏识,升值——deappreciate贬值,折旧horn触角——dehorn切去角(13表示“本身的,独自的”意义加前缀autographic书写的——autographic亲笔的immunity免疫——autoimmunity自体免疫criticism批评——autocriticism自我批评biographical传记的——autobiographical自传的(14表示“代理,副,次”意义加前缀vicemonitor班长——vicemonitor副班长president总统——vicepresident副总统admiral海军上将——viceadmiral海军中将,次于海军上将royalty王——viceroyalty副王(15表示“在……之上,更加,超越”意义加前缀superabundance充足——superabundance剩余,过度cool变凉——supercool过度冷却addition增加物——superaddition追加incumbent现任的——superincumbent盖在上面的;(压力自上而下的(16表示“在(时间,场所……之后”意义加前缀postglacial冰河的——postglacial冰河期之后的graduate毕业生——postgraduate研究生war战争的——postwar战后时期impressionism印象主义——postimpressionism后印象主义派(17表示“假冒的,虚伪的,不真诚的”意义加前缀pseudomemory记忆——pseudomemory记忆错误love爱情——pseudolove假爱,不真诚的爱graphic文字的——pseudographic伪书的scientific科学的——pseudoscientific伪科学的(18表示“远(距离的,电视的”意义加前缀telephotography摄影术——telephotography远距离摄影术typewriter打字机——teletypewriter电传打字机meter计量器——telemeter测远计communication通信——telecommunication电信,远距离通讯本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
2015考博英语必考知识点集锦
2015考博英语必考知识点集锦一、重点梳理1、单词1)初步进行了“自然动态”类的词根词缀的学习2)能够掌握并运用构词法分解单词。
2、语法1)掌握定语句式的用法;2)理解定从、状语从句等重点语法点。
二、一周小测1、单词decision decisiveconcise preciseprecisely precisionsuicide scissorsdecline inclineinclination climaxcliff clientclimate clinicflexible Inflexibledeflect deflectioninflect reflectreflexion reflectionduring durableduration enduranceendure influenceinfluenza influentialaffluence affluentfloat flushfluid fluencyfluent fluctuateflu floodflow2、句子分解及翻译1)The definition also excludes the majority of teachers,despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)2)They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.作业精讲1、The definition also excludes the majority of teachers,despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living..句子成分：1)让步状语;2)同位语从句;3)定语从句。
2015年考博英语词汇
⼀、98%的⾼校在试卷的第⼀部分或者第⼆部分以词汇题形式考查词汇：考查形近词，例如：The lawyer ________ his ideas loudly and clearly in court, which surprised her a great deal.（中科院；2010）A．acclaimed B．admonished C．addressed D．asserted考查词组搭配，例如：Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing” form human beings is a question that________a wide solution.（北⼤；2011）A. admits ofB. requires ofC. needs ofD. seeks of考查近义词，例如：We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data, a product or a financial reward.（医学；2011）A. intelligibleB. infinitiveC.substantialD.deficient常见的有六种题型：（1）以动词为中⼼与其他词搭配（2）近义词辨析（3）近形异义词（4）同根词辨析（5）词义辨析（6）固定搭配。
更多请详见班级课程⾥详解。
⼆、词汇在听⼒、阅读、完形、翻译、写作各专项中得到考查。
“no bricks, no mansions”，词汇量的不⾜会严重制约听、说、读、写、译等诸多能⼒的提⾼。
没有⼀定词汇量的基础，英语词汇与语法结构、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作也就成了“空中楼阁”。
2015年考博英语词汇复习指南
2015年考博英语词汇复习指南已公布，具体内容请各位考⽣及时查看如下，尽请关注！pace n．速度pacific a．和平的 a．性情温和的pal n．伙伴，好朋友，v．交友pamphlet n．⼩册⼦panel n．讨论⼩组，仪表板panic n．恐慌，惊惶pant n．⽓喘；⼼跳 vi.⽓喘panther n．豹，⿊豹；美洲狮pantry n．⾷品柜，餐具室pants n．裤⼦；男⽤短衬裤paper n．纸；官⽅⽂件；⽂章 vt.⽤纸包装(或覆盖)parachute n．降落伞；风散种⼦parade n．*；检阅 vt.夸耀(才能等)paragraph n．(⽂章的)段，节 n．⼩新闻，短评paralyse vt．使⿇痹，使瘫痪parameter n．参数, 参量, <⼝>起限定作⽤的因素participant n．参加者 a.有份的participate vi．参与，参加；分享 vi．参与 vt.分享particular a．特殊的；特定的 a．苛求的；特称的partition n．⽠分，隔开passport n．护照 n．达到⽬的的⼿段pasture n．牧场；牲畜饲养patent adj．专利的,显着的,新奇的pathetic adj．引起怜悯的，令⼈难过的patriot n．爱国者，爱国主义者patriotic a．爱国的patrol n．巡逻 n．巡逻，巡查patron n．主顾；赞助⼈；庇护⼈pattern n．模式，图案；花样peacock n．孔雀peak v．憔悴，消瘦peck n．啄痕,啄⾷,许多 ,轻吻peculiarity n．特性；特质pedal n．踏板peddler n. ⼩贩，传播者pedestrian adj．徒步的，缺乏想像的呆板的 n．⾏⼈pedlar n．(挨户兜售的)⼩贩peel vt．剥(⽪)，削(⽪) n.果⽪，蔬菜⽪peer n．同等之⼈，同辈penalty n．刑罚,罚款,报应pendulum n．摆，钟摆．penetration n．穿透，洞察⼒perception n．洞察⼒，理解⼒perch v．（鸟）栖息 n．鲈鱼perfection n．尽善尽美；⽆⽐精确peril n．危险perimeter n．周长,周界periodic n．周期的；⼀定时期的periodical n．期刊peripheral adj．边缘的，周边的perish v．死，暴卒．perpendicular adj．垂直的perpetual adj．永久的,不断的perplex vt．迷惑，困惑，难住persecute vt．迫害,虐待,困扰persevere vi．坚持不懈；不屈不挠persist vi．存留，持续；坚持不懈persistence n．坚持；持续，存留personality n.个性，⼈格personnel n．全体⼈员，全体职员 n．⼈事部门persuasion n．劝说，说服；主张pertinent adj．相关的,中肯的,切题的pest n．害⾍，讨厌的⼈或物petition vt．vi．请求,恳求,请愿 n.请愿, 情愿书petty adj．⼩的, 不重要的, ⼩规模的, ⼩型的, 细微的, ⼩器的, 卑鄙的photoelectric a．光电的photography n．摄影术physical a．⾃然的physically ad.物质上；体格上pickle n．腌制⾷品，泡菜pier n．桥墩，码头pierce v．刺透，穿过pilgrim n．朝圣客，⾹客pineapple n．凤梨，波萝pious adj．虔诚的, 尽责的pipe n．管⼦，导管；烟⽃ n．管乐器pirate n．海盗，剽窃者v．盗印,掠夺piston n．活塞pitch n．沥青,柏油 n．⾳调(⾳符之⾼低)plague n．瘟疫,讨厌的⼈或物 v．烦扰plain n．平原 a.坦⽩的；普通的plastic adj．可塑的 n．塑胶plateau n．⾼地,⾼原稳定platform n．平台；站台；讲台 n．政纲，党纲，宣⾔plea n．请愿，请求，恳求plead v．恳求,提出…为理由pledge n．誓⾔ vt.使发誓pluck 1. n．猛拉,动物内脏, 弹奏 2. n．勇⽓，胆量在困难⾯前⾜智多谋的勇⽓和胆量；精⼒congeal 凝结,冻僵congenial 意⽓相投,友善的congenital 天⽣的congest 拥塞conglomerate 聚集congregate 聚集congress 会议,⼤会conjunction 结合,连结conjure 以咒召魂,变魔术,恳求connect 连接connote 含意,暗⽰conquer 征服,克服conquest 征服conscience 良⼼conscientious 正直,有良⼼的conscious ⾃觉,知道的consecrate 奉为神圣consecutive 连续的consensus ⼀致的意见consent 允许,同意consequence 结果conserve 保全,保存consist 为...所制成,组成console 安慰consolidate 巩固consonant ⼀致,相称的consort 结交constant 不断,持久的constellation 星座,星群constitute 构成,任命constrain 强迫construct 建筑construe 解释,翻译consume 消耗,浪费consummate 完成contact 接触contagious 传染性的contain 包含,容纳contaminate 污染contemporary 同时代的contend 竞争content 使满⾜,使满意contest ⽐赛,争⽃contiguous 接触,邻近的contort 扭歪,歪曲contour 轮廓,外形contract 缩短,省略contribute 贡献,捐助convene 召开,召集,集合converge 集中於⼀点,使聚合converse 谈话convert 改变convey 传达,运送convict 宣告有罪convince 使相信,说明convivial 欢乐,快活的convoy 护送convulse 痉挛,抽搐,震撼,使不安cooperate 合作,协同coordinate 同等的correct 改正,修正correlate 使相关连correspond 调合,符合corroborate 证实corrode 腐蚀,侵蚀corrugate 使起皱纹corrupt 使腐坏,败坏TopCONTRA-,CONTRO-,COUNTER-against相对,反对字⾸ contra,contro,counter 源⾃拉丁⽂介系词,副词 contra,意为相对,反对.拉丁⽂将 contra 和 contro 视作字⾸,例如 contradict v. [否认],contrary a.[反对的],controversy n. [争论] 等字,是 contradicere,contrarius,controversia 等拉丁⽂转变⽽来. counterv. [抵抗],是⽐较特别的例⼦,以字⾸形态单独演变成⼀个动词.contradict 否认,⽭盾contrary 相反的contrast 差异contravene 抵触,否定,反驳controversy 争论,辩论controvert 否定,反驳,争论counter 反对,对抗counteract 消解,抵消counterattact 反攻,反击counterbalance 弥补,使抵消counterfeit 伪造,假冒的countermand 撤回,取消counterpart 极相似的⼈,配对的东西countervail 抵消,对抗Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.ban abolish abort cancel cross out wipe out put off delaydesert/forsake/ leave / cease / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /quit/ withdraw /give upabide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover adapt)Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stayYou have to keep ______ with the times.Abreast/up catch up with go along with fit in withabsorb He was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear you call.engage/occupy/bend over/involve/be busy withAbundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and gameaccess In many schools, students don’t have sufficient access to the library.Way/approach/solution/answer/Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at handHis words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance according fit)I’m in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion to account He asked no one’s advice; he did it on his own (account).independentlyYou have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respect/mindGive us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tale/statementHe has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate)acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secureactive He is very active in politics.Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiasticadapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.Adjust/accommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fitaccustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be familiar with)admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/c o n f e s s / a c k n o w l e d g e / a d o p t ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 8 " > a d e q u a t e T h e i r e a r n i n g s a r e b a r e l y a d e q u a t e t o t h e i r n e e d s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 9 " > e n o u g h / s u f f i c i e n t / s a t i s f a c t o r y / p l e n t y / a m p l e / p >。
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2015北京师范大学考博英语真题词汇速成法词汇体系•第一部分→上帝造人→身体部位及人物关系•第二部分→上帝造人→人的行为动作•第三部分→精神世界→思维活动•→情感活动•第四部分→人与自然→自然动态•→自然万物•第五部分→人与社会→管理阶层•→社会行为第一部分身体部位及人物关系（一）眼spec, spect, spic, spise看respectrespectable adj. 值得尊敬的Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is ___ CA. influentialB. modestC. respectableD. talented (2011. Text 1-22)respectful a. 恭敬的，尊敬的disrespectful a. 无礼的respective a. 各自的respectively ad. 各自地retrospect n.回顾，追溯vt.回顾，追忆vi. 回顾，追溯，回想….raising a child can bring happiness in retrospect…..(2011 text 4)prospect n. 前途；预期vt.(for)勘探，勘察The prospect seems remote. (2010. Text 1).a. 预期的，未来的expectexpectation n. 期待；预期；指望Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. (2006 Text 4-40 B) Expected adj. 预期的；预料的…the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. (2005 Writing).n. 期待，期望unexpected adj. 意外的，想不到的inspectinspection n. 视察，检查inspector n.检查员，巡视员Perspective n.透视图；观点；远景from the middle-class family perspective…despise vt. 鄙视，看不起suspect n. 嫌疑犯adj. 可疑的v. 怀疑；猜想suspicion n. 1. 怀疑2. 一点儿suspicious a. 1. 猜疑的2. 可疑的conspicuous a. 显眼的，明显的This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.46.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.n.1.场面 2. 景象3. [pl.]眼镜a. 壮观的n.惊人之举n. 观众，旁观者speculate vi.推测2. 投机vt. 推测n. 思索，做投机买卖a. 思索的，推测的aspect n. 1.方面2.方向3. 面貌，外观n.1.光谱 2.范围，幅度vid,vis,看见video n. 录相带a. 视频的view n. 1. 看法2. 景色vt. 看待viewpoint n. 观点visitor n. 参观者，访问者，来客evident a. 明显的，明白的review n./vt. 1. 审查2. 复习3. 评论4. 检阅visibleinvisible 看不见的，无形的visulize 使可视化，使具体化，使形象化visual 视力的visit 参观vision n.视力，洞察力；想象力，幻觉。
visionary 幻想的，幻觉的envision 正视，面对advise 劝告，建议advisory 劝告的，忠告的supervise 监督supervisor n. 监督人，管理人supermarket supermansuperstition 迷信revise 修正，修改revision n.修正，修订opt（=vision）看,光optical a. 光（学）的；眼的，视力的；视觉的optic adj.眼的，视觉的，光学上的optician n.1.眼镜商，2.眼镜商店3.光学仪器制造者optics n.光学adopt vt.1.收养2.采取，采纳，采用3.正式通过，批准opt vi.（for）选择，挑选optimum a.最合适的，最优的，最佳的option n.选择,选择权，选择自由,选修课optional a.可以任选的，非强制的，选修的optimism n.乐观，乐观主义optimist n.乐观主义者optimal a.最佳的，最理想的，最令人满意的（二）耳audi , aud=to hear听audio a. 音频的，听觉的radiovideopianosoloaudible a.听得见的audience n.听众，观众audit vt/n.1.审计2.旁听auditor n.1.审计员2.旁听生 3.听者auditorium n. 1.观众席2.礼堂inaudible adj. 听不见的（三）口dict,dic,dit 说，宣称predict vt. 预言，预测，预告真题例句: And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment... （2008 阅读Text 3）indict vt.1.谴责，指责2.控告，起诉，告发verdict n.1.裁定2.定论，判断性意见addict n.有瘾/入迷的人vt.使成瘾/入迷dedicate vt.1.题献词2. 把（一生等）献给真题例句: . ...the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depict ing happiness…（2006阅读Text 4）contradict vt.反驳，与…发生矛盾，与…抵触contradiction n.1.矛盾，不一致 2.否认，反驳indicate vt.1.标示，指示2.表明，示意indication n.1.指示，表示 2.象征，迹象indicative a.标示的, 陈述的n.陈述语气dictation 听写fab,fam,fess 说profess vt.1.表示，承认2. 宣誓入教3.以为职业profession n. 职业,[the ～] 同行, 表白,入教的誓言professional a.职业的n.自由职业者，专业人员vacation vocationvacationvocationconfess vt.&vi.1.坦白，供认2.承认log,loqu,locut,说话dialog n.对话，对白n.逻辑（学）的，符合逻辑的 2.合乎常理的n.航行日志.日志,原木vt.&vi.记录,伐木eloquent a.1.雄辩的，有说服力的2.明白显示的monologue n.1. 滔滔不绝的话2.独白slogan n.标语，口号，广告语拓展：uni- sol mono-unifieduniform 制服universeunite 统一unique 独一无二的，独特的isolate 使隔绝，使孤独sole adj, 唯一的solo 独奏，独唱solar adj.阳光的，日光的solitary 独自的，独居的，隐居的，lead a solitary life,过着独居的生活desolate 荒凉的，使荒凉。
console 舒适，给人以安慰monologue 独白，自言自语dialogue 对话monotonous 单调的，无聊的。
claim, clam (= cry out, to shout, to call)大叫claim vt. 1. 声称2.索取n. 1. 要求，声称acclaim vt. 向…欢呼n. 称赞exclaim v. 呼喊，惊叫exclamation n. 感叹，感叹语proclaim vt. 1. 宣告，显示proclamation n. 宣言，公告reclaim vt. 1. 要回2.开拓3. 回收利用voc，voke，vot，vow（=to sound；call）喊voice n. 1.嗓音2. 发言权vt.说（话）advocate vt. 拥护n. 拥护者ad为强调devote v.1. 将奉献给2. 宣誓给予evoke vt. 唤起，引起provoke vt. 1. 对挑衅2. 激起revokevote n./v. 票2. 投票veto n. 否决vocabulary n. 词（汇）表vocal a.直言不讳的，嗓音的n. [pl.] 声乐节目vocationvacationspir（=to breathe；mind）呼吸spirit n. 1. 精神，幽灵，志气; [pl.]烈酒spiritual a. 精神（上）的respire v. 呼吸respiration n. 呼吸aspire vi.（to，after）渴望，追求n. 有抱负者a.上进的n.1. 热望2. 发音时的送气conspire v.1. 密谋2.（事件等）巧合conspiracy n. 阴谋，密谋expire vi. 1. 期满2. 断气inspire vt. 1. 鼓舞2. 给以灵感inspiration n. 1. 灵感 2. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）v .1. 出汗2. 分泌perspiration n. 1. 排汗2. 汗液（四）头cap (=head头)cap n.帽子，军帽，巅峰，vt.戴帽子，盖在…顶上capital n.首都，首府,资本,大写字母a.大写的死罪的真题例句: The railroad industry... still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. (2003 阅读Text 3）capitalism n.资本主义真题例句: Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nin eteenth century “free enterprise” capitalism? (1993 阅读Text 2）captain n.1.船长，机长2.上尉，队长，领队cape n.1.斗篷，披肩2.海角，岬cap, cop, cup, cab 抓取；控制；容纳capable n.1.（实际）能力2.潜能，性能3.容量真题例句: ...lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands .（2001阅读Text 4）capacity n.1.容量，容积2.才能3.身份，职位真题例句: ...they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing... (2002知识运用）capsule n.1.胶囊（剂）2.航天舱，密封舱captive a.被俘虏的，被捕获的n.俘虏真题例句: Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more... (2003阅读Text 3）captivate vt.迷住，迷惑capture vt.1.俘虏2.夺得n.俘获，捕获真题例句: Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. (2007阅读Text 2）occupy vt.1.占领，占，占用2，使忙碌，使从事真题例句: Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better. （2006 阅读Text 2）occupation n.1.工作2.（人）从事的活动3.占领cab n.1.出租汽车2.司机室，驾驶室3.轻便马车cabin n. 1.小木屋2.机舱，船舱cable n. 缆绳，电缆,（海底）电报vt.给发电报（五）手ag,act（=to do；to drive做，行动，驱动）act v. 表演，起作用n. 行动,法案,一幕真题例句: Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. （2007阅读Text 4）actor n.（男）演员actress n.女演员active a.1.活跃的，积极的2.主动的，起作用的真题例句: A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want ……（2003知识运用）activate vt.使活动起来，使开始起作用真题例句: Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system. (1997阅读Text 3）activist n.激进主义分子，积极参加政治活动的人activity n.1.活动，行动2.活跃，活力真题例句: . ...enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. （2006阅读part B）actual a.实际的，事实上的，真实的真题例句: The mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. (2005阅读Text 1）actuate vt.使行动，驱使inactive a. 无行动的，怠惰的,非活动的,无作用agency n.代理行，经销处,专门行政部门真题例句: Manpower Inc., with 560 000 workers, is th e world’s largest temporary employment agency. (1997知识运用）agent n.代理人，代理商，特工，政府代表,原因,剂真题例句: the site’s “personal search agent” (2004阅读Text 1）agenda n.议事日程，记事册真题例句: And since these messages have an agenda-to lure us to open our wallets-they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. （2006 阅读Text 4）enact vt.1.制定（法律）2.上演，扮演exact a.精确的，确切的vt.强求，要求，索取真题例句: ...all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. （1993翻译）a.1.要求严格的2.需要付出很大努力的react v.反应，反抗fact，fect，fict，feat，feit，fat，fet，fit做factory n.工厂，制造厂facility n.1.[pl.]设备，设施，2.便利，容易，方便facilitate vt．使变得（更）容易，使便利faculty 1,能力2，学院，3 全套教员fact n.1.事实2.实情，真相3.真实性4.（犯罪）行为真题例句: These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. (2008 知识运用)factual a.1.事实的，实际的2.根据事实的真题例句: He has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems（2006翻译）factor n.因素，要素，动因affect v影响,（疾病）侵袭, 感到非常地悲伤或怜悯真题例句: And should one country take upon itself the role of defending competition on issues that affect many other nations... （2001阅读Text 4）defect n.缺点，缺陷，毛病vi.变节，叛变infectious a.1.传染的，有传染性的 2.有感染力的infect vt.1.传染，感染 2.影响infection n.1.传染病 2.传染，传播，感染真题例句: ...some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections. （2008知识运用）perfect a.完美的，完全的,（动词）完成时的vt. 改善perfectly a.极佳的，完美的ad.很，完全，完美地perfection n.完成性质或状态,行为或过程, 完美的人或事imperfection n.1.不完美，非理想性2.缺点，瑕疵deficit n.赤字，亏空，亏损effect n.结果,效力.[pl.]个人财产vt.实现，引起真题例句: First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. (1997阅读Text 3)effective a.1.有效的，2.给人印象深刻的3.实际effectivity n.效力，效果，有效性effectiveness = effectivity效率，效能，功效真题例句: . ... the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry. （2000翻译）efficient a.效率高的，有能力的; 共同作用的，合作的真题例句: At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. (1994 阅读Text 2)proficiency n.熟练，精通proficient n.能手，专家 a. 精通的，熟练的profit n.益处，收益vt.有益于vi. 得益profitable a.有利可图的，有益的feat n.功绩，伟业，技艺feature n.特征面貌,特写, vt.突出，主演真题例句：It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then Emails them when a matching position is posted in the database. （2004阅读Text 1）（六）人物关系dem，demo (=the people) 民众democracy 民主真题例句：On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.一方面，它为分析像公正、民主以及自由这样的概念提供机会。