尼克松与水门事件英文介绍
《水门事件简介》PPT课件
事件
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Elephant
Republican Party
（共和党）
Donkey
Democratic Party
（民主党）
驴象之争
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VS
连任
选举
Richard Milhous Nixon （尼克松）
George McGovern （乔治·麦戈文)
定公布与弹劾尼克松有关的全部证据。7月底，司法委员会陆续通过
了三项弹劾尼克松的条款。尼克松于8月8日11点35分致信国务卿基辛
格宣布将于次日辞职，从而成为美国历史上首位辞职的总统
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尼克松辞职演说节选
• ..... I would say only that if some of my judgments were wrong -and some were wrong -- they were made in what I believed at the time to be the best interests of the nation.
Republican Party
Democratic Party
共和党
民主党
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• 1972年6月17日，以美 国共和党尼克松竞选 班子的首席安全问题 顾问詹姆斯·麦科德（
James W. McCord, Jr.
）为首的5人闯入位于
华盛顿水门大厦的民 主党全国委员会办公
室，在安装窃听器并
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Nixon denied it
• 事件发生后曾一度竭力掩盖开脱，但在随后对这一案件的继续调查中， 尼克松政府里的许多人被陆续揭发出来，并直接涉及到尼克松本人， 从而引发了严重的宪法危机
公众的怒火
美国历史上最不光彩的政治丑闻事件之 一，其对美国本国历史以及整个国际新 闻界都有着长远的影响，在1972年的总 统大选中，为了取得民主党内部竞选策 略的情报，1972年6月17日，以美国共 和党尼克松竞选班子的首席安全问题顾 问詹姆斯· 麦科德（James W. McCord, Jr.）为首的5人闯入位于华盛顿水门大 厦的民主党全国委员会办公室，在安装 窃听器并偷拍有关文件时，当场被捕。 由于此事，尼克松于1974年8月8日宣 布将于次日辞职，从而成为美国历史上 首位辞职的总统。
THE PUBLIC BURNING
CHARACTERS Julius and Ethel Rosenberg----they were United States citizens convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage during a time of war, and executed. Their charges were related to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Vice-President Richard Nixon----is the dominant narrator
TECHNIQUES
《公众的怒火》中,将事实与虚构有机地交织在一起,将 历史神话化,编造了一个当代神话,以虚构的文本揭示了 历史的真实;运用后现代主义元小说戏仿小说这一形式 和叙事本身,把历史事件转变为被称之为小说的语言体 系,在构筑小说幻象的同时又揭露这种幻象,使读者意识 到它远不是现实生活的摹本,而只是作家编撰的故事,从 而导致了传统小说及其叙事在形式上和语言上的解体。 这两种艺术形式揭示:像虚构的小说文本一样,历史与现 实也是虚构的,也是人工制成品。
Watergate Sandal(水门事件)
Resignation SpeechGood evening:This is the 37th time I have spoken to you from this office, where so many decisions have been made that shape the history of this nation. Each time I have done so to discuss with you some matter that I believe affected the national interest. In all the decisions I have made in my public life I have always tried to do what was best for the nation. Throughout the long and difficult period of Watergate, I have felt it was my duty to persevere -- to make every possible effort to complete the term of office to which you elected me. In the past few days, however, it has become evident to me that I no longer have a strong enough political base in the Congress to justify continuing that effort. As long as there was such a base, I felt strongly that it was necessary to see the constitutional process through to its conclusion; that to do otherwise would be unfaithful to the spirit of that deliberately difficult process, and a dangerously destabilizing precedent for the future. But with the disappearance of that base, I now believe that the constitutional purpose has been served. And there is no longer a need for the process to be prolonged.I would have preferred to carry through to the finish whatever the personal agony it would have involved, and my family unanimously urged me to do so. But the interests of the nation must always comebefore any personal considerations. From the discussions I have had with Congressional and other leaders I have concluded that because of the Watergate matter I might not have the support of the Congress that I would consider necessary to back the very difficult decisions and carry out the duties of this office in the way the interests of the nation will require.I have never been a quitter.To leave office before my term is completed is abhorrent to every instinct in my body. But as President, I must put the interests of America first.America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress, particularly at this time with problems we face at home and abroad. To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home. Therefore, I shall resign the Presidency effective at noon tomorrow. Vice President Ford will be sworn in as President at that hour in this office.As I recall the high hopes for America with which we began this second term, I feel a great sadness that I will not be here in this office working on your behalf to achieve those hopes in the next two and a halfyears. But in turning over direction of the Government to Vice President Ford I know, as I told the nation when I nominated him for that office ten months ago, that the leadership of America would be in good hands.In passing this office to the Vice President, I also do so with the profound sense of the weight of responsibility that will fall on his shoulders tomorrow, and therefore of the understanding, the patience, the cooperation he will need from all Americans. As he assumes that responsibility he will deserve the help and the support of all of us. As we look to the future, the first essential is to begin healing the wounds of this nation. To put the bitterness and divisions of the recent past behind us and to rediscover those shared ideals that lie at the heart of our strength and unity as a great and as a free people.By taking this action, I hope that I will have hastened the start of that process of healing which is so desperately needed in America. I regret deeply any injuries that may have been done in the course of the events that led to this decision. I would say only that if some of my judgments were wrong -- and some were wrong -- they were made in what I believed at the time to be the best interests of the nation.To those who have stood with me during these past difficult months, to my family, my friends, the many others who joined in supporting my cause because they believed it was right, I will be eternally grateful for your support. And to those who have not felt able to give me your support,let me say I leave with no bitterness toward those who have opposed me, because all of us in the final analysis have been concerned with the good of the country, however our judgments might differ.So let us all now join together in affirming that common commitment and in helping our new President succeed for the benefit of all Americans.I shall leave this office with regret at not completing my term but with gratitude for the privilege of serving as your President for the past five and a half years. These years have been a momentous time in the history of our nation and the world. They have been a time of achievement in which we can all be proud, achievements that represent the shared efforts of the administration, the Congress and the people. But the challenges ahead are equally great. And they, too, will require the support and the efforts of the Congress and the people, working in cooperation with the new Administration.We have ended America's longest war. But in the work of securing a lasting peace in the world, the goals ahead are even more far-reaching and more difficult. We must complete a structure of peace, so that it will be said of this generation -- our generation of Americans -- by the people of all nations, not only that we ended one war but that we prevented future wars.We have unlocked the doors that for a quarter of a century stood between the United States and the People's Republic of China. We mustnow insure that the one-quarter of the world's people who live in the People's Republic of China will be and remain, not our enemies, but our friends.In the Middle East, 100 million people in the Arab countries, many of whom have considered us their enemy for nearly 20 years, now look on us as their friends. We must continue to build on that friendship so that peace can settle at last over the Middle East and so that the cradle of civilization will not become its grave. Together with the Soviet Union we have made the crucial breakthroughs that have begun the process of limiting nuclear arms. But, we must set as our goal, not just limiting, but reducing and finally destroying these terrible weapons, so that they cannot destroy civilization. And so that the threat of nuclear war will no longer hang over the world and the people. We have opened a new relation with the Soviet Union. We must continue to develop and expand that new relationship, so that the two strongest nations of the world will live together in cooperation rather than confrontation. Around the world -- in Asia, in Africa, in Latin America, in the Middle East -- there are millions of people who live in terrible poverty, even starvation. We must keep as our goal turning away from production for war and expanding production for peace so that people everywhere on this earth can at last look forward, in their children's time, if not in our own time, to having the necessities for a decent life. Here, in America, weare fortunate that most of our people have not only the blessings of liberty but also the means to live full and good, and by the world's standards even abundant lives.We must press on, however, toward a goal not only of more and better jobs but of full opportunity for every American, and of what we are striving so hard right now to achieve -- prosperity without inflation.For more than a quarter of a century in public life, I have shared in the turbulent history of this evening. I have fought for what I believe in. I have tried, to the best of my ability, to discharge those duties and meet those responsibilities that were entrusted to me. Sometimes I have succeeded. And sometimes I have failed. But always I have taken heart from what Theodore Roosevelt once said about the man in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood, who strives valiantly, who errs and comes short again and again because there is not effort without error and shortcoming, but who does actually strive to do the deed, who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions, who spends himself in a worthy cause, who at the best knows in the end the triumphs of high achievements and with the worst if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly.I pledge to you tonight that as long as I have a breath of life in my body, I shall continue in that spirit. I shall continue to work for the great causes to which I have been dedicated throughout my years as a Congressman, aSenator, Vice President and President, the cause of peace -- not just for America but among all nations -- prosperity, justice and opportunity for all of our people.There is one cause above all to which I have been devoted and to which I shall always be devoted for as long as I live.When I first took the oath of office as President five and a half years ago, I made this sacred commitment: to consecrate my office, my energies, and all the wisdom I can summon to the cause of peace among nations. I've done my very best in all the days since to be true to that pledge. As a result of these efforts, I am confident that the world is a safer place today, not only for the people of America but for the people of all nations, and that all of our children have a better chance than before of living in peace rather than dying in war.This, more than anything, is what I hoped to achieve when I sought the Presidency.This, more than anything, is what I hope will be my legacy to you, to our country, as I leave the Presidency.To have served in this office is to have felt a very personal sense of kinship with each and every American.In leaving it, I do so with this prayer: May God's grace be with you in all the days ahead.Richard M. Nixon - August 8, 1974Farewell Address to White House Cabinet and Staff Members of the Cabinet, members of the White House Staff, all of our friends here:I think the record should show that this is one of those spontaneous things that we always arrange whenever the President comes in to speak, and it will be so reported in the press, and we don't mind, because they have to call it as they see it.But on our part, believe me, it is spontaneous.You are here to say goodbye to us, and we don't have a good word for it in English -- the best is au revoir. We'll see you again.I just met with the members of the White House staff, you know, those who serve here in the White House day in and day out, and I asked them to do what I ask all of you to do to the extent that you can and, of course, are requested to do so: to serve our next President as you have served me and previous Presidents -- because many of you have been here for many years -- with devotion and dedication, because this office, great as it is, can only be as great as the men and women who work for and with the President.This house, for example -- I was thinking of it as we walked down this hall, and I was comparing it to some of the great houses of the world that I have been in. This isn't the biggest house. Many, and most, in even smaller countries, are much bigger. This isn't the finest house. Many inEurope, particularly, and in China, Asia, have paintings of great, great value, things that we just don't have here and, probably, will never have until we are 1,000 years old or older.But this is the best house. It is the best house, because it has something far more important than numbers of people who serve, far more important than numbers of rooms or how big it is, far more important than numbers of magnificent pieces of art.This house has a great heart, and that heart comes from those who serve. I was rather sorry they didn't come down, We said goodbye to them upstairs. But they are really great. And I recall after so many times I have made speeches, and some of them pretty tough, yet, I always come back, or after a hard day -- and my days usually have run rather long -- I would always get a lift from them, because I might be a little down but they always smiled.And so it is with you. I look around here, and I see so many on this staff that, you know, I should have been by your offices and shaken hands, and I would love to have talked to you and found out how to run the world -- everybody wants to tell the President what to do, and boy, he needs to be told many times -- but I just haven't had the time. But I want you to know that each and every one of you, I know, is indispensable to this Government.I am proud of this Cabinet. I am proud of all the members who haveserved in our Cabinet. I am proud of our sub-Cabinet. I am proud of our White House Staff. As I pointed out last night, sure, we have done some things wrong in this Administration, and the top man always takes the responsibility, and I have never ducked it. But I want to say one thing: We can be proud of it -- 5 1/2 years. No man or no woman came into this Administration and left it with more of this world's goods than when he came in. No man or no woman ever profited at the public expense or the public till. That tells something about you.Mistakes, yes.But for personal gain, never. You did what you believed in. Sometimes right, sometimes wrong. And I only wish that I were a wealthy man -- at the present time, I have got to find a way to pay my taxes -- and if I were, I would like to recompense you for the sacrifices that all of you have made to serve in government.But you are getting something in government -- and I want you to tell this to your children, and I hope the Nation's children will hear it, too -- something in government service that is far more important than money. It is a cause bigger than yourself. It is the cause of making this the greatest nation in the world, the leader of the world, because without our leadership, the world will know nothing but war, possibly starvation or worse, in the years ahead. With our leadership it will know peace, it will know plenty.We have been generous, and we will be more generous in the future aswe are able to. But most important, we must be strong here, strong in our hearts, strong in our souls, strong in our belief, and strong in our willingness to sacrifice, as you have been willing to sacrifice, in a pecuniary way, to serve in government.There is something else I would like for you to tell your young people. You know, people often come in and say, "What will I tell my kids?" They look at government and say, sort of a rugged life, and they see the mistakes that are made. They get the impression that everybody is here for the purpose of feathering his nest. That is why I made this earlier point -- not in this Administration, not one single man or woman.And I say to them, there are many fine careers. This country needs good farmers, good businessmen, good plumbers, good carpenters.I remember my old man. I think that they would have called him sort of a little man, common man. He didn't consider himself that way. You know what he was? He was a streetcar motorman first, and then he was a farmer, and then he had a lemon ranch. It was the poorest lemon ranch in California, I can assure you. He sold it before they found oil on it. [Laughter] And then he was a grocer. But he was a great man, because he did his job, and every job counts up to the hilt, regardless of what happens.Nobody will ever write a book, probably, about my mother. Well, I guess all of you would say this about your mother -- my mother was asaint. And I think of her, two boys dying of tuberculosis, nursing four others in order that she could take care of my older brother for 3 years in Arizona, and seeing each of them die, and when they died, it was like one of her own.Yes, she will have no books written about her. But she was a saint. Now, however, we look to the future. I had a little quote in the speech last night from T.R. As you know, I kind of like to read books. I am not educated, but I do read books -- and the T.R. quote was a pretty good one. Here is another one I found as I was reading, my last night in the White House, and this quote is about a young man. He was a young lawyer in New York. He had married a beautiful girl, and they had a lovely daughter, and then suddenly she died, and this is what he wrote. This was in his diary.He said, "She was beautiful in face and form and lovelier still in spirit. As a flower she grew and as a fair young flower she died. Her life had been always in the sunshine. There had never come to her a single great sorrow. None ever knew her who did not love and revere her for her bright and sunny temper and her saintly unselfishness. Fair, pure and joyous as a maiden, loving, tender and happy as a young wife. When she had just become a mother, when her life seemed to be just begun and when the years seemed so bright before her, then by a strange and terrible fate death came to her. And when my heart's dearest died, the light wentfrom my life forever."That was T.R. in his twenties. He thought the light had gone from his life forever -- but he went on. And he not only became President but, as an ex-President, he served his country, always in the arena, tempestuous, strong, sometimes wrong, sometimes right, but he was a man.And as I leave, let me say, that is an example I think all of us should remember. We think sometimes when things happen that don't go the right way; we think that when you don't pass the bar exam the first time -- I happened to, but I was just lucky; I mean, my writing was so poor the bar examiner said, "We have just got to let the guy through." We think that when someone dear to us dies, we think that when we lose an election, we think that when we suffer a defeat that all is ended. We think, as T.R. said, that the light had left his life forever.Not true. It is only a beginning, always. The young must know it; the old must know it. It must always sustain us, because the greatness comes not when things go always good for you, but the greatness comes and you are really tested, when you take some knocks, some disappointments, when sadness comes, because only if you have been in the deepest valley can you ever know how magnificent it is to be on the highest mountain. And so I say to you on this occasion, as we leave, we leave proud of the people who have stood by us and worked for us and served this country.We want you to be proud of what you have done. We want you to continue to serve in government, if that is your wish. Always give your best, never get discouraged, never be petty; always remember, others may hate you, but those who hate you don't win unless you hate them, and then you destroy yourself.And so, we leave with high hopes, in good spirit, and with deep humility, and with very much gratefulness in our hearts. I can only say to each and every one of you, we come from many faiths, we pray perhaps to different gods -- but really the same God in a sense -- but I want to say for each and every one of you, not only will we always remember you, not only will we always be grateful to you but always you will be in our hearts and you will be in our prayers.Thank you very much.Richard M. Nixon - August 9, 1974。
尼克松
We are caught in war, wanting peace. We are torn by division, wanting unity. We see around us empty lives, wanting fulfillment. We see tasks that need doing, waiting for hands to do them.
To a crisis of the spirit, we need an answer of the spirit.
To find that answer, we need only look within ourselves.
When we listen to "the better angels of our nature," we find that they celebrate the simple things, the basic things—such as goodness, decency, love, kindness. 23
No people has ever been so close to the achievement of a just and abundant society, or so possessed of the will to achieve it. Because our strengths are so great, we can afford to appraise our weaknesses with candor and to approach them with hope.
背景： 上一篇 | 下一篇
英语演讲稿：美国历届总统就职演说之理查德·尼克松
尼克松总统英文演讲稿
尼克松总统英文演讲稿第一篇：尼克松总统英文演讲稿晚上好!亲爱的同胞们：Tonight I want to talk to you on a subject of deep concern to all Americans and to many people in all parts of the world, the war in Vietnam.今晚，我想与各位探讨一个问题，这是所有美国人和全球无数人所深切关注的一个问题——越南战争。
I believe that one of the reasons for the deep division about Vietnam is that many Americans have lost confidence in what their Government has told them about our policy.The American people cannot and should not be asked to support a policy which involves the overriding issues of war and peace unless they know the truth about that policy.我认为，在关于越南战争一事上，大家的观点出现了严重分歧的一个重要原因在于：很多美国民众对我们的政府所宣扬的政策已失去了信心。
当前情况下，除非美国人民真正认清政策本质，否则不能也不应该被要求去支持涉及战争与和平等重大问题的政策。
Tonight, therefore, I would like to answer some of the questions that I know are on the minds of many of you listening to me.所以，今晚，我想借此机会回答一些问题，一些萦绕在你们许多人脑海中的问题。
事件
水门事件百科名片水门事件（Watergate scandal，或译水门丑闻）是美国历史上最不光彩的政治丑闻之一。
其对美国本国历史以及整个国际新闻界都有着长远的影响。
在1972年的总统大选中，为了取得民主党内部竞选策略的情报，1972年6月17日，以美国共和党尼克松竞选班子的首席安全问题顾问詹姆斯·麦科德（James W. McCord, Jr.）为首的5人闯入位于华盛顿水门大厦的民主党全国委员会办公室，在安装窃听器并偷拍有关文件时，当场被捕。
由于此事，尼克松于1974年8月8日宣布将于次日辞职，从而成为美国历史上首位辞职的总统。
有相关影视作品与此相关。
目录[隐藏]事件经过详细介绍起因发展事件结果社会影响影视作品事件经过详细介绍起因发展事件结果社会影响影视作品[编辑本段]事件经过民主党全国总部当时所在地水门大厦在1972年的总统大选中，为了取得民主党内部竞选策略的情报，1972年6月17日，以美国共和党尼克松竞选班子的首席安全问题顾问詹姆斯·麦科德（James W. McCord, Jr.）为首的5人闯入位于华盛顿水门大厦的民主党全国委员会办公室，在安装窃听器并偷拍有关文件时，当场被捕。
事件发生后尼克松曾一度竭力掩盖开脱，但在随后对这一案件的继续调查中，尼克松政府里的许多人被陆续揭发出来，并直接涉及到尼克松本人，从而引发了严重的宪法危机。
1973年10月20日尼克松为了要罢免要求他交出证据的特别检察官，迫使拒绝解任特别检察官的司法部长辞职，司法次长继任司法部长后，又因为拒绝罢免这位特别检察官而辞职，最后司法部的三号人物才答应罢免特别检察官，尼克松更动员FBI封锁特别检察官及司法长官、次长的办公室，宣布废除特别联邦检察局，把此案的调查权移回司法部。
面对尼克松滥用行政权力来维护自己，招来国民严重指责。
因结束越战有功而连任的尼克松因此事垮台10月31日，美国众议院决定由该院司法委员会负责调查、搜集尼克松的罪证，为弹劾尼克松作准备。
水门事件到底有多严重 竟然让尼克松辞去总统职务
水门事件到底有多严重竟然让尼克松辞去总统职务本文导读：水门事件(Watergate scandal)，是1970年代发生在美国的一场政治丑闻。
1972年民主党全国委员会位于华盛顿特区的水门综合大厦发现被人侵入，然而时任总统理查德·尼克松及内阁试图掩盖事件真相。
直至窃听阴谋被发现，尼克松仍然阻挠国会调查，最终导致宪政危机。
尼克松于1974年宣布辞去总统职务。
事件开始于1972年6月17日凌晨，当时美国民主党全国委员会所在地水门综合大厦的保安人员偶然发现，从地下车库通往大厦的门锁，两次遭人以胶布贴住，因此报警。
到场侦办的两名便衣特警意外抓获5个潜入民主党全国委员会总部安装窃听器和拍摄文件的嫌犯。
之后，联邦调查局找到了这伙人的活动资金，这些钱中有不少连号的百元大钞。
由此追查发现，其来源竟然是尼克松的筹款组织：总统竞选连任委员会的政治捐款和经费。
1973年7月，案件的证据，包括前白宫幕僚在联邦参议院水门委员会的证词都开始指向白宫幕僚。
而受到调查的白宫幕僚为了脱身，主动交代理查德·尼克松总统上任后曾在整个白宫安装由语音自动启动的录音系统，并录下白宫中几乎所有的谈话。
而根据对这些录音磁带进行监听后发现，尼克松在水门窃听案发前后，都曾经明示或暗示应该掩盖其上任后无论是由其本人还是下属所有过的一些并不完全合法的行动。
经过一系列的司法诉讼，联邦最高法院作出判决，要求总统必须交出录音带，尼克松总统最终服从了最高法院的判决。
面对国会众议院几乎可以肯定通过的弹劾总统的动议，并且也很可能会被参议院定罪，1974年8月9日，尼克松发表电视讲话正式宣布辞去美国总统职务。
杰拉尔德·福特继任成为新的美国总统后，于9月8日宣布赦免他一切刑事责任。
尼克松与水门丑闻 Nixon & Watergate
Senate Investigation
Chaired by Sam Ervin.
John Dean, the White House Counsel, testifies that there had been a cover up and that Nixon had directed it.
What Happened at the Arrest?
CREEP Burglars are arrested during breakin. People have telephone # to White House. White House denies.
Woodward & Bernstein
This begins America’s move towards conservatism.
Nixon’s Comeback
Had lost to Kennedy in 1960 and then ran for gov. of CA and lost that too.
Claimed to represent the ―Silent Majority,‖ people who were following the rules and not protesting, etc. Said that he would restore ―Law & Order‖ Said that he had a secret plan to end the Vietnam war in which the US would achieve ―Peace with Honor.‖
Bob Woodward & Carl Bernstein were Washington Post reporters on Watergate beat.
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Senate Watergate Hearings
Early in 1973, the U.S. Senate voted to hold hearings on the Watergate Scandal. They began asking for the secret tapes of conversations held in the White House. Nixon refused, making him look even more guilty. When the tapes were finally turned over, there were several conversations that had been erased.
Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
Both of these men were two newspaper reporters for the Washington Post. They begin an investigation into the Watergate scandal and published a series of articles that linked the burglary to the Nixon campaign.
Nixon and Watergate
Ch. 31, Section 2, pgs. 901-908
Presidential Election of 1972
Nixon was worried that he would not get reelected, so he and his aides started doing very illegal actions. He asked his aides for an “enemies list” of people going against his administration. The FBI and IRS were even asked to secretly investigate some of these people.
Nixon’s speech and resignation letter
Gerald Ford pardons Nixon
As President, one of Gerald Ford’s first acts was to pardon Nixon – which made the American public dislike him right away. Pardon – all crimes you have been accused of are erased.
Watergate Scandal
In 1972, a group of men called the “plumbers” were asked by the Nixon administration to gain information about the Democrats’ plan in the election. Members of the Nixon campaign ordered the “plumbers” to break into the headquarters of the Democratic National Convention to install telephone listening devices, or “bugs”. The headquarters was located at the Watergate hotel in Washington, D.C.
Impeachment
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Definition: the constitutional provision to remove a president from office. The U.S. Senate adopted three articles of impeachment on Nixon: Obstruction of justice Abuse of power Contempt of Congress
Nixon resigns
Before he is formally removed from office, Nixon decides to resign on the evening of August 8, 1974. He went on national television to announce his decision. Nixon’s Vice-President, Gerald Ford, is immediately sworn into office.