译林牛津版六年级知识点整理

知识点归纳

班级: 姓名:

句子时态归纳

一、一般现在时(句子中通常有always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every…, on Mondays/…)

1、句型结构:主语+V、(s)

如果主语就是三单,谓语动词加s或者es、

例如:Helen likes listening to music、My sister has a toy cat、

如果主语不就是三单,谓语动词用原形。

例如:I like listening to music、I have a toy cat、

2、动词+s/es形式

(1)一般动词后加s 如reads

(2)以s、x 、ch、sh 结尾,加es 如watches

(3)以辅音字母+o 结尾,一般加es 如goes

(4)辅音+y 结尾,变y为i ,再加es如worries、

二、一般现在进行时(句子中通常有now,listen, look, 具体时间等)

1、句型结构:主语+ be +V、ing

例如:I am singing in the classroom、Liu Tao is reading in the bedroom、

2、动词ing形式

(1)一般情况直接加ing, play —playing

(2)以不发音的“e”结尾,去“e”加ing,skate —skating

(3)双写词尾字母加ing,sit—sitting, swim—swimming, run—running,

put—putting, get—getting, begin—beginning,

shop—shopping, stop—stopping

三、一般过去时(句子中通常有just now,…ago,yesterday,last…, before等)

1、句型结构:主语+ V、ed

谓语动词加ed(不规则动词:go-went,come-came等)

例如:I listened to music last night、Liu Tao went to the zoo yesterday、

2、动词ed形式

(1)一般情况直接+ed

e、g、play – played

(2)闭音节单词双写末尾单词+ed

e、g、stop – stopped, shop – shopped

(3)原形与过去式同型

e、g、read-read,hit-hit, put-put,let-let,cut-cut,lose—lost

(4)以辅音+y结尾去y变i+ed

e、g、copy-copied,cry-cried,study-studied,become-became

(5)不规则动词的过去式

is-was am-was are-were do-did can-could begin-began bring-brought buy-bought catch-caught teach-taught

choose-chose come-came get-got draw-drew keep-kept

drive-drove eat-ate find-found fly-flew forget-forgot

hear-heard give-gave go-went grow-grew have-had

drink-drank try--tried know-knew learn-learnt/learned make-made

send-sent meet-met hold--held wear--wore ride-rode

ring-rang run-ran say-said see-saw shall-should

sing-sang sit-sat sleep-slept speak-spoke spend-spent

stand-stood sweep-swept swim-swam take-took teach-taught 四、一般将来时(句子中通常有tomorrow,next…,soon,this afternoon,this evening)

谓语动词结构就是:be going to +do(表示计划、打算做…) 或者will +do(表示即将发生…)

句型结构:主语+ be going to / will + V、原形

例如: I am going to have an English lesson tomorrow、He will have an English lesson tomorrow、

动词使用

1、用动词原形

(1)情态动词:can,can’t ,should,shouldn’t,must,mustn’t,could,couldn’t,will,won’t 后面用动词原形,

(2)助动词do,don’t, does,doesn’t,did,didn’t后面用动词原形。

(3)let,help 后面用动词原形

2、动词加ing

like doing, love doing, go doing, finish doing, stop doing

No doing(禁止做某事e、g、No eating or drinking、)

介词(be good at,about,for)后面动词加ing等

3、加to加动词原形

want to do,would like to do,have to do(不得不做某事),be going to do ,how to do(怎么样做某事),it’s time to do(…的时间到了), forget to do…

(忘记做……), remember to do(记得做…),try to do (试着做…),use/reuse to do(用/再利用…做…),

主格,宾格,形容词性物主代词

主格宾格形物

我(的) I me my

我们(的) we us our

您(的) you you your

您们(的) you you you

她(的) he him his

她(的) she her her

它(的) it it its

她们(的) they them their

动词与介词后用宾格:

动词如:help( help me) / let (let us) / make (you) …

介词如:for(me) / from(him) /to (you) …

名词使用

1、a lot of,lots of,some,a few,many,how many后面加可数名词复数,

a lot of,lots of,some,a little,much,how much后面加不可数名词。

2、可数名词与不可数名词的分类

可数名词不可数名词sweet(s), cake(s), ice cream(s), egg(s),

noodle(s), hamburger(s), sandwich(es),

hot dog(s), lollipop(s), sausage(s), steamed bun(s), vegetable(s), carrot(s), bean(s), tomato(es), potato(es), apple(s), pear(s), peach(es), mango(es), grape(s)

…water, milk, juice, coffee, cola, tea, soup, porridge, cereal, rice, bread, meat

…

3、名词单复数

(1)一般情况,+s

(2)名词以s、x、sh、ch结尾,+es

(3)名词以“o”结尾,有生命的+es (如potato —potatoes);无生命的+s(如photo —photos)

(4)名词以“y”结尾,元音(a,e,i,o,u)+y结尾——直接+s;

辅音+y结尾——去y变i+es

(5)名词以“f”/“fe”结尾,去f/fe变ve+s

(6)特殊:man——men, tooth——teeth,foot——feet,child——children

形容词,副词

1、形容词用于修饰名词:He is a happy boy、副词用于修饰动词:He always sing happily、

2、连系动词用形容词修饰:be动词(is, am, are), look, feel, keep, smell, taste, sound, get, become, make

…

举例:look happy, feel good, keep healthy, smell nice, taste good, sound good, become sunny

3、形容词到副词的变化规律

形容词副词形容词副词形容词副词

一般情况直接+ly 特殊变化辅音+y结尾, 去y变i +ly

beautiful beautifully good well happy happily

careful carefully 形容词、副词同形angry angrily

loud loudly high high easy easily

bad badly fast fast busy busily

excited excitedly early early heavy heavily

quiet quietly late late

quick quickly

slow slowly

sad sadly

动词变职业名词

1、动词+er/r结尾:

play --- player, teach --- teacher, sing --- singer, work --- worker,

clean --- cleaner, drive --- driver, write --- writer, dance --- dancer,

paint --- painter,love --- lover, travel --- traveller

2、+or

visit --- visitor

3、-ist结尾:

piano --- pianist,science --- scientist, art --- artist,牙医dentist

4、- man结尾:

post --- postman, milk --- milkman, space --- spaceman, fire --- fireman___

5、男/女职业:

police --- policeman(男),police --- policewoman(女)

act --- actor(男), act --- actress(女)

wait --- waiter(男), wait --- waitress(女)

6、医生doctor,护士nurse,农民farmer,宇航员astronaut

7、China中国-Chinese中国人

America美国-American美国人

France法国-French法国人

the UK英国-British英国人England英国- English英国人

Australia澳大利亚- Australian澳大利亚人

Japan日本- Japanese 日本人

the US/ America美国- American 美国人

句型转化

一、一般疑问句做法:

(1)有Be动词(am\is \ are\was\were)时,将Be动词提到句首,剩余部分照抄;

(2)有情态动词can/would/must/will/should时,将can/would/must/will/should提到句首,剩余部分照抄;

(3)没有Be动词(am\is \ are\was\were)与情态动词can/would/must/will/should时,句首用助动词do/does/did;

(4)注意点:I变you, my 变your, us变you, me变you, our 变your、some变any

二、否定句

(1)在句中的动词am\is \ are\was\were或can/would/must/will/should后面加not、

或(2)如果没有am\is \ are\was\were或can/would/must/will/should就在动词前加don’ｔ

, doesn’ｔdidn’t、

三、划线部分提问:根据划线内容找到疑问词。

问物品:what 问时间:what time 问地点:where

问数量:how many 问年龄: how old 问价格:how much

问颜色:what colour 问人名: who 问谁的:whose

问形状:what shape

(注意问正在做某事问句句型: What …… doing?)

四、同义句

1、It’s time to 加动词原形= It’s time for 加名词

e、g、It’s time to have lunch、It’s time for lunch、

2、send sb、sth、= send sth、to sb、

e、g、Please send me some photos、= Please send some photos to me、

3、show sb、sth、= show sth、to sb、

e、g、Please show me some photos、= Please show some photos to me、

4、buy sb、sth、= buy sth、for sb、

e、g、Please buy me some photos、= Please buy some photos for me、

5、How about…? = What about…?

6、What time is it? = What is the time?

7、What is the weather like? = How is the weather?

8、come from = be from

e、g、Where do you come from? = Where are you from?

I come from China、= I am from China、

9、What + 名词短语！= How +形容词+名词！

e、g、What a nice book! = How nice the book is!

10、be good at=do well in

m good at playing basketball、=I do well in playing basketball、

eg: I’

11、look after=take care of

Eg: You should look after your little sister、= You should take care of your little sister、

12、He walks to school every day、=He goes to school on foot every day、

几点补充说明

1、excited用来形容人,exciting用来形容事物,excitedly用来形容人的动作。

2、There be句型

(1)就近原则。例如:There is an apple and some pears、

There are some pears and an apple、

(2)问物的问句只能:What is +方位词

例如: What’s on the desk? There are some books、

(3)there be句型的将来时态:

There is/are going to be…

There will be …

3、序数词

一般词尾加th,

1,2,3,特殊记:one-first,two-second,three-third;

8减t:eight-eighth;9减e:nine-ninth;

ve要用f替:five-fifth,twelve-twelfth;

见y变成i与e,加上th莫忘记:twenty-twentieth,thirty-thirtieth,forty-fortieth;

若要遇见几十几,只变个位就可以:twenty-two(序数词)twenty-second,thirty-nine(序数词)thirty-ninth

还有一点莫忘记,前面还有the

4、日期表达:

日期的表达由以下结构组成:

(1) 序数词月份

(2) the +序数词+of +月份

例如:十月一日1st October 或者the first of October ,

附:月份单词

一月January 二月February 三月March 四月April 五月May

六月June 七月July 八月August 九月September

十月October 十一月November 十二月December

附:星期单词

星期天Sunday 星期一Monday 星期二Tuesday 星期三Wednesday

星期四Thursday 星期五Friday 星期六Saturday

5、时间的表达:

1、直接表达法

A、用基数词+ o'clock来表示整点如:eight o'clock 八点钟

B、用基数词按钟点+ 分钟的顺序直接写出时间、如:six forty 六点四十

2、间接表达法

A、如果分钟数少于30分钟,可用分钟+ past + 钟点表示,如:twenty past four 四点二十

B、如果分钟数多于30分钟,可用(60分钟-原分钟数)+ to +(原钟点数+ 1)表示,如:

8:35 可表示为twenty-five to nine八点三十五(其中的分钟数twenty-five 就是由60分钟减去35分钟得到的;钟点数nine就是由8加上1得到的)、

C、当分钟数就是15分钟时,可用名词quarter (一刻钟)表示、如:7:15可表示为 a quarter past seven

D、当分钟数就是30分钟时,可用名词half (一半)表示、如:9:30 可表示为half past nine

6、rain, rain, rainy区分:

a、There’s a lot of rain in Suzhou in spring、(rain名词,不可数名词)

b、Does it often rain in summer in the UK? (rain动词)

c、It’s often rainy in my hometown、(rainy形容词)

7、help sb、with sth、与help sb do sth、区分

a、Can you help me with my Maths?

b、I often help my parents do housework、

后加形容词。

8、系动词(make, feel, keep, taste, smell, get, look, sound, become, be)

文化小知识:

1、This is an American cowboy、He’s wearing jeans、这就是一个美国牛仔。她正穿着牛仔裤。

2、This is a Scottish man、He’s wearing a kilt、这就是一个苏格兰男人。她正穿着一条苏格

兰短裙。

3、There are three main school holidays in the UK、They are the Easter holiday, the summer holiday and the Christmas holiday、在英国有三个主要的学校假期。它们就是复活节假期,暑假与圣诞节假期。

4、The Americans invented the aeroplane、美国人发明了飞机。

5、The British invented the train、英国人发明了火车。

、

6、In the UK, people call the metro “underground”

、

7、In the US, people call the metro “subway”

8、Earth Day is on 22nd April、地球日在4月22日。

9、World Environment Day is on 5th June、世界环境日在6月5日。

10、Christmas is the most important holiday in the UK、圣诞节就是英国最重要的节日。

11、Chinese New Year is the most important festival in China、We also call it “Spring Festival”、在中国新年就是最重要的节日。

12、Thanksgiving is a very important holiday in the US、在美国感恩节就是一个非常重要的节日。

13、This Aesop’s Fables、You can find many animal stories in it、这就是伊索寓言。您可以

在书中找到很多动物的故事。

14、This is a Chinese idiom book、You can also find many animal stories in it、这就是一本中国成语故事书。您也能在书中找到许多动物故事。

、中国人早餐经常15、Chinese people often have some porridge and steamed buns for breakfast

喝粥,吃包子。

、西方人早餐经常16、Western people often have cereal, bread, eggs and sausages for breakfast

吃麦片,面包,鸡蛋与香肠。

17、In the UK, people drive on the left side of the road、在英国,人们在道路左侧开车。

18、In China, except Hong Kong and Macau, people drive on the right side of the road、在中国,除了香港与澳门,人们在道路的右侧开车。

19、In China, except Hong Kong and Macau, people must first look left, then right and then left again when they cross the road、在中国,除了香港与澳门,人们过马路时,先向左瞧,再向右后,再向左瞧。

20、In the UK, people must first look right, then left and then right again when they cross the road、在英国人们过马路时,先向右瞧,再向左后,再向右瞧。

21、When you go to a Western party, you should take a gift、Do not arrive too early、You can be

a few minutes late、当您去参加一个西方派对时,您应该带上一份礼物。别到的太早。您可以

晚几分钟到。

22、You’ll find the Great Wall, Summer Palace, Palace Museum, Tian’anmen Square, the Bund in China、在中国您可以找到长城,颐与园,故宫,天安门,外滩。

23、You’ll find Yellowstone National Park, the Grand Canyon in the US、在美国,您可以找到黄石国家公园,大峡谷。

24、You’ll find Stonehenge, Buckingham Palace in the UK、在英国,您可以找到巨石阵,白金汉宫。

25、You’ll find Big Ben, London Eye, Tower Bridge in London、在伦敦,您可以找到大本钟,伦敦眼,伦敦塔桥。

26、You’ll find Disneyland, Ocean Park in Hong Kong、在香港,您可以找到迪士尼乐园,海洋公园。

27、You’ll find the Great Barrier Reef, Uluru in Australia、在澳大利亚,您可以找到大堡礁,乌鲁鲁巨石。

28、You’ll find Niagara Falls in Canada、在加拿大,您可以找到尼亚加拉大瀑布。