牛津上海版8A语法时态综合讲解及练习(有答案)

语法：时态语态综合初中阶段考查8种时态，分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。

今天我们涉及6个时态，分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。

英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，目前中考主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时这四种时态的被动语态以及含情态动词的被动语态。

只有及物动词才有被动语态。

它的基本结构为：be动词+及物动词的过去分词。

所有的时态变化在be动词上。

动词时态：动词语态注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：一．被动语态中不定式要还原Let/make/see/hear/watch sb. do sth.----- sb. be let/made/seen/heard/watched to do sth.My mother made me look after the little sister yesterday.----I was made to look after the little sister by my mother yesterday.二．有些动词没有被动语态。

(及物动词才有被动语态)1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die，disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.2) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn3) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch，agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to4) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

I want to go now.三．主动表示被动的几种情况1）有些不及物动词形式上为主动，但是表示被动含义。

这本书销路很好。

This book sells well.这本小说读起来很有趣。

This novel reads well.肉很容易切。

Meat cuts easily.此类词还有lock, shut, open, move, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw2）有些进行时，形式上主动，但含被动之意。

The book is printing. = The book is being printed.The house is building. = The house is being built.3）介词短语作表语，主动表示被动The question is now under discussion.The fire was finally under control.All these old buildings are under repairs.PracticeI. Choose the best answer. (选择题)() 1. We usually__________ four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.A) has B) have C) is having D) had () 2.—Your phone number again? I __________ quite catch it.—It’s 9566442.A) mustn’t B) don’t C) didn’t D) needn’t () 3. The teachers in our school ______ on a two-day trip to the mountains last weekend.A) go B) goes C) went D) will go() 4.“Sam, turn the music down! Your sister ______ her homework in the next room now.”said the mother.A) do B) did C) was doing D) is doing () 5. When I came into the room, Arthur _____ a computer game excitedly.A) played B) would play C) was playing D) has played() 6. In this restaurant, Yangzhou fried rice _____ only for lunch and dinner.A) serves B) served C) is serving D) is served () 7. My mother told me that the moon ______ its light from the sun.A) gets B) get C) got D) has got () 8. My aunt _____ English in this school since she graduated from the university.A) taught B) has taught C) will teach D) teaches () 9. Good service ______ by China during the World Expo in Shanghai in 2010.A) provided B) has provided C) was provided D)has been provided() 10. Mary ______ here for over three months.A) has come B) has gone C) has got D) has been() 11. Everyone in the neighborhood knows me for I ______ here for over 20 years.A) lived B) have lived C) will live D) am living() 12. Computers______ our life greatly since they came into use many years ago.A) change B) have changed C) will change D) would change() 13. Thousands of people were injured in the terrible earthquake. And the injured ______ to the hospital at once.A) have been taken B) has been takenC) was taken D) were taken() 14. The lady is always ______ in white at the party.A) wearing B) dressing C)worn D) dressed() 15. McDonald menu prices ______ in China by 0.50 yuan to 1 yuan per item last November.A) rose B) raised C) lifted D)grew() 16. Seeing no one in the room, Jack at once realized he ______ by Tom and Mary.A) fool B) fooled C) was fooled D) fools【答案】1. B; 2.C; 3. C; 4. D; 5. C; 6. D 7. A; 8. B; 9. C; 10. D; 11. B 12. B; 13. D; 14. D; 15. A; 16.CII. Rewrite the following sentences as required. (根据所给要求，改写下列句子，每空格限填一词)1. The government helped the victims of the 11.15 Fire. (改为被动语态 )The victims of the 11.15 Fire __________ helped by the government.2. W e must catch the kidnappers in a short time. (改为被动语态)The kidnappers must ___________ ___________ in a short time.3. The reporter will interview the winner of "C hina’s got Talent"this evening. (改为被动语态）The winner of "C hina’s got Talent"will __________ __________ by the reporter this evening.4. My friend Jones wrote some articles about memory last month. (改为被动语态)Some articles about memory __________ __________ by my friend Jones last month.5. You write all the answers on the answer sheet. (改为被动语态)All the answers __________ __________ on the answer sheet.6. A big fire damaged a high-rise building in Shanghai two months ago . (改为被动语态)A high-rise building __________ __________ by a big fire in Shanghai two months ago.7. The terrible earthquake destroyed many houses in Wenchuan in 2008.（改为被动语态）Many houses in Wenchuan __________ __________ by the terrible earthquake in 2008.【答案】 1. were; 2. be caught; 3. be reviewed; 4. were written; 5. are written; 6. was damaged;7. were destroyedHomeworkI.Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案)1. I will give him the news as soon as he______ back from Beijing tomorrow.A) come B) will come C) comes D) came2. The Browns ______ a party in the garden if it is fine this weekend.A) have B) will have C) were having D)had3. The students ______ the farmers cut the rice this time yesterday.A) helped B) will help C) are helping D) were helping4. The foreign teacher ______ basketball with his students at 4:30 yesterday afternoon.A) played B) was playing C) has played D) had played5. Come on! We ______ presents for Tom's tomorrow's fifteenth birthday now.A) choose B) chose C)are choosing D) will choose6. We should protect water, for only 3 percent of the world's water ______ fresh water.A) is B)are C) will be D) have been7. My aunt ______ America on business for four years.A) has been to B) has been in C) has gone to D) had gone to8. 242,000 people ______ in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China.A) killed B) have killed C) were killed D) have been killed9. A competition on fishing ______ near our town last December.A) was held B) took the place C)happened D)held10. Sherry ______ France many times, so she is very familiar with its capital city, Paris.A) visited B) will visit C) has visited D) is visiting11. This book ______ everybody.A) is known by B) is known for C) is known to D) is known as12. Stop ______ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it.A) complain B) to complain C) complaining D) complained13. By the end of last week, Mr. and Mrs. Simon many cities and towns in China.A) have visited B) visited C) had visited D) will visit14. By the end of 2010, China ______ a number of great international events such as the OlympicGames, the World Expo and the Asian Games.A) have held B)held C) had held D) will hold15. They ______ their classroom to welcome the coming Christmas tomorrow afternoon.A) decorate B) will decorate C) are decorating D) decorated16.The Hungarian student ______ in Beijing since he ______ to China.A) stayed, came B) stays, came C) has stayed, came D) had stayed, came17.I ______ the key to the door, so I can’t enter the room now.A) lost B) had lost C) have lost D) was lost18. He said light ______ much faster than sound.A) travelled B) travels C) is travelling D) was travelling19. In China children ______ .A) is taken good care of B) are taken good care ofC) are taken well care of D) are taken good care20 How long ago ______ playing soldiers?A) have you stopped B) had you stoppedC) did you stop D) do you stop21.—Have you moved into the house?—Not yet. The rooms ______.A) are painting B) are paintedC) are been painted D) are being painted22. Since 1978, great changes ______ in China.A) took place B) have been taken placeC) have taken place D) are taken place23. Since you don’t want to go, I ______ alone.A) will go B) go C) went D) have been24.It’s the third time you ______ late this week.A) had arrived B) arrived C) have arrived D) arrive25. His parents did not know why ______ his homework.A) did he not do B) did he not to doC) he had not done D) he had done not26. By the end of last term, we ______ English for two years.A) have studied B) have been studiedC) would study D) had studied27. Electricity ______ by the Greeks a good many years ago.A) was first invented B) was first discoveredC) was seen first D) has first been discovered28.The Anti-Japanese War ______ in 1937.A) was broken out B) was breaking outC) broke out D) was broken【答案】1. C; 2. B; 3.D; 4. B 5. C; 6. A; 7.B; 8. C 9. A; 10. C; 11.A; 12. C 13.C; 14. C; 15. C; 16. C; 17. C; 18. B; 19. B; 20. C; 21. D; 22. C; 23. A; 24. C; 25. C; 26. D; 27. A; 28. CII. Complete the following passage with the given words in their proper forms. (用所给动词的适当形式填空来完成短文，每空至少一词。