汉英翻译---谓语的选择 (1)
Lecture 10汉译英谓语的处理

Lecture 10
•
汉译英中谓语的处理
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 8、这时寂静无声。 • silent / silence • 参考译文:It is very quiet at the moment. • 9、屋里有一位客人。 • 参考译文:There is a guest in the room.
• 2、这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。 • There will build more apartment buildings. • Many more apartment buildings will be constructed here. • 参考译文:More apartment buildings will be built here.
Lecture 10
汉译英中谓语的处理
• ―You mean me? Well, yes, I think I could make people dance to my tune. But today it’s another story. It’s not me but others who have changed. People’s moods change everyday.‖
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 11、只有慎之又慎,才能避免犯不必要的 错误。 • The more cautions you pay, the less mistakes you will make. • Only if we being very careful, can we get rid of some errors. • 参考译文:Being very careful, you (we) can avoid making unnecessary mistakes.
(完整版)2013汉英翻译谓语选择

汉英主谓结构的差别
汉语的分析型(analytic)语言VS. 英语的综合型(synthetic)语言 汉语的复杂谓语成分VS.英语的 单一谓语成分 汉语谓语的多主动式VS.英语谓 语的多被动式
分析型语言VS综合型语言 汉语分析型语言典型特征: 1. 无词尾屈折变化 (inflection) 2. 词没有阳性和阴性的变化,没有表阳性和阴性的词
汉语句子中的谓语可以是一个主谓词组,而英语 的句子不可以用主谓词组充当谓语.例如:
他们正在谈论的那位女教师品格正直. The woman teacher they are now talking about is upright.
武汉这个地方,我认为比深圳好. I think WuHan is better than Shenzhen.
谓语成分的复杂性VS单一性
1. Her fiancéis already 60 years old. 2. He wants to eat at the Macdonald’s. 3. Fast food is not wholesome, after all. 4. Samsung Brand cell phones look beautiful. 5. History is made by the people. 6. He is good for nothing but hijacking vehicles
2. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement,
3. but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.
4. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide.
汉英翻译三步策略

汉英翻译三步策略一.确定主语英语的句子中,大多数句子都有主语和谓语。
那么汉英翻译,只要我们能把汉语转变成为准确通顺的英语,就需要搭建英语的主语和谓语等句式结构。
而英语本身语法非常严谨,逻辑非常严密的特点,所以,在汉英翻译中,主语的确定和谓语的选择就是成功构建英语句式结构的关键,也是保证英语译文和汉语原文功能对等的关键。
1. 使用原文主语1) 把汉语原文中的主语直接翻译成英语充当译文的主语,这是一种最简单、最可靠的对应方法,也是我们做汉英翻译“定主语”的时候首先应该考虑的方法。
如:例1.当前,国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。
At present, the international situation is experiencing the most complicated and profound changes since the end of Cold War.例2.和平与发展仍然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两大课题。
Peace and development are still the two subjects confronted with people all over the world.以上两个例子中,汉语句子的主语是名词,由于名词在英语句子中可以直接充当主语,所以在翻译的时候可以直接对应下来,确定这个名词为译文的主语。
2) 汉语和英语都有一个共同的特点,就是代词可以充当主语,所以,我们当然还可以直接选用汉语原文中的代词来充当英语译文的主语。
如:例3.我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国家那样过度消费,比如使用过多的空调、私人汽车、以及随意处理的产品。
We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behavior of over-consumption, such as the excessive use of air conditioners, private cars and disposable products at will.例4.如今我们有许多不同的选择:除传统的家常菜以外,还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。
汉英翻译基础

假设条件: To listen to him, you should not have made mistakes. 你听了他的话就不会犯错误.
连贯动作: Tom got home to begin
immediately repairing the car.
汤姆到了家, 立刻开始修车.
来自(b) S V O OC (adj./n.) E.g. The photograph makes her very young. 这张照片使她看起来非常年轻。 The king married her and made her his queen. 国王娶了她并使她成了王后。 (c) S V O OC (-ing式/-ed式) E.g. That kept her studying. 那样就使她可以继续学习下去。 We want two tickets reserved. 我们要留两张票。 (d) S V + for O OC (to do)
(B). 并行、 方式、 目的、 条件等连动式: 这几种连动 式动词项之间具有某种从逻辑上来讲的状语意义, 这时 可以把次要的具有状语意义的动词译成不定式、分词、 副词、介词短语等在句中作状语. E.g.译成分词: 阿Q对了墙壁跪着也发愣. (dumbfound Vt. 使发愣) Ah Q, kneeling, facing the wall, was dumbfounded too. 译成不定式: “开门, 开门, 老孙来借扇子使使哩!” “Open up! Open up! I’ve come to borrow the fan.” 译成副词: 康大叔 ……冷笑着说: …… Kang … said disdainfully.
汉译英(谓语的确定和否定翻译)

胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。 2、用名词表示施事者,以代替动词(大量由动词派生 的名词) He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃能睡。
英汉语言宏观对比
3、用名词代替形容词,构成标题式短语(名词连用) space shuttle flight test program 航天飞机试飞计划
大学在推动经济增长方面的作用已是有目共睹。 Already, the university’s role as an engine of economic growth is well recognized. 我们的国防变得越来越巩固和强大。 Our national defence becomes more and more consolidatory and powerful. 他在会上说的话非常正确,非常有说服力。 What he said at the meeting is very right and persuasive. 他们的言语和行动充满了信心和自豪。 They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.
4 谓语和主语在人称和数上必须保持一致;
当前,我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。 Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country. 五十英里对我来说是很长一段路程。 Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.
3 用系表结构作谓语; 连系动词之后须带主语补语(Subject complement)) Eg: the capital of the United States was once New York City. The puddle got bigger the more it rained. 这些椅子舒适大方,携带方便。 These chairs are comfortable and convenient to carry. 她变得如此温柔和体贴。 She becomes so gentle and considerable. 在陌生的环境里她感到很不自在。 She didn’t feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings.
汉英翻译中谓语的确定

谓语的选择一、英汉谓语的比较? 英语谓语比较单一,只能由动词或动词短语充当,系动词可看成一种特殊为谓语。
? 英语谓语形态稳定,受语法规范约束,需与主语保持一致关系。
? 英语同一主语下的并列谓语一般不超过三个,多数句子只有一个谓语动词,其他动作概念以非谓语动词、介词短语、名词短语或从句的形式出现。
二、单个谓语的翻译? 如果原文的主谓语不符合英语主谓搭配逻辑,则需要改变主语或谓语。
? 1、这件事告诉我们,他为人不诚实。
? - This incident showed that he was dishonest.? 根据主语,这里的“告诉”用“show”比较合适。
? 2、农村改革中的好多东西,都是基层创造出来的。
? Many of the good ideas in rural reform came from people at the grassroots.? 从逻辑上分析,原文主语实际上是创造对象,创造的主体是“人”,因此译文变更了谓语动词,使主语和谓语构成符合逻辑的搭配,并增补people 一词。
当然,此句也能译成被动句:? Many of good ideas in rural reform are created by people at the grassroots.? 世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。
? -China’s diplomacy is most active at the turn of the century. (*)? -The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.? 分析:前种译法不符合英文主谓搭配。
后种译法以“时间”为主语,以“find”为谓语,是比较典型的“无灵主语句”。
二、根据动宾搭配确定谓语? 动宾搭配是一种常见的搭配形式,汉译英时,如果原文的动宾搭配不符合英语逻辑,而原文的宾语又不宜变动,我们就需要重新选择谓语。
汉英笔译基础教程 翻译技巧及真题[精]
![汉英笔译基础教程 翻译技巧及真题[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/23818479f18583d04864591b.png)
专八翻译技巧
(九)注意时态
翻译时须注意选择合适的时态。
例:中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。 Ancient Chinese always regard "not confined by material, not driven by material" as the major philosophy. 描述的是一般事实,用一般现在时即可。
专八翻译技巧
(二)谓语最小化原则 1.使用介词短语
例:用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪 in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes (is ……
2.使用不定式短语
上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析
(八)英语避免重复
例:背离古训(古老的真理) depart from established maxims / truths time-honored mottos are always ignored
(九)四字词
吃透原文含义。 例:亡国灭种的民族危机 the national crisis 赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water
上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析
(三)谓语最小化(动词转译) 1.动词变成名词
例:坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、重点突破 adhering to the principle of prevention first, comprehensive control, entire push-on and key-point breakthrough
谓语的选择

谓语的选择选择谓语的原则——瞻前顾后1.所谓“瞻前”,谓语要和上文的主语一致例如:一个人的生命究竟有多大意义,这有什么标准可以衡量吗?(05年试题)错译:Are there any standard to measure the significance of one’s life?Is there a criteria to measure how meaningful one’s life is?Are there any criterion to measure the meaning of one’s life?改译:Is there any standard to measure the significance of one’s life?Is there a criterion on the evaluation of the meaning of human life at various degrees?Are there any criteria for the measurement of the significance of life?2.所谓“顾后”,谓语要和下文的宾语搭配例如:温哥华(Vancouver)的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶,其中包括多民族的贡献。
(99年试题)错译:The glory of Vancouver is the wisdom and the diligence of the Vancouver people and includes the contributions of many ethnic groups.The glory of Vancouver is the wisdom and the diligence of the Vancouver people, including the contributions of many ethnic groups.改译:The glory of Vancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of the Vancouver people, including the contributions of many ethnic groups.Vancouver’s prosperity owes to the intelligence and diligence of the people there, as well as to the contributions made by a variety of other ethnic groups.选择谓语的方法——汉英谓语对比法汉语英语1.汉语的动词没有人称、数、时态和语态英语有,所以汉英翻译时,一定要关注主谓一致原则,多注意英语句子的语法结构2.汉语是明显的“动作性语言”,多数句子都有明显的谓语动词英语中只有动词才能做谓语3.汉语中名词、形容词、数词、主谓短语和介词短语可以充当谓语,有“是字句”英语有系表结构4.汉语中有连动式英语中一个句子只有一个主要动词,其他动词可以用and并列,或者用“非谓语动词”连接5.汉语有兼语式英语中有谓语+宾语+补足语6.汉语少用“被字句”,常有“把、受、让、给、由、受到、得到、加以、得以、为…所、由…来、是…的”等句式英语多用被动态7.汉语有存现句英语有there be句型8. 英语有It开头的形式主语,强调结构等句型选择谓语的方法:2.找动词得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,我顿感打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Selection of Predicates
Chinese-English Translation
汉英翻译之“谓语的选择”
翻译要点1:找到主谓结构
• 主谓结构&主次分明 • 翻译时应注意: • 1. 找到主谓结构,就确定了句子的中轴
• 孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。
翻译要点3:注意主谓搭配
• 3. 注意主谓搭配 • Improve the following sentences:
• 1. 你的教学科研取得了很大的进步。 • Your teaching and research has made great progress. • 2. 现在人们的生活离开不了电视。 • Now people’s life can’t leave TV.
• 我今天又累又失望。 a ___________________________ long and rather disappointing day, so… • I’ve had
根据主语调整谓语
• 我今天的糟糕表现可能是功夫史上之 最了。也是中国历史之最,糟糕历史 之最! proபைடு நூலகம்ably sucked more today than anyone in • I ____________________________ the history of Kung Fu… _____________________________ in the history of China…. in the history of sucking.
Movie Lines Translation
Kong Fu Panda
根据主语调整谓语
• 功夫需要勤修苦练,对不对?你胳 膊酸不酸? hard work • That Kung Fu Stuff is_________, right? Are your biceps sore?
根据主语调整谓语
面朝大海,春暖花开
海子
从明天起,做一个幸福的人 喂马,劈柴,周游世界 从明天起,关心粮食和蔬菜 我有一所房子,面朝大海,春暖花开 从明天起,和每一个亲人通信 告诉他们我的幸福 那幸福的闪电告诉我的 我将告诉每一个人 给每一条河每一座山取一个温暖的名字 陌生人,我也为你祝福 愿你有一个灿烂的前程 愿你有情人终成眷属 愿你在尘世获得幸福 我只愿面朝大海,春暖花开
Kong was the only long-gowned customer to drink his wine
standing.
翻译要点 2 : 避免主次混淆
• 2 避免主次混淆 • 四分卫把球夹在臂下冲过了门线。 • 注:四分卫(quarterback是橄榄球赛中的助 理球员。) • Rushing across the goal-line, the quarterback carried the ball under his arm. • 改译:The quarterback rushed across the goal-line with the ball under his arm.