WTO_世界贸易组织英文介绍

合集下载

世界贸易组织世界贸易组织简称世贸组织或世贸;英语WorldTrade

世界貿易組織Mondiale du Commerce，簡寫為OMC，西班牙語：Organización Mundial del Comercio，簡寫為OMC）眾多貿易協定的管理者，是各成員貿易立法的監督者，是就貿易進行談判和解決爭端的場所。

是當代最重要的國際經濟組織之一，其成員間的貿易額佔世界貿易額的絕大多數，被稱為「經濟聯合國」。

WTO宗旨▪提高生活水平，保證充分就業，大幅度穩步地提高實際收入和有效需求。

▪擴大貨物、服務的生產和貿易。

▪堅持走可持續發展道路，促進對世界資源的最優利用，保護環境。

▪積極努力確保發展中國家，尤其是最不已開發國家在國際貿易增長中獲得與其經濟發展需要相適應的份額。

▪通過實質性削減關稅等措施，建立一個完整的、更具活力的、持久的多邊貿易體制。

WTO基本原則1. 非歧視性原則（最惠國待遇原則，國民待遇原則）2.3.4.決策機制雖然大多數國際組織依照一個成員國一票或加權投票的方法來做出決定，但世貿組織的很多決定是通過達他們支持的提議提出反對。

共識機制的優勢在於能夠令貿易法律很快獲得執行，採用其他任何機制都會需要更長的時間來做出某項決定。

但同時那些在討論中擁有更多疇碼的成員國會佔得優勢，而且決定一旦作出便很難更改。

法律框架邊協議。

▪《建立世界貿易組織的馬拉喀什協議》▪附件1A：有關貨物貿易的多邊協議，這些協議主要包括：1.2.3.4. 紡織品與服裝協議。

5. 技術性貿易壁壘協議。

6. 與貿易有關的投資措施協議。

7. 關於履行1994年關稅與貿易總協定第六條的協議。

8. 關於履行1994年關稅與貿易總協定第七條的協議。

9. 裝運前檢疫協議。

10.11. 進口許可程序協議。

12. 補貼與反補貼措施協議。

13. 保障措施協議。

▪附件1B：《服務貿易總協定》：對國際服務貿易的定義從四個方面作出了規定：1.2.3.4.▪附件1C：《與貿易有關的知識產權協定》▪附件二：《關於世界貿易組織爭端解決規則與程序的諒解》▪附件三：貿易政策審議機制▪附件四：諸邊貿易協議對 WTO 的批評日本農民抗議撤除保護性關稅集會，害怕壁壘開放後國產農品失去競爭力徵：WTO 秘密運作，沒有義務向成員國或他者解釋其行動；WTO 的國家代表多是貿易律師，往往會因為企業需要而為之打通關，而該組織也秉持對市場的信仰，往往向企業利益傾斜，常讓地方環境法與勞工不公平的決策一些國家對於在WTO 框架下的不公機制表示不滿，如在數國組成的小團體內討論而達到協議，往往壓縮其他比較「不重要」的國家的權益等等，而在此體制下，大部分發展中國家也較沒有足夠力量反對一些決議。

wto组织的英文作文

wto组织的英文作文(中英文实用版)The World Trade Organization,WTO, serves as a crucial institution in the realm of international trade, fostering an environment that promotes economic growth and cooperation among member states.With its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the WTO operates under the principles of transparency, non-discrimination, and rule-based systems.世界贸易组织（WTO）在国际贸易领域发挥着至关重要的作用，它为成员国之间的经济成长与合作创造了有利环境。

总部位于瑞士日内瓦的世贸组织，遵循透明度、非歧视和基于规则的原则运作。

Established in 1995, the WTO replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and currently encompasses 164 member countries, accounting for over 98% of global trade.Its primary objectives include ensuring the smooth flow of goods and services, protecting intellectual property rights, and resolving trade disputes.成立于1995年的世贸组织取代了关税及贸易总协定（GATT），目前拥有164个成员国，涵盖全球98%以上的贸易。

WTO是什么意思

WTO是什么意思wto 是什么意思？想必有许多同学并不清楚。

wto 是世界贸易组织，英文全称： the Organization for Trade in Goods and Services,它的含义是指世界上最大的一个自由贸易区组织。

其宗旨是推动贸易自由化和经济全球化，建立一个更具活力的世界经济体系，创造有利于发展中成员的机会，促进成员之间的平等互利，提高开放型世界经济的运行效率。

wto 的宗旨就是保护公民在国际贸易领域内享受平等权益，通过协商解决争端，实现共赢；最终实现维护市场经济秩序和保障各国合法权益的目标。

作为世界性经济贸易组织， wto 将使全球贸易和投资得到显著增长，给各国企业带来巨大的发展机遇。

人们为何关注 WTO？那些没能参与 WTO 的国家和地区又如何看待这件事情呢？下面我来谈谈我的看法。

加入 WTO 对我国的政治、经济、文化生活都会产生重大影响，具体表现为四个方面：（1）有利于我国改革开放的继续深入。

外国资本涌入，冲击了传统观念，扩大了社会分配差距。

同时也引起社会阶层结构的变化。

新的社会群体产生。

如果你在海外工作过或者留学过，应该知道外国的月亮比较圆吧！每年我国都要花费数千亿美元用于接纳外资，吸收外资，引进技术设备，让外资从东部沿海城市向西部开发地区流动，既发挥了资金密集型的优势，又扩大了农村剩余劳动力的转移，还可以加快城镇基础设施建设步伐，特别是交通网络的完善速度。

因此，只有改革开放才能把封闭的旧中国逐渐变成充满生机的新世纪。

在计划经济条件下，中央集权的行政管理模式使中国经济几乎停滞不前。

而在全球经济一体化的今天，每个中国企业、单位都需要主动适应瞬息万变的国际环境，积极参与国际竞争，争取获得稳定、可靠、及时的原料供应，降低经营风险。

这种适应是难以避免的。

谁先抢占先机，抢抓机遇，谁就能够从容应付复杂多变的国际局势。

所以说，无论对政府机构、企业、科研院所、大专院校还是每个普通百姓，这种深刻的影响和冲击都是不言而喻的。

wto英文

Chapter 1WTO 是什么？一 .英文原版资料导读1．Who we areThere are a number of ways of looking at the World Trade Organization. It is an organization for trade opening. It is a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements. It is a place for them to settle trade disputes. It operates a system of trade rules. Essentially, the WTO is a place where member governments try to sort out the trade problems they face with each other.The WTO was born out of negotiations, and everything the WTO does is the result of negoti ations. The bulk of the WTO’s current work comes from the 1986–94 negotiations called the Uruguay Round and earlier negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO is currently the host to new negotiations, under the ‘DohaDev elopment Agenda’ launched in 2001.Where countries have faced trade barriers and wanted them lowered, the negotiations have helped to open markets for trade. But the WTO is not just about opening markets, and in some circumstances its rules support maintaining trade barriers — for example, to protect consumers or prevent the spread of disease.At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations. These documents provide the legal ground rules for international commerce. They are essentially contracts, binding governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits. Although negotiated and signed by governments, the goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business, while allowing governments to meet social and environmental objectives.The system’s overriding purpose is to help trade flow as freely as possible — so long as there are no undesirable side effects — because this is important for economic development and well-being. That partly means removing obstacles. It also means ensuring that individuals, companies and governments know what the trade rules are around the world,and giving them the confidence that there will be no sudden changes of policy. In other words, the rules have to be ‘transparent’ and predictable.Trade relations often involve conflicting interests. Agreements, including those painstakingly negotiated in the WTO system, often need interpreting. The most harmonious way to settle these differences is through some neutral procedure based on an agreed legal foundation. That is the purpose behind the dispute settlement process written into the WTO agreements.2. What we doThe WTO is run by its member governments. All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers (who usually meet at least once every two years) or by their ambassadors or delegates (who meet regularly in Geneva).While the WTO is driven by its member states, it could not function without its Secretariat to coordinate the activities. The Secretariat employs over 600 staff, and its experts — lawyers, economists, statisticians and communications experts — assist WTO members on a daily basis to ensure, among other things, that negotiations progress smoothly, and that the rules of international trade are correctly applied and enforced.Trade negotiationsThe WTO agreements cover goods, services and intellectual property. They spell out the principles of liberalization, and the permitted exceptions. They include individual countries’ commitments to lower customs tariffs and other trade barriers, and to open and keep open services markets. They set procedures for settling disputes. These agreements are not static; they are renegotiated from time to time and new agreements can be added to the package. Many are now being negotiated under the Doha Development Agenda, launched by WTO trade ministers in Doha, Qatar, in November 2001.Implementation and monitoringWTO agreements require governments to make their trade policies transparent by notifying the WTO about laws in force and measures adopted. Various WTO councils and committees seek to ensure that these requirements are being followed and that WTO agreements are being properly implemented. All WTO members must undergo periodic scrutiny of their trade policies and practices, each review containing reports by the country concerned and the WTO Secretariat.Dispute settlementThe WTO’s procedure for resolving trade quarrels under the Dispute Settlement Understanding is vital for enforcing the rules and therefore for ensuring that trade flowssmoothly. Countries bring disputes to the WTO if they think their rights under the agreements are being infringed. Judgements by specially appointed independent experts are based on interpretations of the agreements and individual countries’ commitments.Building trade capacityWTO agreements contain special provision for developing countries, including longer time periods to implement agreements and commitments, measures to increase their trading opportunities, and support to help them build their trade capacity, to handle disputes and to implement technical standards. The WTO organizes hundreds of technical cooperation missions to developing countries annually. It also holds numerous courses each year in Geneva for government officials. Aid for Trade aims to help developing countries develop the skills and infrastructure needed to expand their trade.OutreachThe WTO maintains regular dialogue with non-governmental organizations, parliamentarians, other international organizations, the media and the general public on various aspects of the WTO and the ongoing Doha negotiations, with the aim of enhancing cooperation and increasing awareness of WTO activities.3．What we stand forThe WTO agreements are lengthy and complex because they are legal texts covering a wide range of activities. But a number of simple, fundamental principles run throughout all of these documents. These principles are the foundation of the multilateral trading system.Non-discriminationA country should not discriminate between its trading partners and it should not discriminate between its own and foreign products, services or nationals.More openLowering trade barriers is one of the most obvious ways of encouraging trade; these barriers include customs duties (or tariffs) and measures such as import bans or quotas that restrict quantities selectively.Predictable and transparentForeign companies, investors and governments should be confident that trade barriers should not be raised arbitrarily. With stability and predictability, investment is encouraged, jobs are created and consumers can fully enjoy the benefits of competition — choice and lower prices.More competitiveDiscouraging ‘unfair’ pra ctices, such as export subsidies and dumping products at below cost to gain market share; the issues are complex, and the rules try to establish what is fair or unfair, and how governments can respond, in particular by charging additional import duties calculated to compensate for damage caused by unfair trade.More beneficial for less developed countriesGiving them more time to adjust, greater flexibility and special privileges; overthree-quarters of WTO members are developing countries and countries in transition to market economies. The WTO agreements give them transition periods to adjust to the more unfamiliar and, perhaps, difficult WTO provisions.Protect the environmentThe WTO’s agreements permit members to take measures to protect not only the environment but also public health, animal health and plant health. However, these measures must be applied in the same way to both national and foreign businesses. In other words, members must not use environmental protection measures as a means of disguising protectionist policies.4．Mission statement—a statement by the Director-GeneralThe World Trade Organization — the WTO — is the international organization whose primary purpose is to open trade for the benefit of all.The WTO provides a forum for negotiating agreements aimed at reducing obstacles to international trade and ensuring a level playing field for all, thus contributing to economic growth and development. The WTO also provides a legal and institutional framework for the implementation and monitoring of these agreements, as well as for settling disputes arising from their interpretation and application. The current body of trade agreements comprising the WTO consists of 16 different multilateral agreements (to which all WTO members are parties) and two different plurilateral agreements (to which only some WTO members are parties).Over the past 60 years, the WTO, which was established in 1995, and its predecessor organization the GATT have helped to create a strong and prosperous international trading system, thereby contributing to unprecedented global economic growth. The WTO currently has 153 members, of which 117 are developing countries or separate customs territories. WTO activities are supported by a Secretariat of some 700 staff, led by the WTODirector-General. The Secretariat is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and has an annualbudget of approximately CHF 200 million ($180 million, €130 million). The three official languages of the WTO are English, French and Spanish.Decisions in the WTO are generally taken by consensus of the entire membership. The highest institutional body is the , which meets roughly every two years. A conducts the organization's business in the intervals between Ministerial Conferences. Both of these bodies comprise all members. Specialised subsidiary bodies (Councils, Committees,Sub-committees), also comprising all members, administer and monitor the implementation by members of the various WTO agreements.More specifically, the WTO's main activities are:negotiating the reduction or elimination of obstacles to trade (import tariffs, other barriers to trade) and agreeing on rules governing the conduct of international trade(e.g. antidumping, subsidies, product standards, etc.)— administering and monitoring the application of the WTO's agreed rules for trade in goods, trade in services, and trade-related intellectual property rights— monitoring and reviewing the trade policies of our members, as well as ensuringtransparency of regional and bilateral trade agreements— settling disputes among our members regarding the interpretation and application of the agreements— building capacity of developing country government officials in international trade matters— assisting the process of accession of some 30 countries who are not yet members of the organization— conducting economic research and collecting and disseminating trade data in support of the WTO's other main activities— explaining to and educating the public about the WTO, its mission and its activities.The WTO's founding and guiding principles remain the pursuit of open borders, the guarantee of most-favoured-nation principle and non-discriminatory treatment by and among members, and a commitment to transparency in the conduct of its activities. The opening of national markets to international trade, with justifiable exceptions or with adequate flexibilities, will encourage and contribute to sustainable development, raise people's welfare, reduce poverty, and foster peace and stability. At the same time, such market opening must be accompanied by sound domestic and international policies that contribute to economic growth and development according to each member's needs and aspirations.二．New words and expressions1. painstakingly adv. 煞费苦心地；费力地2. the bulk of 大多数，大部3. overriding adj. 高于一切的，最重要的v. 践踏；压垮；不顾（override 的ing形式）4. transparent adj. 透明的；显然的；易懂的；坦率的5. predictable adj. 可预言的6．ambassador n. 大使；使节；代表7. delegate vt. 委派…为代表n. 代表8. secretariat n. 秘书处；书记处；秘书（书记，部长等）之职9. parliamentarian n. 国会议员，熟练而又有经验的议员adj. 议会的10. discriminate vt. 区别；辨别；歧视vi. 区别；辨别；歧视11. arbitrarily adv. 武断地；反复无常地；专横地12. transition periods [经] 过渡时期13. prosperous adj. 繁荣的；兴旺的14. predecessor n. 前任，前辈15. subsidiary bodies：附属机构16．foster vt. 养育，抚育；培养；抱（希望等）adj. 收养的，养育的17. aspiration n. 渴望；抱负；呼气；吸引术三．Legal Terms1. World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织（产生于关贸总协定的乌拉圭谈判，其目的是为促进多边贸易谈判和协议而成立的。

ChinaAccessiontoWTO-中国加入了世界贸易组织_高考英语作文

China Accession to WTO-中国加入了世界贸易组织China entered into the World Trade Organization on December l lth,2001. In other words, China has gone to the world. The world has accepted China. WTO is an international organization that works to guarantee fair trade between many nations. In the future China will have a low international tax. People can buy goods of good quality with less money. There will be more jobs available. Chinese people will have a high level of life. It benefits the country and its people. I think China's entry into the WTO will have a large number of economic benefits. At the same time, it also brings us many challenges. We will have to face more fierce competition.As, middle school students, we must study hard and study English well. English will be more useful than ever before in the world. Most important of all, support our country at this time of challenge.2001年12月11日，中国加入了世界贸易组织，也就是说中国已经走向了世界，而世界也接受了中国。

TheWorldTradeOrganization（WTO）世界贸易组织

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.> WTO 10th AnniversaryThe WTO in BriefA starting point for essential information about the WTO.> Browse html version online> Download in pdf format (8 pages, 402 KB, opens in a new window)About the WTO — ‘Understanding the WTO’An introduction, in more depth, to the WTO and its agreements.Browse> Browse html version online “revised February 2007”Download whole document> Download in pdf format (116 pages; 1298KB, opens in a new window)Download by chapter (pdf format):> Chapter 1: Basics (23 pages; 366KB, opens in a new window)> Chapter 2: The Agreements (31 pages; 284KB, opens in a new window)> Chapter 3: Settling disputes (7 pages; 134KB, opens in a new window)> Chapter 4: Cross-cutting and new issues (13 pages; 134KB, opens in a new window)> Chapter 5: The Doha Agenda (15 pages; 240KB, opens in a new window)> Chapter 6: Developing Countries (7 pages; 147KB, opens in a new window)> Chapter 7: The Organization (12 pages; 185KB, opens in a new window)10 benefits of the WTO trading systemFrom the money in our pockets and the goods and services that we use, to a more peaceful world — the WTO and the trading system offer a range of benefits, some well-known, others not so obvious.> Browse html version online> Download in pdf format (18 pages, 350KB, opens in a new window)10 common misunderstandings about the WTOIs it a dictatorial tool of the rich and powerful? Does it destroy jobs? Does it ignore the concerns of health, the environment and development?Emphatically no. Criticisms of the WTO are often based on fundamental misunderstandings of the way the WTO works.> Browse html version online> Download in pdf format (14 pages, 261 KB, opens in a new window)Multimedia presentations> Overview of the WTO — Includes a self-evaluation sectionVideos> From GATT to WTO> To the heart of the WTO> Basic principles of the WTO system> Why is it important to liberalize?> A virtual tour of the WTOWTO/CPA booklet for MPsThe WTO and Commonwealth Parliamentary Association have published a new booklet on the multilateral trading system, based on regional workshops for African and Caribbean Parliamentarians held in Cape Town and Port-of-Spain in 2003.> Download (pdf format, 36 pages, 1.4MB, opens in a new window)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------A word of caution: the fine printWhile every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the texts in this introductory section, they cannot be taken as an official legal interpretation of the agreements.In addition, some simplifications are used in order to keep the text simple and clear. In particular, the words “country” and “nation” are frequently used to describe WTO members, whereas a few members are officially “customs territories”, and not necessarily countries in the usual sense of the word (see list of members). The same applies when participants in trade negotiations are called “countries” or “nations”.Where there is little risk of misunderstanding, the word “member” is dropped from “member countries (nations, governments)”, for example in the descriptions of the WTO agreements. Naturally, the agreements and commitments do not apply to non-members.In some parts of the text, GATT is described as an “international organization”. The phrase reflects GATT's de facto role before the WTO was created, and it is used simplistically here to help readers understand that role. As the text points out, thisrole was always ad hoc, without a proper legal foundation. International law did not recognize GATT as an organization. For simplicity, the text also uses the term “GATT members”. Officially, GATT signatories were “contracting parties”.。

世界贸易组织概论(英文版)Chapter 2 Objectives, Functions and Principles of the WTO

2. Provide the forum for multilateral trade negotiations among the Members
3. Dispute settlement
• Dispute settlement is one of the main pillars of the multilateral trading system, and the WTO’s unique contribution to the stability of the world trade.
Introduction to the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Chapter 2 Objectives, Functions and Principles of the WTO
2.1 Objectives and Functions of the WTO
2.1.1 Objectives
• The WTO agreements allow Members to introduce changes gradually, through progressive liberalization. • Developing Members are usually given longer period to fulfill their obligations.
2.2.2 Freer trade
• Gradually freer trade through negotiation is one of the most important principles of the WTO, as lowering trade barriers is one of the most obvious means of encouraging trade.