广东省天河区届高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 动词时态和语态解析

动词时态和语态精讲精炼02十一、一般现在时代替过去时1.“书上说”“报纸上说”等。

The newspaper says that it’s going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。

2.叙述往事，使其生动。

Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破仑的部队冲上来了，战斗打响了。

十二、一般现在时代替完成时1.有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：hear，tell，learn，write，understand，forget，know，find，say,rememberI hear (=have heard)he will go to London.I forget (=have forgotten)how old he is.2.句型“It is...since...”代替“It has been...since...”It is (=has been)five years since we last met.十三、一般现在时代替进行时1.句型：Here comes...； There goes...Look，here comes Mr.Li.看，李先生来了。

十四、现在进行时代替将来时1.表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。

Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗?We are leaving soon.我们马上就走。

2.渐变动词，如：get，run，grow，become，begin，dieHe is dying.他快要不行了。

十五、时态一致1.如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时。

At that time，people did not know that the earth moves.在那时，人们不知道地球是运动的。

He told me last week that he is eighteen.他上周告诉我他18岁了。

2.宾语从句中的助动词ought，need，must，dare 时态是不变的。

He thought that I need not tell you the truth.他原以为我没有必要告诉你真相。

十六、时态与时间状语时间状语一般现在时every...，sometimes,at...，on Sunday一般过去时yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982，just now 一般将来时next...，tomorrow，in+时间现在完成时for，since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，up to now，in past years，always，recently过去完成时before，by，until，when，after，once，as soon as过去进行时this morning，the whole morning，all day，yesterday，from nine to ten last evening...when，while将来进行时soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Sunday，by this time，tomorrow，in two days，tomorrow evening动词的语态一、分类及定义语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。

1.若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。

此类动词为感官动词。

feel，hear，help，listen to，look at，make，observe，see，notice，watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom.老师把我赶出了教室。

→I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).我被老师赶出了教室。

2.情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.煤可以用来发电以供应工农业生产。

二、功能及用法1.let 的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。

They let the strange go.The strange was let go.他们让那个陌生人走了。

2)若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。

The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.I was allowed/permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.护士让我去看望在医院的 同学 。

2.短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

My sister will be taken care of by grandma.我妹妹将由奶奶来照顾。

Such a thing has never been heard of before.那种事情以前从来没听说过。

3.表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组believe，consider，declare，expect，feel，report，say，see，suppose，think，understandIt is said that...据说It is reported that...据报道It is believed that...大家相信It is hoped that...大家希望It is well known that...众所周知It is thought that...大家认为It is suggested that...据建议It is taken granted that...被视为当然It has been decided that...大家决定It must be remembered that...务必记住的是……It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.据说她周二动身去武汉。

4.不用被动语态的情况1)不及物动词或某些动词短语无被动语态：appear，die disappear，end (vi.结束)，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand,break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place比较： rise，fall，happen是不及物动词；raise，seat是及物动词。

价格上涨了。

(错)The price has been risen.(对)The price has risen.事故发生在上周。

(错)The accident was happened last week.(对) The accident happened last week.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。

特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。

解决这一问题惟有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit，have，hold，marry，own，wish，cost，notice，watch agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong toYour story agrees with what had already been heard.你的故事跟我们听到的相符。

3)系动词无被动语态：appear，be become，fall，feel，get，grow，keep，look，remain，seem，smell， sound，stay，taste，turnIt sounds good.这听起来不错。

4)带同源宾语的及物动词、反身代词、相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die，death，dream，live，lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.她昨天晚上做了一个噩梦。

5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

她喜欢游泳。

(对)She likes to swim.(错)To swim is liked by her.5.主动形式表示被动意义1) wash，clean，cook，iron，look，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，write，sell，drive...The book sells well.这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。

2)blame，let(出租)，remain，keep，rent，buildI was to blame for the accident.对于这起事故我应受责备。

Much work remains.还剩下好多活。

3)在need，require，want，worth(形容词)，deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。

The door needs repairing.=The door needs to be repaired.这扇门需要修了。

This room needs cleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。

This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

4)特殊结构：make sb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)have sth.done (要某人做某事)。

6.被动形式表示主动意义be determined，be pleased，be graduated (from)，be finished，be prepared (for)，be occupied (in)，get marriedHe is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。

注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。

He married a rich girl.他娶了一个有钱的女孩。