欧洲文化入门-(-九-)
欧洲文化入门

欧洲文化入门1.What did the Roman have in common with the Greeks?And what was the chief difference between them?1)The Romans had a lot in common with the Greeks.Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly,hostile to monarchy and to servility.Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified—Greek Zeus with Roman Jupiter,Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus,and so on—and their myths to be fused. Their languages worked in similar ways and were ultimately related, both being members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Bangladesh to Iceland.(2)There was one big difference.The Romans built up a vast empire. The Greeks didn’t,excepted for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests,which soon disintegrated.1.What was the Hebrew’s major contribution to world civilization?The history of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the form of folktales and stories,which were recorded later in the Old Testament,which still later became the first part of the Christian Bible.The Hebrews’major contribution to world civizalation wan Judasam.2.Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related?⑴it was the Jewish tradition which gave birth to Christianity;⑵both originated in Palestine.1.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the RomanEmpire?After the Roman Empire lost its predominance,a great manyGermanic Kingdoms began to grow into the nations know as England,France, Italy,and Germany in its place.These nations of Western Europe were in the scene of frequent wars and invasions.The political unity had given way to widespread destruction and confusion.Hunger and disease killed many lives and village fell into ruin and great areas of land lay waste.There was no central government to keep the order.The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church. Christianity was almost the all and the one of Medieval lives in western Europe and took lead in politics,law,art,and learning for hundreds years.2.What were the cultural characteristics of the period from500to1000?Above all,the cultural characters of this period were the heritage and achievement of Roman culture and the emergence of Hebrew and Gothic culture.1.What made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?Because of its geographical position,foreign trade developed early in Italy.This brought Italy into contact with other cultures and gave rise to urban economy and helped Italy accumulate wealth which was anessential factor for the flowering of art and literature.For two centuries beginning from the late15th century,Florence was the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets,scholars, artists and sculptors.There was in Florence a revival of interest in classical learning and rising of humanist ideas.And to spread the new ideas,libraries and academies were founded.In the15th century printing was invented and helped to spread humanist ideas.2.What are the main elements of humanism?How are these elementsreflected in art and literature during the Italian Renaissance? Humanist is the essence of Renaissance.Humanists in renaissance believed that human beings had rights to pursue wealth and pleasure and they admires the beauty of human body.This belief ran counter to the medieval ascetical idea of poverty and stoicism,and shifted man’s interest from Christianity to humanity,from religion to philosophy,from heaven to earth,from the beauty of God to the beauty of human in all its joy,senses and feeling.The philosophy of humanism is reflected in the art and literature during the Italian Renaissance in the literature works of Boccaccio and Petrarch and in the art of Giotto,Brunelleschi,Donatello,Giorgione,daVinci,Michelangelo,Raphael,and Titian,etc.In their works they did not stress death and other world but call on man to live and work for the present.DIVISION ONE1.战争双方:1200B.C Greece(希腊)and Troy(特洛伊)The5th centry B.C colsed with civil war between Athens(雅典)and Sparta in Greece(希腊).146B.C.the Romans conquered Greece。
“欧洲文化入门”课程学习指南

“欧洲文化入门”课程学习指南一、课程基础:欧洲文化入门是全校外语类选修课程,本课程面向全校文理学生开设,是主要以提高学生的文化素养为主的课程。
二、适应对象:大学英语完成三级课程学习的本科学生。
三、教学目的:本课程教学目标为:了解欧洲文化的最基本知识,开阔视野,培养兴趣,促进英语学习。
本课程力图在介绍文化知识的同时,激发学生学习英语的兴趣,从而提高语言能力,以达到充分体现素质教育,全面提高学生的跨文化交际能力,培养学生的综合文化素质,扩展国际视野。
四、内容提要:本课程的主要内容包括:希腊罗马文化、基督教及其《圣经》、中世纪、文艺复兴和宗教改革、十七世纪、启蒙运动、浪漫主义、马克思主义与达尔文学说、现实主义、现代主义及其它。
由于学时所限,本学期本门课只集中讲述前五个大题的内容。
若学生对本门课感兴趣,想继续学习后五个大题的内容可选修大外应用提高阶段的选修课—欧洲文化入门(下)。
本课程以欧洲文化为语境,培养学生人文知识的底蕴,使学生对西方文化最基本的方面有一定的认识和了解,从而激发语言学习的兴趣、带动英语学习。
五、自主学习授课模式:基于计算机和课堂的英语多媒体教学模式是为了帮助学生达到大学英语应用提高阶段教学要求所设计的一种新型英语教学模式。
强调个性化教学与自主学习,以及教师可通过课堂进行辅导,传授知识和技能的特点,使学生可在教师的指导下,根据自己的特点、水平、时间,选择合适的学习内容,借助计算机的帮助,迅速提高自己的英语综合实用能力,达到最佳学习效果。
1、教学模式的构成图一、基于计算机和课堂的英语多媒体教学模式2、基于计算机的英语学习过程大学外语应用提高教学阶段各门课程采用“以传统教学模式为主,以网络自主学习模式为辅”的教学模式。
如下图:图二、基于计算机的英语学习过程六、自主学习学习方法:依据建构主义学习理论,在教学中采用自主学习、讨论学习等教学方法,采用学生为主体进行自主学习和训练及教师为主导进行讲授相结合的教学方法。
(完整版)《欧洲文化入门》课程介绍

《欧洲文化入门》课程介绍《欧洲文化入门》是面向完成《大学英语》(1-4)学习的高年级学生的公共选修课之一,计划开设于第三学年第一学期,每周2课时,学程18周。
该课程以课堂讲授为主,涉及内容广泛,讲授内容包括对西方尤其是欧美的文化、宗教、哲学、历史、地理、人文、风俗、以及音乐、美术、文学、科技等各方面知识的介绍。
课程采用历史叙述法,系统介绍欧洲文化的基本知识,增强学生对欧洲文化的了解掌握,使学生把英美文化放在大的欧洲背景下,体验欧洲文化的一体以及多元性。
1. 学习目标:通过本课程的学习,学生可以了解欧洲文化的最基本知识,开阔视野,培养兴趣,促进英语学习。
本课程力图在介绍文化知识的同时,激发学生学习英语的兴趣,从而提高语言能力,以达到充分体现素质教育,全面提高学生的跨文化交际能力,培养学生的综合文化素质,扩展国际视野的目的。
2. 教学语言和方式:英语和汉语;教师课堂讲授,多媒体展示,学生小组活动。
3. 对学生的要求:要求学生能够自觉训练使用英语去了解和表达,对欧洲文化有大体的了解。
广泛去接触欧洲文化,包括使用互联网,阅读相关书籍。
《欧洲文化入门》是一门兼具知识性与开放性的综合性课程。
教师通过网络教学平台、开放课程教学博客等,随着课程进展将复习练习、课外自学建议和学习材料等提供给选课学生。
4. 课程考核包括:1、出席率+小组活动与课堂报告20%;2、笔试60%(考题以问史实为主);3、项目化教学报告成绩(20%)。
5. 课程内容及课时分配:第一讲:古希腊文化;影片观摩(四课时);第二讲:古罗马;希腊、罗马文化比较与综述(四课时);第三讲:基督教的兴起;影片观摩(三课时);第四讲:《圣经》选读;欧洲的中世纪(三课时);第五讲:文艺复兴运动;文艺复兴时期的艺术(四课时);第六讲:宗教改革;十七世纪的欧洲(三课时);第七讲:启蒙运动、新古典时期;启蒙时代与古典时期的音乐(四课时);第八讲:浪漫主义;浪漫主义时期的文学与音乐(三课时);第九讲:现实主义;影片观摩(三课时);第十讲:二十世纪的欧洲与现代主义;现代美术作品观摩(三课时);6. 教材王佐良等《欧洲文化入门》,外语教学与研究出版社,1992。
欧洲文化入门TheRenaissance

16 century Italian Renaissance painting art interest on mature, and its representative painters are: Leonardo da Vinci ,Michelangelo and Raphael.
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Raphael
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Michelangelo
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Middle Ages
Renaissance
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The Renaissance was Western Europe in modern history a great spiritual revolution. It to western painting art and the whole art field, has great impact. The Renaissance is the banner of a profound thought liberation movement. It makes sure of people on real life value and status, respects for the feelings of person, the power of praise. Against religion to mental shackles and thought shackled. Advocate the scientific spirits, pursuing the truth and knowledge, against ignorance and false theological concepts.
欧洲文化入门

第二,三章Alfred the Great(阿尔弗雷德大王)(p102) Augustine of Hippo(p97)Bible (p52) influence (p86)Beowulf(《贝奥武甫》)(p105)Charlemagne( p101)Carolingian Renaissance(加洛林复兴)( p101) code of chivalry骑士制度(p94)Deuteronomy (p52)Exodus (p52)Experimental science(p103)Feudalism(封建主义)(p92)Genesis (Adam and Eve)(Noah’s Ark) (p52) Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟(P123)The Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》))(P123)Gosepels four part of the New Testament(p77) Gothic(哥特式建筑)Hebrews (p51)Jesus (p73)Kinghthood(p94)Leviticus (p52)Lyric Poety(p13)Manor(p93)Monasticism (修道院制度)(p97)National Epics民族史诗(p105)Numbers (p52)Peter and Paul (P74)Pentateuch (p52)Pindar(ode on athletic game) (p13)Roger Bacon培根(103)占星术炼金术Romansque(p126)Sappho (p13)Lyric PoetrySong of Roland (《罗兰之歌》)(P111)St. Jerome(p97)St. Benedict(p97)St. Thomas Aquinas(p102)Ten Commandments (Peuteronomys) (p60)The Catholic Church(天主教)(the power and influence)(p98) The church in middle ages(p95)The Crucifixion(p83)The Crusades(十字军东征)(p99)the Middle agesThe Sermon on tjhe Mount(p79)第四章Albrecht Durer[p168]\\Amerigo V espucci[p180]Andreas V esalius(1514-1564)[p181]Aldus Manutius[p181]Bartholomeu dias[p180]Counter-Reformation(反宗教改革)(p149)Christopher Columbus哥伦布[p180]Calvinism(加尔文主义)(p147)(p151)Council of Trent特伦托会议(p149)Dante但丁[p182]Donatello(p137)(sculptor)Don Quixote 《堂吉诃德》(p162)El Greco埃尔。
欧洲文化入门总结

欧洲文化入门总结Introduction1、There are many elements constituting(组成) European Culture.2、There are two major elements: Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.3、The richness(丰富性) of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.第一章1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens Sparta.2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense(无限的)amount of slave labour.3、Olympus mount, Revived in 1896(当代奥运会)4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)’s epics was created by Homer.5、They events of Homer’s own time. (错)(They are not about events of Homer’s own time, probably in the period 1200-1100 B.C.)6、The Homer’s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey.7、Agamemnon, Hector, Achilles are in Iliad.8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey.9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→James Joyoe’s Ulysses(描述一天的生活). In the 20th century.10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C.11、三大悲剧大师①Aeschylus《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》②Sophocles(之首)《Oedipus the King》—→ Freud’s “the Oedipus complex” (恋母情结) —→ David Herbert Lawrence’s《Sons and lovers》(劳伦斯)447页③EuripidesA.《Trojan Women》B.He is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会问题剧) 在肖伯纳手中达到高潮,属于存在主义戏剧的人物C.Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”(一个纯粹的人)D.Realism can be traced back(追溯到) to the Ancient Greece.To be specific(具体来说), Euripides.12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派(The lakers)华兹华兹Swift says of him “As for comic Aristophanes, The dog too witty and too profane is.”(新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游记》《大人国小人国》《温和的提议》用讽刺的写作手法) 13、History (Historical writing)史学创作※“Father of History” —→ Herodotus —→ war(between Greeks and Persians)This war is called Peleponicion wars. 博罗奔泥撒,3只是陈述史实,并没有得出理论。
欧洲文化入门名词解释题

欧洲文化入门名词解释题欧洲文化是一个广泛而丰富的主题,包含了许多名词和概念。
以下是一些常见的欧洲文化名词解释:1. 文艺复兴(Renaissance),指15世纪至17世纪期间在欧洲兴起的一场文化运动,标志着中世纪晚期的结束和现代时代的开始。
它在文学、艺术、科学和哲学等领域产生了重要影响。
2. 巴洛克(Baroque),巴洛克是17世纪至18世纪初期的一种艺术和建筑风格,以其复杂、夸张和华丽的特点而闻名。
它在欧洲各地留下了许多宏伟的教堂和宫殿。
3. 文艺复兴人文主义(Renaissance Humanism),文艺复兴时期的一种思想运动,强调人的价值和尊严,以人类中心主义为核心。
人文主义者关注人类的教育、人文科学和个人成就。
4. 启蒙运动(Enlightenment),18世纪欧洲的一场思想运动,强调理性、科学和个人自由。
启蒙运动的哲学家们反对封建主义和宗教教条,主张人民的权利和平等。
5. 文化多样性(Cultural Diversity),欧洲是一个多民族、多语言和多文化的大陆。
文化多样性指的是不同民族和文化群体之间的差异和共存。
欧洲的文化多样性是其独特之处。
6. 民主(Democracy),民主是一种政治制度,强调人民的参与和决策权。
欧洲有许多国家采用民主制度,并且民主原则被认为是现代欧洲社会的基石。
7. 宗教改革(Protestant Reformation),16世纪欧洲发生的一场宗教运动,由马丁·路德等人领导。
它对天主教教会的权威提出了质疑,并导致了新教派别的兴起。
8. 工业革命(Industrial Revolution),18世纪末至19世纪初期,在英国开始的一场经济和技术变革。
工业革命引发了工业化和城市化进程,对欧洲社会和经济产生了深远影响。
9. 现代主义(Modernism),20世纪初期的一种文化和艺术运动,强调创新、个人表达和对传统的反叛。
现代主义在绘画、音乐、文学和建筑等领域都有显著影响。
欧洲文化入门笔记

欧洲文化入门笔记(汉语版):第一章希腊罗马文化欧洲文化入门笔记(汉语版)《欧洲文化入门》由于其内容庞杂,琐碎,因而是一门学习起来比较困难的课程。
其实大家大可不必担心,只要我们潜下心去,找出里面的规律和线索,这门课并不难攻克。
我们要牢记文化的五分法:一、社会历史(包括政治、经济、宗教、历史)二、哲学三、文学四、科学五、艺术(包括绘画、雕塑、建筑和音乐),以记忆每个时代的各要点为主,理解纵向的变迁为辅,后者主要的作用时帮助我们更好的记住前者。
要研究欧洲发展的历史,我们要仅仅抓住两条线索。
一条是社会文化发展线索,那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。
另一条则是精神宗教形成线索,即犹太教和基督教历史。
正如,想精通中国文化必先熟知孔夫子和道家文化一样。
下面我们将分章节进行综述。
在每章综述的最后,会有一两道重要的问答题分析。
每章还会附有一些练习题,希望大家好好做一做。
好,下面我们开始分章讲述。
第一章希腊罗马文化希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源,所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。
我们先看希腊的发展。
希腊文明分为几个时期,她形成于公元前800-500年,经历了古典时代(也就是公元前500到公元前336年)和希腊化时代(也就是公元前336年到公元前31年)。
希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。
公元前146年,希腊被罗马攻克。
希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。
这段历史的重要大事有:1、公元前12世纪,随着特洛伊人的入侵,希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。
荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争(《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》)。
这里要注意的是,荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。
荷马生活在公元前700年。
2、公元前6世纪,希腊世界开始有了全面改变,为后来的古典时代打开了通途。
其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。
雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会,公元前594年,梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官,他的贡献在于,在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。
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Honore de Balzac 巴尔扎克 (1799-1850)
Balzac has been called “the French Dickens”.
Works: La Comedie Humaine
( the Human Comedy)人间喜剧, Eugenie Grandet欧也妮·葛朗台,
菲尔
2. George Eliot 乔治·艾略特(pen name of Mary Ann Evans 1819-1880)
Works: Middlemarch 米德尔马契, The Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨坊
William Makepeace Thackeray萨克雷 (1811-1863)
Le Pere Goriot 高老头 La Cousine Bette贝蒂表妹
Gustave Flaubert福 楼拜 (1821-1880)
Flaubert is one of the great literary artist of the 19th century.
Work: Madame
Realism in France
Stendhal (pen name of Marie Henri Beyle, 1783-1842)司汤达
Works: Armance Le Rough et le Noir
( The Red and the Black)红与黑,
la Chartreuse de Parme (The
a. Edouard Manet爱杜 尔·马奈 (1832-1883)
Manet was regarded as the leader of the impressionist movement.
Works: le Dejeuner sur L’herbe,
Foliers Bergers
b. Claude Monet克 劳德·莫奈 (1840-
Works:
Leaves of Grass 草叶集
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d当丁香花最 后在庭院开放的时候.
Mark Twain马克·吐温 (pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens 1835-1910)
卡拉马佐夫兄弟
Count Leo Tolstoy 列夫·托尔 斯泰(1828-1910)
With Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy made the Russian realistic novel a literary genre that ranks in importance with classical Greek tragedy and Elizabethan drama.
Works: Dead Souls死魂灵
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev 屠格涅夫(1818-1883)
Turgenev was the first Russion author to gain recognition in the West.
Works: A Hunter’s Sketches
Division Nine Realism
Contents
General Introduction Realism in France Realism in Russia Realism in Northern Europe Realism in England Realism in the United States Art Music at the Turn of the Century
Bovery包法利夫人
Emile Zola 左拉(1840-1902) Zola was the founder of the
naturalist school.
Work: Les Rougen-Macquarts罗根.马 塔里 .
Guy de Maupassant莫泊桑 (18501893)
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov契科夫
Works: The Seagull海鸥, Uncle Vanya万尼亚舅舅, The Three Sisters三姊妹, The Cherry Orchard樱桃园
Realism in Northern Europe
Henrik Ibsen 易卜生 (1828-1906)
The Prince and the Pauper
王子与穷人
Henry James亨利·詹姆斯 (1843-1916)
Works:The Portrait of Lady贵妇画像,
The Passionate Pilgrim and Other
Stories, Daisy Miller黛西米勒, The Golden Bowl金碗
Son of a Servant女仆的儿子
Realism in England
Charles Dickens 狄更斯 (1812-1870)
Works: Pickwick Papers匹 克威克外传 ,
A Tale of Two Cities双城记, Oliver Twist雾都孤儿,
Hard Times 艰难时事 Bleak House荒凉山庄, David Copperfield大卫科波
德伯家的苔丝
Jude the Obscure无名的裘德
George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳 (1856-1950)
Shaw won the Nobel Prize in 1925.
Works:
Heartbreak House伤心之家, St. Joan圣女贞德, The Apple Cart 苹果车 Major Barbara芭芭拉少校
Art
in Art Gustave Courbet居
斯塔夫·库尔贝 (1819-1877) works: The Stonebreakers,
Burial at Ornans
b. Jean-Francois Millet让·弗朗索瓦·米勒 (1814-1875)
His works generally depict one or two peasant figures quietly engaged in earthly or domestic toil.
Works:The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Caravras Country
卡拉维拉斯郡著名的跳蛙
The Adventures of Hckberry
Finn哈克贝利分历险记, The Gilded Age镀金时代,
The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer汤姆索菲亚历险记,
Work: Vanity Fair名利场
Thomas Hardy哈代
Works: Far from the Madding
Crowd远离尘嚣, The Return of the Native还乡, The Mayer of Casterbridge卡斯 特桥市长,
Tess of the d’Urberyvilles
Works: A Doll’s House玩 偶之家,
Ghosts群鬼,
An Enemy of the People
人民公敌 The Wild Duck野鸭 and
Hedda Gabler海达高布乐
August Strindberg奥古斯特·斯特林堡
(1849-1912) Works: Master Olaf奥洛夫老师, The
1926)
c. Camille Pissarro 卡米耶·毕沙罗 (1830-1903)
Work: The Place du Theatre Francais
d. Pierre Aguste Renoir皮埃尔-奥古斯 特·雷诺阿
Background
The Historical Background
The realist movement was greatly influenced by the development of science in the 19th century. The age of realism was the age of railway, wireless telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time.
Works: The Sower,
Gleaners
Impressionism in Art
Generally speaking, the impressionists aimed at capturing the fleeting image of a scene taken in by the eye in real life and recreating the transitory experience with brushstrokes which are eventually transformed into a web of infinitely varied, tiny units that dissolve solied objects into a dense, colored atmosphere.
Definition
What is Realism?
In art and literature the term realism is used to identify a literary movement in Europe and the united States in the Last half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century. The realists wanted a truthful representation in their works of contemporary life and manners.