高考理78练
78年地理高考试题及答案

78年地理高考试题及答案1978年的地理高考试题及答案反映了那个时代中国的教育特点和考试风格。
由于当时的考试资料保存并不像现在这样容易获取,以下内容是根据当时教育背景和地理学知识构建的模拟试题及答案,以供参考。
一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 地球的自转周期是多久?A. 24小时B. 12小时C. 48小时D. 72小时答案:A2. 以下哪个不是中国的邻国?A. 朝鲜B. 越南C. 印度D. 巴西答案:D3. 长江是中国的第几大河流?A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案:A4. 以下哪个是热带雨林气候?A. 亚马逊盆地B. 撒哈拉沙漠C. 西伯利亚D. 格陵兰岛答案:A5. 以下哪个国家不属于欧洲?A. 法国B. 德国C. 中国D. 意大利答案:C...(此处省略其他选择题)二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1. 地球的赤道周长大约是________公里。
答案:400752. 中国最大的淡水湖是________。
答案:鄱阳湖3. 世界上最深的海沟是________。
答案:马里亚纳海沟...(此处省略其他填空题)三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)1. 请简述中国的主要气候类型及其分布特点。
答案:中国的主要气候类型包括温带季风气候、亚热带季风气候、热带季风气候、高原山地气候等。
温带季风气候主要分布在华北、东北地区;亚热带季风气候主要分布在长江中下游地区;热带季风气候主要分布在海南岛和广东南部;高原山地气候主要分布在青藏高原地区。
2. 请简述板块构造学说的基本观点。
答案:板块构造学说认为地球的岩石圈不是一个整体,而是由若干个大小不一的板块组成。
这些板块在地幔的流动作用下相互移动,板块之间的相互作用包括碰撞挤压、分离拉伸和擦过滑动,是造成地震、火山活动和山脉形成的主要原因。
四、论述题(每题15分,共30分)1. 论述中国的地形特征及其对气候和水文的影响。
答案:中国的地形特征复杂多样,总体上呈现出西高东低的格局。
广西柳铁一中2024届高三高考模拟冲刺试题(理科综合)高效提分物理部分(基础必刷)

广西柳铁一中2024届高三高考模拟冲刺试题(理科综合)高效提分物理部分(基础必刷)一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题有一种能自动计数的智能呼啦圈深受健身者的喜爱,智能呼啦圈腰带外侧有半径的圆形光滑轨道,将安装有滑轮的短杆嵌入轨道并能自由滑动,短杆的另一端悬挂一根带有配重的腰带轻质细绳,其简化模型如图。
已知配重(可视为质点)质量,绳长为。
水平固定好腰带,通过人体微小扭动,使配重在水平面内做匀速圆周运动,在某一段时间内细绳与竖直方向夹角始终为。
腰带可看作不动,重力加速度取,不计空气阻力,,,下列说法正确的是( )A.配重受到的合力大小为10N B.配重的角速度为C.若细绳不慎断裂,配重将自由下落D.若增大转速,细绳对配重的拉力将变小第(2)题一辆汽车匀速通过圆弧形拱桥的过程中,汽车( )A.向心加速度不变B.动量不断变化C.受到的支持力和重力沿半径方向的分力始终等大反向D.通过最高点时对地压力小于支持力第(3)题如图所示,国内首台海上风电机组在三峡集团福建福清兴化湾二期海上风电场成功并网发电,是目前我国自主研发的单机容量亚太地区最大、全球第二大的海上风电机组。
若已知该风力发电机的年均输出功率为设计功率的55%,每户家庭月均耗电,则一台发电机可供大约多少户用电( )A.5000B.1万C.2万D.4万第(4)题2023年3月,大连地铁5号线正式开通,这是中国东北地区首条跨海地铁线路。
大连地铁5号线全长25km,始发站到终点站直线距离20km。
一游客乘坐地铁5号线列车由始发站到终点站用时40分钟,在此过程中( )A.该游客的位移为22.5kmB.该游客的平均速度为30km/hC.该游客相对于所乘列车的位移为20kmD.该游客相对于所乘列车的平均速度为30km/h第(5)题有a、b、c、d四颗地球卫星,a还未发射,在地球赤道上随地球表面一起转动,b处于地面附近近地轨道上正常运动,c是地球同步卫星,d是高空探测卫星,各卫星排列位置如图,则有( )A.a的向心加速度等于重力加速度g B.c在4 h内转过的圆心角是C.b在相同时间内转过的弧长最长D.d的运动周期有可能是20 h第(6)题某质点做直线运动的位置x与时间t的关系图像如图所示。
专题78 工艺流程——物质分离(教师版)十年(2013-2022)高考化学真题分项汇编(全国通用)

专题78工艺流程——物质分离提纯1.【2022年全国甲卷】硫酸锌(4ZnSO )是制备各种含锌材料的原料,在防腐、电镀、医学上有诸多应用。
硫酸锌可由菱锌矿制备。
菱锌矿的主要成分为3ZnCO ,杂质为2SiO 以及CA .Mg 、Fe 、Cu 等的化合物。
其制备流程如下:本题中所涉及离子的氢氧化物溶度积常数如下表:离子3+Fe 2+Zn 2+Cu 2+Fe 2+Mg sp K 384.010-⨯176.710-⨯202.210-⨯168.010-⨯111.810-⨯回答下列问题:(1)菱锌矿焙烧生成氧化锌的化学方程式为_______。
(2)为了提高锌的浸取效果,可采取的措施有_______、_______。
(3)加入物质X 调溶液pH=5,最适宜使用的X 是_______(填标号)。
A .32NH H O ⋅B .2Ca(OH)C .NaOH滤渣①的主要成分是_______、_______、_______。
(4)向80~90℃的滤液①中分批加入适量4KMnO 溶液充分反应后过滤,滤渣②中有2MnO ,该步反应的离子方程式为_______。
(5)滤液②中加入锌粉的目的是_______。
(6)滤渣④与浓24H SO 反应可以释放HF 并循环利用,同时得到的副产物是_______、_______。
【答案】(1)ZnCO 3焙烧ZnO+CO 2↑(2)将焙烧后的产物碾碎,增大接触面积增大硫酸的浓度等(3)B Fe(OH)3CaSO 4SiO 2(4)3Fe 2++-4MnO +7H 2O=3Fe(OH)3↓+MnO 2↓+5H +(5)置换Cu 2+为Cu 从而除去(6)CaSO 4MgSO 4【解析】由题干信息,菱锌矿的主要成分为ZnCO 3,杂质为SiO 2以及CA .Mg 、Fe 、Cu 等的化合物,结合流程图分析,菱锌矿焙烧,主要发生反应ZnCO 3焙烧ZnO+CO 2↑,再加入H 2SO 4酸浸,得到含Zn 2+、Ca 2+、Mg 2+、Fe 2+、Fe 3+、Cu 2+的溶液,加入物质X 调节pH=5,结合表格数据,过滤得到Fe(OH)3、CaSO 4、SiO 2的滤渣①,滤液①中主要含有Zn 2+、Cu 2+、Mg 2+、Ca 2+、Fe 2+,再向滤液①中加入KMnO 4溶液氧化Fe 2+,过滤得到Fe(OH)3和MnO 2的滤渣②,滤液②中加入锌粉,发生反应Zn+Cu 2+=Zn 2+=Cu ,过滤后得到滤渣③为Cu ,再向滤液③中加入HF 脱钙镁,过滤得到滤渣④为CaF 2、MgF 2,滤液④为ZnSO 4溶液,经一系列处理得到ZnSO 4·7H 2O ,据此分析解答。
高考物理《恒定电流》真题练习含答案

高考物理《恒定电流》真题练习含答案1.[2024·新课标卷](多选)电动汽车制动时可利用车轮转动将其动能转换成电能储存起来.车轮转动时带动磁极绕固定的线圈旋转,在线圈中产生电流.磁极匀速转动的某瞬间,磁场方向恰与线圈平面垂直,如图所示.将两磁极间的磁场视为匀强磁场,则磁极再转过90°时,线圈中()A.电流最小B.电流最大C.电流方向由P指向QD.电流方向由Q指向P答案:BD解析:磁极顺时针匀速转动相当于线圈逆时针匀速转动,线圈从中性面位置开始转动,磁极转过90°时即线圈逆时针转过90°时,穿过线圈的磁通量为0,磁通量的变化率最大,线圈中电流最大,A错误,B正确;磁极转过90°时相当于题图示中PQ向下切割磁感线,由右手定则可知线圈中电流方向由Q指向P,C错误,D正确.2.[2023·江苏卷]小明通过实验探究电压表内阻对测量结果的影响.所用器材有:干电池(电动势约1.5 V,内阻不计)2节;两量程电压表(量程0~3 V,内阻约3 kΩ;量程0~15 V,内阻约15 kΩ)1个;滑动变阻器(最大阻值50 Ω)1个;定值电阻(阻值50 Ω)21个;开关1个及导线若干.实验电路如图1所示.(1)电压表量程应选用________(选填“3 V”或“15 V”).(2)图2为该实验的实物电路(右侧未拍全).先将滑动变阻器的滑片置于如图所示的位置,然后用导线将电池盒上接线柱A与滑动变阻器的接线柱________(选填“B”“C”或“D”)连接,再闭合开关,开始实验.(3)将滑动变阻器滑片移动到合适位置后保持不变,依次测量电路中O与1,2,…,21之间的电压.某次测量时,电压表指针位置如图3所示,其示数为________ V.根据测量数据作出电压U与被测电阻值R的关系图线,如图4中实线所示.(4)在图1所示的电路中,若电源电动势为E,电压表视为理想电压表,滑动变阻器接入的阻值为R1,定值电阻的总阻值为R2,当被测电阻为R时,其两端的电压U=________(用E、R1、R2、R表示),据此作出UR理论图线如图4中虚线所示.小明发现被测电阻较小或较大时,电压的实测值与理论值相差较小.(5)分析可知,当R较小时,U的实测值与理论值相差较小,是因为电压表的分流小,电压表内阻对测量结果影响较小.小明认为,当R较大时,U的实测值与理论值相差较小,也是因为相同的原因.你是否同意他的观点?请简要说明理由________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________.答案:(1)3 V(2)D(3)1.50(4)ERR1+R2(5)不同意,理由见解析解析:(1)所用电源为两节干电池,电动势为3 V,则所用电表量程为3 V;(2)闭合开关之前,滑动变阻器阻值应该调到最大,则由图可知,电池盒上的接线柱A 应该与滑动变阻器的接线柱D连接;(3)电压表最小刻度为0.1 V,则读数为1.50 V;(4)由闭合电路欧姆定律可得I=ER1+R2当被测电阻阻值为R时电压表读数U=IR=ERR1+R2(5)不同意;当R较大时,则电压表内阻不能忽略,则电路中的电流I=ER1+(R2-R)+RR V R+R V则电压表读数为U=ER1+(R2-R)+RR VR+R V·RR VR+R V=E(R1+R2-R)(R+R V)RR V+1当R较大时,R=R2时R最大,此时U=ER1(R2+R V)R2R V +1=ER1R V+R1R2+1因R V≫R1,则电压表读数接近于U=ER1 R2+1=ER2R1+R23.[2022·全国甲卷]某同学要测量微安表内阻,可利用的实验器材有:电源E(电动势1.5V,内阻很小),电流表(量程10 mA,内阻约10 Ω),微安表(量程100 μA,内阻R g待测,约1 kΩ),滑动变阻器R(最大阻值10 Ω),定值电阻R0(阻值10 Ω),开关S,导线若干.(1)将图中所示的器材符号连线,画出实验电路原理图;(2)某次测量中,微安表的示数为90.0 μA,电流表的示数为9.00 mA,由此计算出微安表内阻R g=________ Ω.答案:(1)如图所示(2)990解析:流过电阻R 0的电流I 0=I -I g =9 mA -0.09 mA =8.91 mA ,由欧姆定律可知,R g=I 0R 0I g =8.91×100.09Ω=990 Ω. 4.[2024·浙江1月,节选]在“观察电容器的充、放电现象”实验中,把电阻箱R(0~9 999 Ω)、一节干电池、微安表(量程0~300 μA ,零刻度在中间位置)、电容器C(2 200 μF 、16 V )、单刀双掷开关组装成如图1所示的实验电路.(1)把开关S 接1,微安表指针迅速向右偏转后示数逐渐减小到零;然后把开关S 接2,微安表指针偏转情况是________.A .迅速向右偏转后示数逐渐减小B .向右偏转示数逐渐增大C .迅速向左偏转后示数逐渐减小D .向左偏转示数逐渐增大(2)再把电压表并联在电容器两端,同时观察电容器充电时电流和电压变化情况.把开关S 接1,微安表指针迅速向右偏转后示数逐渐减小到160 μA 时保持不变;电压表示数由零逐渐增大,指针偏转到如图2所示位置时保持不变,则电压表示数为________V ,电压表的阻值为________kΩ(计算结果保留两位有效数字).答案:(1)C (2)0.50 3.1解析:(1)把开关S 接1,电容器充电,电流从右向左流过微安表,微安表指针迅速向右偏转后示数逐渐减小到零;把开关S 接2,电容器放电,电流从左向右流过微安表,则微安表指针迅速向左偏转后示数逐渐减小.(2)由题意可知电压表应选用0~3 V 量程,由图2可知此时分度值为0.1 V ,需要估读到0.01 V ,则读数为0.50 V .当微安表示数稳定时,电容器中不再有电流通过,此时干电池、电阻箱、微安表和电压表构成回路,根据闭合电路欧姆定律有R +R V =E I = 1.5160×10-6 Ω=9.375 kΩ 根据串联电路规律有R R V =U R U V =1.5-0.50.5=2 联立可得R V≈3.1 kΩ5.[2021·广东卷]某小组研究热敏电阻阻值随温度的变化规律.根据实验需要已选用了规格和量程合适的器材.(1)先用多用电表预判热敏电阻阻值随温度的变化趋势.选择适当倍率的欧姆挡,将两表笔________,调节欧姆调零旋钮,使指针指向右边“0 Ω”处.测量时观察到热敏电阻温度越高,相同倍率下多用电表指针向右偏转角度越大,由此可判断热敏电阻阻值随温度的升高而________.(2)再按下图连接好电路进行测量.①闭合开关S前,将滑动变阻器R1的滑片滑到________端(填“a”或“b”).将温控室的温度设置为T,电阻箱R0调为某一阻值R01.闭合开关S,调节滑动变阻器R1,使电压表和电流表的指针偏转到某一位置.记录此时电压表和电流表的示数、T和R01.断开开关S.再将电压表与热敏电阻C端间的导线改接到D端,闭合开关S.反复调节R0和R1,使电压表和电流表的示数与上述记录的示数相同.记录此时电阻箱的阻值R02.断开开关S.②实验中记录的阻值R01________R02(填“大于”“小于”或“等于”),此时热敏电阻阻值R T=________.(3)改变温控室的温度,测量不同温度时的热敏电阻阻值,可以得到热敏电阻阻值随温度的变化规律.答案:(1)短接减小(2)①b②大于R01-R02解析:(1)使用多用电表的欧姆挡前应先欧姆调零,即将两表笔短接.温度越高,相同倍率下多用电表的指针向右偏转的角度越大,则电阻阻值越小,故热敏电阻的阻值随温度的升高而减小.(2)①闭合开关前,为了保护电路,应该将滑动变阻器的滑片移到b端.②将电压表与热敏电阻C端间的导线改接到D,调节滑动变阻器和电阻箱,使电压表和电流表的示数与改接前一致,则R01=R02+R T,所以R01>R02,R T=R01-R02.。
2020高考语文复习精讲精练78《辨析不合逻辑的语病》附答案详析

2020高考语文复习精讲精练78《辨析不合逻辑的语病》要想准确辨析不合逻辑的语病,考生可参考下面“五个揣摩”的办法,以尽快化难为易。
1.揣摩句子是否叙述不合事理或概念分类不清病例①:我每次向他借书,他都不顾年老体弱,亲自冒着酷暑和严寒到小书房去找。
分析:“酷暑”与“严寒”分别是在夏天和冬天,不可能同时到来,“他”怎么能每次都“冒着酷暑和严寒”呢?这显然不合事理。
病例②:这家乒乓球馆设施齐全,可为乒乓球爱好者提供不同档次的球台、球拍、球衣、球鞋等乒乓器材。
分析:“球衣、球鞋”不属于乒乓器材,与“球台、球拍”不属于同一范畴的概念,并列不当,这是概念分类不清造成的语病。
2.揣摩句子是否主客颠倒或自相矛盾病例①:2018年平昌冬奥会的诸多情况,对我还很不熟悉。
分析:主客关系颠倒了,应该是“我对2018年平昌冬奥会的诸多情况还很不熟悉”。
病例②:当你伫立岸边,放眼无边的大海时,眼前会涌现出一幅我们的祖先日出而作、日落而息的壮丽图画。
分析:既然“放眼无边的大海”,后面呈现的图画应是大海上的情景,而此句表述的却是土地上的情景,前后矛盾。
3.揣摩句子是否前后不照应或否定不当病例①:对调整工资、发放奖金、提高职工的福利待遇等问题,文章从理论上和政策上做了详细的规定和深刻的说明,具有很强的指导意义和可操作性。
分析:此句中的“理论上和政策上”“详细的规定和深刻的说明”这两组并列短语之间的对应关系错位了,应改为“从理论上和政策上做了深刻的说明和详细的规定”。
这属于前后不照应的不合逻辑的语病。
病例②:很多人利用长假出游,怎样才能避免合法权益不受侵害,有关部门对此做了相关提示。
分析:要避免的应是“合法权益受侵害”,此句误用了否定词“不”,应删掉。
4.揣摩语段是否有滥用关联词语造成句间关系混乱的现象病例①:他上班的地方离家很远,因此他工作倍加努力。
分析:分句之间本无因果关系,滥用因果连词,强加因果,使得句间逻辑关系混乱。
病例②:古老的中国气功已经运用于竞技体育,它不但可以有效地治疗运动员的新旧伤病,而且可以调节赛前运动员经常出现的紧张情绪,迅速消除他们的疲劳。
高考地理计算时间练习题精品

高三地理时间计算专题训练一、单项选择题1.2008 年 8 月 8 日晚上 8 点,第 29 届奥运会开幕式将在中国北京鸟巢体育馆隆重开幕,届时在美国纽约(西五区)的观众起先收看开幕式现场直播的当地时间是()A.8月9日9点 B.8月8日7点C.8月7日19点 D.8月8日21点某海轮自M港航行至N港,读图,回答2~3题。
2.海轮途经30°S,82°W,该地通过地心与它相对的地点的经纬度是 ( )A.60°N,98°E B.30°N,98°E C.30°N,82°E D.60°N,82°E3.若海轮要在当地时间2008年3月20日8时到达N地,途中需航行20天整,则海轮最迟从M地动身的时间是()A.2月26日23时 B.2月27日17时 C.2月29日23时 D.2月28日17时读下面四幅经纬网图,回答4-6题。
4.当北京时间是5月1日8时,上图中哪一点的区时刚好是4月30日20时()5.一架飞机6月22日从A点飞往C点,沿直线飞行,飞机朝哪个方向飞行()A.东北 B.西北 C.西南 D.东南6.当C点的区时为6月22日4时,此刻全球以哪两条经线为界,分属两个日期()A.20°W和160°E B.120°E和180°C.160°E和180° D.60°W和180°7.若一架飞机在某地(30°N,116°E)起飞向东,北京时间是 2015 年 3 月 8 日 14 时,经过 10 小时到达加拿大温哥华(西五区)的时间是()A.3月8日1时 B.3月8日11时C.3月7日1时 D.3月9日10时读右图,回答8—9题。
8.若该图为以极点为中心的俯视图,A、B 所在经线两侧为不同日期,则我国大陆最东端所在时区的区时为()A.7:00 B.8:00 C.9:00 D.10:009.若该图为地球侧视图,为赤道,图示部分既是西半球又是昼半球且北京正午人影将越来越长,则此时北京时间为()A.3月21日3:20 B.3月21日15:20C.9月23日3:20 D.9月23日15:202015年12月21日9:00(北京时间)一架飞机从北京动身,沿最短的路途飞往位于(64°W,80°S)的某地,为我国科考队员运输考察物资,物资空投处需美国科考队员帮助空投(美方运用西五区时间),我方队员接到通知飞机将在18小时后准时飞临指定地点。
高考英语完形填空基础练习精品题(78)
2014高考英语完形填空基础练习精品题(78)及答案完形填空练习It was raining. I went into a café and asked for a coffee. 1 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place, but I sensed 2 .I saw their bodies, but I couldn't feel their souls 3 their souls belonged to the 4 .I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man 5 in front of it. "I'm Steve", he finally answered after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. "I can't talk with you. I'm 6 ", he said. He was chatting online and, 7 , he was playing a computer game—a war game. I was 8 .Why didn't Steve want to talk with me? I tried 9 to speak to that computer geek (怪人), 10 not a word came out of his mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction (反应). I was 11 . I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout, " 12 !"I took a few steps back, wondering if all those people in the café were loo king at me. I _ 13 , and saw nobody showed any interest.14 , I realized that the people there were having a nice conversation with their machines, not with people. They were more 15 having a relationship with the 16 , particularly Steve. I wouldn't want to 17 the future of human beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines 18 with people.I was worried and I sank in my thoughts. I didn't even 19 that the coffee was bad, 20 Steve didn't notice there was a person next to him.1. A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While2. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. fear3. A. because B. when C. until D. unless4. A. home B. world C. net D. cafe5. A. sleeping B. laughing C. sitting D. learning6. A. busy B. thirsty C. tired D. sick7. A. first of all B. just then C. at the same time D. bythat time8. A. surprised B. delighted C. moved D. frightened9. A. once B. again C. first D. even10. A. but B. so C. if D. or11. A. excited B. respected C. afraid D. unhappy12. A. Shut up B. Enjoy yourself C. Leave me alone D. Helpme out.13. A. walked about B. walked out C. raised my hand D. raised my head14. A. From then on B. At that moment C. In all D. Aboveall15. A. interested in B. tired of C. careful about D.troubled by16. A. computer B. soul C. shop D. geek17. A. tell B. plan C. imagine D. design18. A. other than B. instead of C. except for D. aswell as19. A. pretend B. understand C. insist D.realize20. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though完形填空练习(九十一)1~5 DBACC 6~10 ACABA 11~15 DCDBA 16~20 ACBDB完形填空(记叙文)Sandra had not been to Las Vegas in more than a year. She was 1 . Her sister Janicewas coming by to 2 her up in about ten minutes. Sandra finished putting her toothbrush and toothpaste into her travel bag; those were the last two 3 on her “to pack” list.She had called 4 , of course, to get a room for Janice and herself. The 5 told her that no more rooms were 6 at the price that was 7 in the newspaper. This was no surprise to Sandra. So, she put down a $100 nonrefundable deposit on a room for two nights. The 8 for both nights was going to be $200 plus taxes, surcharges, and other fees.She looked at her 9 . Janice was late, of course. Sandra had forgotten to 10 Janice of today’s departure time. To put it kindly,Janice was not exactly the most 11 person in the world. Sandra called Janice up. She left a short 12 : “Where are you? It’s time to go to Vegas! ”A few minutes later, Janice called back. She had a big problem—a schedule conflict. She had already 13 to attend her daughter’s eighth-grade graduation ceremony this 14 weekend.“Oh,Sandra, I’m so sorry, ” Janice said. “I know how much you had wanted to do this. I thought Alice’s graduation ceremony and party were next week. I get so 15 sometimes. I’ll16 this up to you, I promise. Maybe you can call up Lily. She might be available, 17 it’s really short notice. If not, 18 , I’ll pay you for everything and we can make plans again. ”Sandra sighed and 19 her friend Lily. She wondered how Janice had made it 20 life so unorganized.1. A. moved B. inspired C. confused D. excited2. A. see B. pick C. send D. take3. A. items B. gifts C. matters D. terms4. A. later B. ago C. ahead D. presently5. A. restaurant B. agency C. hotel D. company6. A. availableB. accessible C. reliable D. acceptable7. A. told B. shown C. advertised D. offered8. A. pay B. purchase C. charge D. cost9. A. watch B. room C. time D. message10. A. warn B. remind C. notice D. call11. A. arrangedB. forgetful C. organized D. reliable12. A. notice B. message C. information D. question13. A. said B. decided C. promised D. expressed14. A. very B. just C. much D. such15. A. aware B. busy C. messy D. confused16. A. put B. make C. pick D. bring17. A. even if B. as though C. even though D. now that18. A. never mind B. that’s all right C. go ahead D. don’t worry19. A. told B. complained C. dialed D. begged20. A. through B. out C. off D. up参考答案58. DBACC ACDAB CBCAD BCDCA :完形填空(记叙文)There was once a farmer who had a 1 olive orchard. He was very hardworking, and the farm always prospered under his 2 . But he knew that his three sons despised the farm work, and were 3 to make wealth, through adventure.When the farmer was old, and 4 that his time had come to 5 , he called the three sons to him and said, “My sons,there is a pot of gold 6 in the olive orchard. Dig for it, if you wish it. ”The sons tried to 7 him to tell them in what part of the orchard the gold was hidden, but he would tell them 8 more. 9 the farmer was dead, the sons went to work to find the pot of 10 ; since they did not know 11 the hiding-place was, they agreed to begin in a 12 , at one end of the orchard, and to dig until one of them should find the gold.They dug until they had 13 the soil from one end of the orchard to the other, roundthe tree-roots and between them. But no pot of gold was 14 . It seemed as if someone 15 it, or as if the farmer had been wandering in his wits. The three sons were bitterly 16 to have all their work for nothing.The next olive 17 , the olive trees in the orchard bore more 18 than they had ever given. When it was sold, it gave the sons a whole pot of gold. And when they saw how much gold had come from the orchard, they 19 understood what the wise father had 20 when he said, “There is gold hidden in the orchard. Dig for it, if you wish it. ”1. A. poor B. weak C. tall D. fine2. A. help B. care C. supervision D. watch3. A. anxious B. ambitious C. eager D. unwilling4. A. determined B. reminded C. recalled D. felt5. A. die B. leave C. work D. end6. A. grown B. hidden C. made D. raised7. A. force B. persuade C. get D. make8. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything9. A. Since B. Until C. Because D. After10. A. orchard B. fruit C. gold D. roots11. A. that B. which C. what D. where12. A. day B. line C. place D. tree13. A. turned up B. kept up C. held up D. took up14. A. to be made B. to be found C. to be hiddenD. to be stolen15. A. should have stolen B. must have stolen C. would have stolenD. could have stolen16. A. regretful B. disappointed C. exhausted D. delighted17. A. year B. month C. season D. day18. A. gold B. pots C. fruit D. things19. A. gradually B. suddenly C. usually D. generally20. A. indicated B. expressed C. meant D. described参考答案59.DBCDA BCBDC DBABB BCCBC :完形填空(记叙文)Michael Jackson was born in 1958. He was five years old 1 he began singing with his brothers in a group called the Jackson 5. In 1968 the group 2 a recording deal from Motown Records. Michael was eleven years old when they 3 their first album a year later.The Jackson 5 became a 4 success. Their music set record. Michael was the star of the group. He was the lead singer and danced with great 5 . His extraordinary skill and presence on stage was remarkable, 6 for someone so young. The group made youthful and fun music that was very popular 7 both African-Americans and white listeners. In the 1970s, the group changed record companies and shortened their name to the Jacksons. They continued to perform together, 8 Michael Jackson started to record music 9 his own as well. His first album performing alone was “Off the Wall”,released in 1979. Three years 10 , Jackson released “Thriller”.The album was not just the best selling album of all time. It 11 won eight Grammy Awards and seven American Music Awards. And it helped establish the 12 of a new form of entertainment, music videos. In 1985, Michael Jackson helped write the song “We Are the World”.He recorded it with many other famous performers. The aim of the record was 13 money for starving people in Africa.Michael Jackson was a hug success, but he was also a very 14 man. In his life he had many operations to change his face. In 1993, a thirteen-year-old boy 15 him of sexual abuse. He was briefly 16 Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of musician Elvis Presley. After his trials, the singer spent much of his time in Europe and the Middle East. He returned to the United States with the aim of planning 17 was to be a victorious comeback.Michael Jackson died on June 25, 2009 18 heart failure. He was just days 19 from launching a series of fifty concerts in London. Fans around the world mourned his death. Famous performers around the world told about the influence 20 he had on their work. He left a huge mark on popular culture. His memory will live on in hisunforgettable music.1. A. while B. that C. which D. when2. A. signed B. signing C. signs D. had signed3. A. recorded B. released C. discovered D. covered4. A. immediate B. quick C. immediately D. quickly5. A. energy B. strength C. force D. power6. A. specially B. particularly C. especially D. fairly7. A. in B. with C. of D. between8. A. although B. when C. as D. however9. A. of B. by C. in D. on10. A. late B. later C. ago D. before11. A. still B. too C. as well D. also12. A. popularity B. popular C. popularly D. popularize13. A. to earn B. to make C. to raise D. to rise14. A. struggling B. troubled C. struggled D. troubling15. A. charged B. murdered C. accused D. complained16. A. married B. married to C. married with D. marrying17. A. which B. that C. in which D. what18. A. of B. out C. for D. in19. A. out B. far C. long D. away20. A. why B. what C. / D. who参考答案60.DABAA CBADB DACBC BDADC :完形填空训练(十九)I was cleaning out an old box when an old card caught my eye: Queen City Casket Company. “What is it?” I wondered. I 1 it over. There, in faded ink, was ahand-scrawled (手写的) 2 . Immediately my mind traveled 3 many years.I was nine years old, walking down the cold, wet streets of Springfield, witha bag of magazines on my shoulder. On my 4 that day, I came to that Company finally, whose owner, Mr Rader, had always taken me there to ask his workers 5 they wanted any magazinesShaking off the 6 like a wet dog, I entered Mr Rader’s office. After a quick glance he 7 me over to the fire-place. Noticing the 8 in the top of my 9 , he said, “Come with me!”, pulling me into his pickup 10 . We pulled to a stop before a shoe store. Inside, a salesman 11 me with the finest pair of Oxfords I had 12 seen. I 13 about 10 feet tall when I got up 14 them. “We’d like a pair of new socks too,” Mr Rader said.Back in his office, Mr Rader took out a 15 , wrote something on it, and handed it to me. With 16 eyes, I read, “Do to others as you would have them do to you.”He said affectionately (深情地), “Jimmy, I want you to 17 I love you.”I said good-bye, and for the first time I 18 a flicker of hope that somehow things would be 19 . With people like Mr Rader in the world, there was hope, kindness and love, and that would always make a 20 .1. A. read B. thought C. turned D. passed2. A. address B. list C. message D. information3. A. forward B. so C. ahead D. back4. A. return B. rounds C. trip D. arrival5. A. if only B. how C. whether D. why6. A. dust B. sweat C. tail D. rain7. A. led B. followed C. watched D. carried8. A. hole B. mud C. water D. cover9. A. magazine B. shoe C. sock D. bag10. A. truck B. factory C. home D. store11. A. dressed B. fitted C. showed D. comforted12. A. ever B. already C. never D. hardly13. A. appeared B. seemed C. looked D. felt14. A. for B. with C. on D. in15. A. pen B. paper C. card D. notebook16. A. tearful B. unbelievable C. curious D. puzzled17. A. admit B. know C. consider D. express18. A. sensed B. received C. lost D. gained19. A. mistaken B. right C. all right D. possible20. deal B. fortune C. choice D. difference完形填空训练(十九)1~5 CCDBC 6~10 DAABA 11~15 BADDC 16~20 ABACD**********************************************************结束完形填空训练(二十)A strange woman comes to my door one day in early March. It’s a rich area so we often have people selling things 1 --dusters, make-up, frozen foods—but she doesn’t look like 2 saleswoman. She hasn’t got the patter (喋喋不休) either. She 3 smiles shyly and puts a card in my hand: “Amy Turner. Pet Portraits Undertaken.”I 4 my fingernail along the cheap gold edge of the card and look at her, waiting for 5 .“I’ll paint any animal in the 6 of your own home,” Amy Turner says. “Wouldn’t you like a nice picture of your loved one? I’ve had 7 of dogs, cats, parrots, prize bulls….”“Prize bulls!”I can’t 8 looking up and down our street. The 9 of any of my neighbours 10 bulls in their back gardens makes me smile.“I don’t have any animals,”I say as we look past each other. She must be 11 some little cat or dog would come running down the hall to give the game away 12 it is the first chance I’ve had to 13 the air outside. It is one of those springmornings when you wake up and find winter’s gone. Even the camellia in the garden 14 has flowered over-night, pink blossoms which look shocking 15 the quiet greens and greys.“Why are you still in your dressing gown?” Amy says, turning her 16 back to me. “It’s nearly lunchtime. Are you ill?”“I’m fine,” I 17 . I’m not going to tell a stranger I’ve just been sickin the toilet upstairs and would still be 18 my fingers down my throat if the doorbell hadn’t rung. But now I’m not sure what to do next. Amy is still standing there. She doesn’t seem to think that not having a pet is a good enough 19 .“I’m starving,”she says and I smile politely, nodding the 20 you do before you say goodbye.1. A. side-by-side B. little-by-little C. back-and-forth D.door-to-door2. A. an ordinary B. a professional C. a green D. a serious3. A. even B. ever C. just D. simple4. A. put B. touch C. place D. run5. A. an excuse B. a deal C. an explanation D. an opinion6. A. interest B. comfort C. hope D. honour7. A. experience B. pictures C. feeling D. sense8. A. avoid B. enjoy C. help D. appreciate9. A. idea B. thought C. sight D. touch10. A. keeping B. selling C. buying D.training11. A. wishing B. thinking C. meaning D. supposing12. A. when B. and C. as D. but13. A. smell B. breathe C. feel D. take14. A. besides B. near C. opposite D. farther15. A. at B. with C. for D. against16. A. mind B. eye C. attention D. heart17. A. refuse B. agree C. tell D. lie18. A. sticking B. lifting C. leaving D. closing19. A. cause B. result C. excuse D. fault20. A. direction B. way C. head D. work完形填空训练(二十)1~5 DBCDC 6~10 BABA 11~15 ABACD 16~20 CDACB。
河北高考物理刷题练习册
河北高考物理刷题练习册一、选择题1. 光在真空中的传播速度是:A. 1000m/sB. 3×10^8 m/sC. 1×10^8 m/sD. 3×10^5 m/s2. 根据牛顿第二定律,物体的加速度与作用力成正比,与物体的质量成反比。
若已知物体的质量为2kg,作用力为10N,求物体的加速度:A. 5 m/s²B. 10 m/s²C. 20 m/s²D. 40 m/s²3. 一个点电荷在电场中受到的电场力为F=qE,其中q是点电荷的电荷量,E是电场强度。
若已知点电荷的电荷量为1C,电场强度为2N/C,求点电荷受到的电场力大小:A. 2NB. 4NC. 6ND. 8N二、填空题4. 根据库仑定律,两个点电荷之间的静电力F与它们电荷量的乘积成正比,与它们之间距离的平方成反比。
公式为:\[ F = \frac{k\cdot q_1 \cdot q_2}{r^2} \],其中k是库仑常数,\( q_1 \cdot q_2 \)是两个点电荷的电荷量乘积,r是它们之间的距离。
若已知k=9×10^9 N·m²/C²,\( q_1 = 5 \times 10^{-6} C \),\( q_2= 3 \times 10^{-6} C \),r=0.1m,求静电力F。
5. 一个物体在水平面上做匀速直线运动,其速度为v=4m/s,摩擦系数μ=0.2,求物体受到的摩擦力F。
三、简答题6. 解释什么是牛顿第三定律,并给出一个日常生活中的例子。
7. 简述电磁感应现象,并解释法拉第电磁感应定律。
四、计算题8. 一个质量为5kg的物体从静止开始下落,忽略空气阻力,求物体下落5秒后的总位移。
9. 一个电路中包含一个电阻R=10Ω,一个电容器C=2μF,一个电源电压U=12V。
求电容器充满电后储存的能量。
五、实验题10. 描述一个实验来测量物体的加速度,并说明实验步骤和预期结果。
2022届高考物理复习题及答案 (78)
第 1 页 共 1 页 2022届高考物理复习题
12.(5分)有一款蹿红的微信小游戏“跳一跳”,游戏要求操作者通过控制棋子(质量为m ,可视为质点)脱离平台时的速度,使其能从同一水平面上的平台跳到旁边的另一平台上。
如图所示的抛物线为棋子在某次跳跃过程中的运动轨迹,轨迹的最高点距平台上表面高度为h ,不计空气阻力,重力加速度为g ,则( )
A .棋子从离开平台至运动到最高点的过程中,重力势能增加mgh
B .棋子从离开平台至运动到最高点的过程中,机械能增加mgh
C .棋子离开平台后距平台面高度为ℎ2时动能为mgℎ2
D .棋子落到另一平台上时的速度大于√2gℎ
【解答】解:A 、重力势能增加量等于克服重力做功的值,所以:△E p =mgh ,故A 正确
B 、棋子从离开平台至运动到最高点的过程中,只有重力做功,动能和重力势能相互转化,总的机械能保持不变,所以机械能守恒,故B 错误
C 、从初态到最高点时,设水平速度为v 0,设初动能为E k0,有:12mv 02−E k0=−mgℎ,当到达高度为ℎ2
时有:E k −E k0=−mg ℎ2,解得:E k =12mv 02+12mgℎ,故C 错误 D 、从最高点到落另一平台,竖直方向自由落体:v y 2=2gℎ,即:v y =√2gℎ,所以落到另一平台速度v =√v 02+v y 2>√2gℎ,故D 正确。
故选:AD 。
高考物理提分必练系列能力特训习题(含答案)(二)
高考物理提分必练系列能力特训习题(含答案)(二)一、选择题1、如图2所示,甲、乙两船在同一河岸边A、B两处,两船船头方向与河岸均成θ角,且恰恰对准对岸边C点.假定两船同时末尾渡河,经过一段时间t,同时抵达对岸,乙船恰恰抵达正对岸的D点.假定河宽d、河水流速均恒定,两船在静水中的划行速率恒定,不影响各自的飞行,以下判别正确的选项是( )图2A.两船在静水中的划行速率不同B.甲船渡河的路程有能够比乙船渡河的路程小C.两船同时抵达D点D.河水流速为2、一带有乒乓球发射机的乒乓球台如下图。
水平台面的长和宽区分为L1和L2,中间球网高度为h。
发射机装置于台面左侧边缘的中点,能以不同速率向右侧不同方向水平发射乒乓球,发射点据台面高度为3h。
不及空气的作用,重力减速度大小为g。
假定乒乓球的发射速率v在某范围内,经过选择适宜的方向,就能使乒乓球落到球网右侧台面上,那么v的最大取值范围是A.B.C.D.3、如下图,一竖直挡板固定在水平空中上,图甲用一斜面将一质量为M的润滑球顶起,图乙用一圆柱体将同一润滑球顶起;当斜面或圆柱体缓慢向右推进的进程中,关于两种状况下挡板所受的压力,以下说法正确的选项是 ( )A.两种状况下挡板所受的压力都不变B.两种状况下挡板所受的压力都增大C.图甲中挡板所受的压力不变,图乙中挡板所受的压力减小D.图甲中挡板所受的压力不变,图乙中挡板所受的压力先减小后增大4、〔2021洛阳一模〕以下关于物理学思想方法的表达错误的选项是〔〕A.探求减速度与力和质量关系的实验运用了控制变量法B.电学中电阻、电场场强和电势的定义都运用了比值法C.力学中将物体看成质点运用了理想化模型法D.当物体的运动时间△t趋近于0时,△t时间内的平均速度可看成瞬时速度运用了等效替代法5、以下说法契合物理学史的是:( )A.笛卡尔经过逻辑推理和实验对落体效果停止了研讨B.奥斯特发现了电流的周围存在磁场并最早提出了场的概念C.静电力常量是由库仑首先测出的D.牛顿被人们称为〝能称出地球质量的人〞二、多项选择6、如下图,水平空中上固定一个润滑绝缘斜面,斜面与水平面的夹角为θ.一根轻质绝缘细线的一端固定在斜面顶端,另一端系有一个带电小球A,细线与斜面平行.小球A的质量为m、电量为q.小球A的右侧固定放置带等量同种电荷的小球B,两球心的高度相反、间距为d.静电力常量为k,重力减速度为g,两带电小球可视为点电荷.小球A运动在斜面上,那么 ( )图A.小球A与B之间库仑力的大小为B.当=时,细线上的拉力为0C.当=时,细线上的拉力为0D.当=时,斜面对小球A的支持力为07、如下图,不计质量的润滑小滑轮用细绳悬挂于墙上O点,跨过滑轮的细绳衔接物块A、B,A、B都处于运动形状,现将物块B移至C点后,A、B仍坚持运动,以下说法中正确的选项是〔〕A.B与水平面间的摩擦力减小B.空中对B的弹力增大C.悬于墙上的绳所受拉力不变D.A、B运动时,图中α、β、θ三角一直相等8、如下图,质量相等的长方体物块A、B叠放在润滑水平面上,两水平轻质弹簧的一端固定在竖直墙壁上,另一端区分与A、B相衔接,两弹簧的原长相反,与A相连的弹簧的劲度系数小于与B相连的弹簧的劲度系数。
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训练目标会判断直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系,能熟练应用直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系解决有关问题.训练题型(1)求曲线方程;(2)求参数范围;(3)长度、面积问题;(4)与向量知识交汇应用问题.解题策略联立直线与曲线方程,转化为二次方程问题,再利用根与系数的关系转化为代数式、方程组、不等式组,结合已知条件解决具体问题.1.已知椭圆E :x 2+y 2=1(a >b >0),其焦点为F ,F ,离心率为2,直线l :x +2y -2=0与x 轴,y 轴分别交于点A ,B ,(1)若点A 是椭圆E 的一个顶点,求椭圆的方程;(2)若线段AB 上存在点P 满足|PF 1|+|PF 2|=2a ,求a 的取值范围.2.(2015·重庆巫溪中学第五次月考)已知椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b2=1(a >b >0)的一个焦点与抛物线y2=-4x 的焦点相同,且椭圆C 上一点与椭圆C 的左、右焦点F 1,F 2构成的三角形的周长为22+2.(1)求椭圆C 的方程;(2)若直线l :y =kx +m (k ,m ∈R )与椭圆C 交于A ,B 两点,O 为坐标原点,△AOB 的重心G满足:F 1G →F 2G →=-59,求实数m 的取值范围.3.(2016·眉山联考)已知抛物线Ω的顶点是坐标原点O ,焦点F 在y 轴正半轴上,过点F 的直线l 与抛物线交于M ,N 两点,且满足O M →O N →=-3. (1)求抛物线Ω的方程;(2)若直线y =x 与抛物线Ω交于A ,B 两点,在抛物线Ω上是否存在异于A ,B 的点C ,使得经过A ,B ,C 三点的圆和抛物线Ω在点C 处有相同的切线?若存在,求出点C 的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.4.(2015·浙江新阵地教育研究联盟联考)已知中心在原点的椭圆Γ1的右焦点和抛物线Γ2的焦点相同,为(1,0),椭圆Γ1的离心率为12,抛物线Γ2的顶点为原点,如图所示.(1)求椭圆Γ1和抛物线Γ2的方程;(2)设点P 为抛物线Γ2准线上的任意一点,过点P 作抛物线Γ2的两条切线PA ,PB ,其中A ,B 为切点.①设直线PA ,PB 的斜率分别为k 1,k 2,求证:k 1k 2为定值;②若直线AB 交椭圆Γ1于C ,D 两点,S △PAB ,S △PCD 分别是△PAB ,△PCD 的面积,试问:S △PABS △PCD是否有最小值?若有,求出最小值;若没有,请说明理由.5.(2015·贵州七校联盟上学期第一次联考)已知中心在原点O ,左焦点为F 1(-1,0)的椭圆C 1的左顶点为A ,上顶点B ,F 1到直线AB 的距离为77|OB |. (1)求椭圆C 1的方程;(2)若椭圆C 1的方程为x 2m 2+y 2n 2=1(m >n >0),椭圆C 2的方程为x 2m 2+y 2n2=λ(λ>0,且λ≠1),则称椭圆C 2是椭圆C 1的λ倍相似椭圆,已知椭圆C 2是椭圆C 1的3倍相似椭圆,若直线y =kx +b与两椭圆C 1,C 2交于四点(依次为Q ,R ,P ,S ),且P S →+R S →=2QS →,如图所示,试求动点E (k ,b )的轨迹方程.答案解析1.解 (1)由椭圆的离心率为22,得a =2c , ∵直线l 与x 轴交于A 点,∴A (2,0),∴a =2,c =2,b =2, ∴椭圆方程为x 24+y 22=1.(2)由e =22,可设椭圆E 的方程为x 2a 2+2y2a2=1,联立⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2a 2+2y 2a2=1,x +2y -2=0,得6y 2-8y +4-a 2=0,若线段AB 上存在点P 满足|PF 1|+|PF 2|=2a , 则线段AB 与椭圆E 有公共点,等价于方程6y 2-8y +4-a 2=0在y ∈[0,1]上有解. 设f (y )=6y 2-8y +4-a 2,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧Δ≥0,f (0)≥0,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 2≥43,4-a 2≥0,∴43≤a 2≤4, 故a 的取值范围是233≤a ≤2.2.解 (1)依题意得⎩⎨⎧c =1,2a +2c =22+2,a 2=b 2+c 2,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 2=2,b 2=1,所以椭圆C 的方程为x 22+y 2=1.(2)设A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2),联立得方程组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y =kx +m ,x 2+2y 2-2=0,消去y 并整理得(1+2k 2)x 2+4kmx +2m 2-2=0,则⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧Δ>0⇒1+2k 2>m 2(*),x 1+x 2=-4km 1+2k 2, ①x 1x 2=2m 2-21+2k 2,设△AOB 的重心为G (x ,y ), 由F 1G →F 2G →=-59,可得x 2+y 2=49.②由重心公式可得G (x 1+x 23,y 1+y 23),代入②式,整理可得(x 1+x 2)2+(y 1+y 2)2=4⇒(x 1+x 2)2+[k (x 1+x 2)+2m ]2=4,③ 将①式代入③式并整理,得m 2=(1+2k 2)21+4k2,代入(*)得k ≠0,则m 2=(1+2k 2)21+4k 2=1+4k 41+4k 2=1+44k 2+1k4.∵k ≠0,∴t =1k2>0,∴t 2+4t >0,∴m 2>1,∴m ∈(-∞,-1)∪(1,+∞).3.解 (1)依题意,设抛物线Ω的方程为x 2=2py (p >0), 则F (0,p2).由直线l 的斜率存在,设为k ,得l 的方程为y =kx +p2,联立方程⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2=2py ,y =kx +p2,消去y 并整理,得x 2-2pkx -p 2=0, 设M (x 1,y 1),N (x 2,y 2), 则x 1+x 2=2pk ,x 1x 2=-p 2, 又y 1y 2=(kx 1+p 2)(kx 2+p2)=k 2x 1x 2+12kp (x 1+x 2)+p24=k 2·(-p 2)+12kp ·2kp +p 24=p24.所以OM →ON →=x 1x 2+y 1y 2 =-p 2+p 24=-3,因为p >0,解得p =2,故所求抛物线Ω的方程为x 2=4y .(2)联立方程⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2=4y ,y =x ,可求得A (0,0),B (4,4),假设抛物线Ω上存在异于A ,B 的点C , 且设C 的坐标为(t ,t 24)(t ≠0,t ≠4),使得经过A ,B ,C 三点的圆和抛物线Ω在点C 处有相同的切线. 令圆心为E (a ,b ),则由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧|EA |=|EB |,|EA |=|EC |,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 2+b 2=(a -4)2+(b -4)2,a 2+b 2=(a -t )2+(b -t 24)2,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a +b =4,4a +tb =2t +t 38,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a =-t 2+4t8,b =t 2+4t +328. ①因为抛物线Ω在点C 处的切线斜率k ′=y ′|x =t =t2(t ≠0,t ≠4),又该切线与EC 垂直,所以b -t 24a -t t2=-1,即2a +bt -2t -t 34=0,②将①代入②得2(-t 2+4t8)+tt 2+4t +328-2t -t 34=0,即t 3-2t 2-8t =0,因为t ≠0,t ≠4,解得t =-2, 故存在点C ,且坐标为(-2,1).4.(1)解 设椭圆Γ1和抛物线Γ2的方程分别为x 2a 2+y 2b2=1(a >b >0),y 2=2px (p >0), 由题意得c a =12,c =1,p2=1,即a =2,c =1,p =2,所以椭圆Γ1的方程为x 24+y 23=1,抛物线Γ2的方程为y 2=4x .(2)①证明 设P (-1,t ),过点P 与抛物线y 2=4x 相切的直线方程为y -t =k (x +1).由2(1)4y t k x y x-=+⎧⎨=⎩消去x 整理得y 2-4k y +4t k+4=0, 由Δ=0得21k-tk -1=0, 即k 2+tk -1=0,则k 1k 2=-1,为定值. ②解 设A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2), 由①得y 1=2k 1,y 2=2k 2,则x 1=1k 21,x 2=1k 22,直线AB 的方程为y -y 1=y 2-y 1x 2-x 1(x -x 1), 即y =-2k 1+k 2(x -1), 即直线AB 过定点(1,0), 设P 到直线AB 的距离为d , S △PAB S △PCD =12d ·|AB |12d ·|CD |=|AB ||CD |. a .当直线AB 的斜率存在时,设直线AB 的方程为y =k (x -1).设A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2),C (x 3,y 3),D (x 4,y 4),由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y 2=4x ,y =k (x -1),消去y 并整理,得k 2x 2-(2k 2+4)x +k 2=0,k ≠0时,Δ>0恒成立. |AB |=(1+k 2)(x 2-x 1)2=(1+k 2)16+16k 2k 4=4(1+k 2)k2. 由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 24+y 23=1,y =k (x -1),消去y 并整理,得(3+4k 2)x 2-8k 2x +4k 2-12=0,Δ>0恒成立.|CD |=(1+k 2)(x 3-x 4)2=(1+k 2)144+144k 2(3+4k 2)2=12(1+k 2)3+4k2.所以S △PAB S △PCD =4(1+k 2)k 212(1+k 2)3+4k2=3+4k 23k 2=1k 2+43>43.b .当直线AB 的斜率不存在时,直线AB 的方程为x =1,此时,|AB |=4,|CD |=3,S △PAB S △PCD =43, 综上可知,S △PAB S △PCD 的最小值为43. 5.解 (1)设椭圆C 1的方程为x 2a 2+y 2b2=1,a >b >0,∴直线AB 的方程为x -a +yb=1,∴F 1(-1,0)到直线AB 的距离为d =|-b +ab |a 2+b 2=77b ,∴a 2+b 2=7(a -1)2,又b 2=a 2-1,解得a =2,b =3, ∴椭圆C 1的方程为x 24+y 23=1.(2)椭圆C 1的3倍相似椭圆C 2的方程为x 212+y 29=1,设Q ,R ,P ,S 各点坐标依次为(x 1,y 1),(x 2,y 2),(x 3,y 3),(x 4,y 4), 将y =kx +b 代入椭圆C 1的方程,得(3+4k 2)x 2+8kbx +4b 2-12=0, ∴Δ1=(8kb )2-4(3+4k 2)(4b 2-12)=48(4k 2+3-b 2)>0,(*) 此时,x 1+x 2=-8kb3+4k 2,x 1x 2=4b 2-123+4k2,∴|x 1-x 2|=(x 1+x 2)2-4x 1x 2=43(4k 2+3-b 2)3+4k2, 将y =kx +b 代入椭圆C 2的方程,得(3+4k 2)x 2+8kbx +4b 2-36=0, ∴x 3+x 4=-8kb 3+4k 2,x 3x 4=4b 2-363+4k 2,|x 3-x 4|=43(12k 2+9-b 2)3+4k 2, ∵x 1+x 2=x 3+x 4, ∴线段PS ,QR 中点相同, ∴|PQ |=|RS |,由P S →+R S →=2Q S →,R S →=Q R →, ∴|PS |=3|QR |,解得|x 3-x 4|=3|x 1-x 2|,∴43(12k 2+9-b 2)3+4k 2=3×43(4k 2+3-b 2)3+4k 2, 12k 2+9=4b 2,满足(*)式,∴动点E (k ,b )的轨迹方程为4b 29-4k23=1.。