语言学专业词汇

AAcS (actor Subject), ReS (Receptor Subject) and DaS (dative vesubject) P85Active deposit 活性沉积P393adaptability制宜原则P39adjustment 调整P135AdjMr：Ajective Modifier 定语修饰语P19Affixing morpheme of fixed position 定位性附加语素P342Affixation 缀合法P29All encompassing 无所不包P ixAphasic 失语症患者P386ApoP 同位短语式P188Approximative system 近似体系P58arbitrariness任意性; selectiveness 选择性P181Aspect 体（tentative尝试体, inchoative开始体, successive继续体, perfect完成体, progressive 进行体）P114Autonomy 自主权P53Bbackshift后移P370/372bilingualism 双语学P522Blending 拼缀法P29Bottom-up perception自下而上的感知，top-down perception自上而下的感知P493CCart Fames1980 对比分析P xcirculativeness 周遍性P86categorization范畴化, grouping 归为类P487category word 范畴词P418/474/513cleft sentence 分裂句P230cognate equivalence同源对应P134/468，词根对应P478cognitive schema认知图示P386Cohesion 粘着性P62Cohesion and coherence接应与连贯P74Cohesive tie 联结关系接应词，additive 增补连接词，adversative 对比连接词，causal conjunction因果连接词，temporal conjunction 时间连接词P436Combination (虚词功能)组合P452Total combination完全结合，formal combination形式结合P464Common value （语言）共同价值；special value 特征价值P47Complement 补语P126Composition 合成法P29Compactness of meaningful morpheme有义语素结合紧密度P299Compressed predicate 紧缩式谓语P120Compound （汉语）合成词P443Conversion 转化法P29Constant 常数（ie. tertium comparationis中间比较项）；variable变数；tertium 中间项P50Context-sensitive rule 受上下文制约的规则P362Convertness and overtness 隐含性与外显性P61Copula 系词；copulative object 判断宾语；quasi-copulas 准判断动词P217Coverb 前置动词（能愿、意向、规劝动词）和后置动词的统称；operator基本助动词/功能词P114DDative case与事格P159defiguration还原法, figuration 形象描写P472Description and Prescription 描写与规定P41descriptive approach描写态度P39determinative premodifier 限制性前置定语，descriptive premodifier 描绘性前置定语，classifying premodifier 分类性前置定语P298Diachronic and synchronic/ diachronism and synchronism 历时与共时P2Diachronic experience and synchronic performance 历时经验和共时运用P314Dichotomic 二分性，可切分为二P167Differentiating ability 分辨力P361Diffuse 扩散型；compact聚集型P235Directness 直接性，indirectness间接性，explic itness鲜明性, specificness重实，non-specificness反虚P417Disintegration 解体P28dismantle拆除P28Disorganization 瓦解P28Disposal form动词处置式(把字句) P213; pre-transitive V erb 前及物动词(赵元任：把字句)P233 Diversiform 多样性P85Divide 长句切分；contract 长句紧缩P208Doer and receptor 行为者与承受者P89Doublet/ word pair谐音叠词P426EEnd-focus 短语后焦点；front-focus 弱化前焦点P175End-weight词尾重心P229Epicene通性名词P82Equivalence 对应P58evolution演进P28Explanation 解释; Interpretation 阐释P41Explication 演绎法P469Expletive 先行词P74Expletive subject 形式主语P92FFamily resemblances 维根斯坦：家族相似；Dissimililarilies 非相似性PvFinite verb 定式动词；non-finite verb 非定式动词P236Formal or inflexional linkage 形式或形态对接P26Formal indication 形式的标定P62-3Frame of word词语联立关系P466Functional compensation 功能互补P154Functional expansion 功能扩大化P191Functional redress, functional compensation 功能代偿法P33Function test 话题性的测试P90Functional word (form word, structural word) 结构词（英语），empty word虚词（汉语）, P449 closed classes 封闭性词类，P449determiner 限定词，auxiliary助动词，pronoun代词，P449，preposition介词，qualifier 修饰词，coordinator 并列连接词，subordinator 从属连接词，interrogative 疑问词，negative 否定词P450full word 实词（汉语）P450GGiven-new contract已知-新知信息默契P372HHead word 中心词P296Heterology 异质性/特殊素质P95/202HW：head word中心词P19Hypotaxis and parataxis 形合与意合P75IIcon 图像性，iconization图像化, indexization索引化P455identity等同（是字句功能）P219Ideographicand semipronouncing 单体形意音文字P viIdeational pvotal, idea-centered 意念主轴；formal-pivotal, formal-centered 形式主轴P18idea-centered structure意念主轴结构；formal-centered structure形式主轴结构P18idiom 成语/习语；a single unit一个单位P166image code 象码；Souund code音码P68immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法P232impersonal subject非人称主语P498implication 暗示法P22Inbreak of the modernity 葛兆光：现代性入侵P ivIndicator 指示器P47indispensability不可或缺性P47infiltration 渗透性，intrinsicness固有性，peculiarity特性P476Inflectional devices 无形态程式P viiiInflexional formation 形态构性P453Inflexional system 形态体系P52Inflexionalization 形态化P154Inner speech 内部言语，speech 外部言语P387Intentional word意向词语P163intensifier加强词P378Interlingua 中介语P58Interlingual comparability 语际可比性P51Interpretation 解释法P22Intraflexion 内部屈折P396Introducer 引导性结构P302JJohn Stuart Mill 1806-1873 功利追求P xJuxtaposing 联合短语式P183KKernel (句法结构) 核心P84Kinship 与原亲属关系P468Llanguage game 语言游戏P39Latin Grammar马建忠：泰西格朗玛PvLexicalization 词汇化P312，inflexion 形态化P368Linearization对接；formation成型；aggregation聚集P69Linguistic determinism语言决定论，language relativity语言相对论P525LocWP 方位短语式P187LR (linear reverse???) 顺序线性P62；RL (reversed linear) 逆线性P69MMapping 映射P68/371/492Masculine 阳性P397Matching 配对P52Maximized implicitness 最大化隐含；information focus信息焦点P191mean中数；overlap语义场界重叠；outlap非重叠P183means of generalization实义虚化手段，affixational means词缀虚化手段P446，inflexional means 形态虚化手段P447, specified 实化P449Misplacement and breach 错位和缺位P ixMissing link 缺环P518MnS(Means Subject) 方式主语P102Mode of expression表现法，relativity相关性，instrumentality实用性，generality通用性P391 Moderate adaptation 适度的适应，adaptationby通过adjustment调整来适应P429Mood 语气，indicative mood直陈式, imperative mood祈使式, subjunctive mood虚拟式, Intrinsic and extrinsic 内在和外在语言结构机制，factualsupposition事实假设, counterfactual supposition 反事实假设deficit 欠缺的观点P369morpheme for morpheme义素对义素P468Mr-Md (modifier-modified) 修饰语前置式,偏正词组；Md-Mr (modified-modifier)；hyphenated adjectives 连字符连接的多词形容词P167MrS（Modifier Subject）修饰语主语P102Mutual compensatory 互为补充代偿P308NN.Machiavelli 1459-1527 马基尔维利，15世纪‘欧洲最著名政论、史论家之一P iv Nominal 名词性P91Nominal phrase名词性短语P188Nominative 主格，genitive 所有格，dative 与格，accusative 宾格P396Non-SP sentence非主谓句P203nucleus（语音）调核P304OOnomatopoeia 象声，拟声P5Open beginning 句首开放性；contracting ending/closed ending 句尾收缩性P205Operating and orientating mechanism 支配与定势作用P487Operator 功能词P118Ordering 序列P70Orientation 导向P391Outwardness 外象（包括：表象、形象、现象、物象）P26PPattern （形态体系的）结构形式P396pair成对词P184Paradox 悖理P182PC of extend/ degree表程度的述补结构P131PC of movement 表行为态势活动向的述补结构：direction趋向；progress继续；completion 完成P128PC of possibility表可能的述补结构P128PC of result表结果的述补结构P129PC of state表状态的述补结构P130Pejoration 贬义化Perceptive language 感性语言P xPeriodic sentence 掉尾句P310Phonograph 表音文字P418Phonetic morpheme 语义语素，form morpheme 构形语素，reduplication morpheme复叠语素，full morpheme 完全语素P460/461Phrasal verb and particle 短语动词与小品词/介副词P？？/154pictograph/ hieroglyph 象形文字P2pivot/axle主轴P236PlS (Place Subject) P86Polar contrast 正反两面合二为一的复合词P473Polarization 两极化P87Pragmatic motivation语用理据P175Pragmatic presupposition 语用预设P164Predicate-complete construction述补结构P128predication谓词性；sub-predication次谓词性P189Predicative phrase 谓词性短语P188PrepOP 介词短语式P187Pre-position coverb 前置助动词P377Principle of cause and result sequence 因果律P299Principle of compactness of meaningful morpheme 语素结合紧密度律P299Principle of exterior-interior sequence 表里律P296Principle of spatial sequence 范围律P294Principle of subject-object sequence 主客律P295Principle of temporal sequence 时序律P291Principles of SV concord 主谓一致原则: Grammatical principle 语法原则, Logical principle逻辑原则, Principle of Proximity 靠近原则, Principle of Idiomaticness 惯用法原则P115 Presupposed statement and concluding statement, PS and CS 前述与结述P57/309QQrQd (qualifier-qualified) 附加式P202QunWP 量词短语式P188Rrecipiency受事性；recipiency 施授关系；affection 受到影响的关系P158Redress/ compensation （语法功能的）代偿法P22Reduplication（构词法）重叠法，adjunction附加法，affixation加缀法，compound 合成法P444-445Refinement 提炼；Gradation 提升P41Relative comparability 相对可比性P51Reflective 反映式的，折射式的P456equivalence对应式(correspondence契合式)，inclusion涵盖式P457，intersection 交叉式P458，substitution替代式，conflict 冲突式(exclusion 语义相悖) P459 kinship term P457，borrowing借用P459reflection 反映P496relativity 相关性，instrumentality实用性，generality通用性，familiarization通晓性P392 Repetition 重叠手段，anaphora句首反复，epiphora句尾反复P427Reversed Linear Expansion逆线性延伸；Natural Linear Expansion顺线性延伸P205 reversibility 可反逆性P174/276reversion 对接的反转P464reversing and synchronizing 顺译与反逆翻译P105R.Philippson 2002: 英语帝国主义PvRunning sentence 流水句P235SSA V P62Selective and critica 选择性和批判性P xSemantic combination 语义结合，grammatical combination 语法结合P441Semantic relevance 语义关涉性P181Semantic structuring 语义结构过程，form structuring 形式结构过程P387Sense morpheme义素，meaningful morpheme有义语素，free morpheme自由语素，boundmorpheme黏着语素P441Sentence starter句首起词P110/503Sequence 顺序，inverse/reverse 抵触逆序，mixed order混合序P409Shift 转换P100Shortening 缩略法P29Sign language手语P386Signifying 意指; analogizing类比P47Situationally defined语境化P479Space between words词间距P80Staccato 断续P421Stratification 层次结构P232Stress domain 重音范域P75Stressed position 强调位P279Structural analogy 结构类比P81Structural inversion 结构性倒装functional inversion 功能性倒装stylistic inversion文体性倒装P277Structural order-shift 结构性位移P279Structural word 结构性词语，substantial word 实质性词语，presupposed information 预知性信息，replenished information 补足性信息，base挤出前述，climax递进叙述P305 StrWP 助词短语式P188SV concord/agreement 主谓一致P88/115SV Device主语-谓动机制P88SVOC P61subcategorization（语义特征）次范畴化（转换生成语法）P368Substitution替代法P22Sub-subject次主语P95Supplement 补充P106Syntagmatic device组合手段P404Syntagmatic ordering of element 组合型序列P275Syntagmatic pivot 形态组合主轴P237；paradigmatic pivot 意念聚合主轴P239TTautology 重复, sysmetry对仗P424TDC Expansion (topic-development-coda expansion) 命题-发展-结语语段扩展P257 Temporal sequence时序律P121Temps opératif (G. Guillaume)活动时间, system de representation 反应系统，system d’expression 观念P387Tense 语法的“时”，time自然概念的“时间”P340, tense particle 时态助词P342Tensity 紧张感，importunity 短促感，monotonounsness单调感P424Text 语段；logical expansion 逻辑扩展式；basic level 基础层级；logical level逻辑层级P234 Thematic 主位性P284/ 句首主题P315Thematization主题化，thematic fronting 宾语主题前置，topicality 话题性P316The relative 关系语P86TmS（time subject）P85Topic, theme, 话题（主语句）comment, rheme 述题P37-38Topic subject 话题主语P92transfer 迁移P522Transferability 可转换性P386Transformation 转型P28 转换式P214TR device 话题-述题机制P88typological 类型学体系P60VV alence/valency价（可以带什么宾语）P152/154V ertical 历时比较；horizontal共时比较P49Visual differentiation 视觉分辨率P404Visual recognizibility 视觉可辨性P449V ocalicending元音字尾P425voice in covertness 隐性语态P313, inflictive voice 不幸语态P318 volitional future 强于是将来时（表意志等）P453WWalter Benjamin; historical duress, geschichtlich Zwang: 历史的裹挟P xiZZero 零位P87ZeS-VP 零位主语结构P106。