浅论高中英语议论文的阅读理解
高考英语阅读理解突破——议论文的阅读技巧和方法
- 158-校园英语 / 基础教育研究高考英语阅读理解突破——议论文的阅读技巧和方法湖北省荆州市监利县朱河中学/朱晓洲【摘要】议论文是中学阶段学习的一种重要文体，话题一般较陌生、抽象，学生在阅读时难以抓住其中心思想。
本文围绕议论文在高考试题中经常设题形式，结合实例阐述议论文行文特点，并且探讨解题技巧和方法，从而有效的提高学生整体阅读水平。
【关键词】议论文 设计方式 对策高考将阅读能力的考察放在十分突出的位置，符合教学大纲中“侧重培养阅读能力”的原则。
该题占全卷分值40%，众所周知，得阅读、完形者得天下！考生能否在英语考试中得高分，该题具有举足轻重的作用。
议论文是英语中的重要文体。
从近几年各地高考英语试题来看，议论文在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重。
那么，在具体的教学过程中，如何做到“侧重培养”和有效提高学生的阅读能力呢？兵法云：“伤其十指不如断其一指”。
议论文，是有论点，有事实的文体。
作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。
该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节，以及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判定能力。
而且该类文章常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。
特别是在考试这样的情况下进行阅读答题。
因此，很有必要对议论文的文体特点及解题规律作一探索，实现突破。
一、议论文的语篇特点议论文的文体比较格式化，一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。
议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。
这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的，是条理性极强的文体。
二、议论文阅读理解的主要题型及对策从近几年的高考试题来看，议论文阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下四种出题方式：1.主旨大意题。
主旨大意题主要考查学生的总结概括能力，是专门检查对短文整体理解程度。
每篇文章都有主题句表明其主题(中心)思想。
浅谈高考英语阅读说明文及议论文的解题方略
教研园地JIAO YAN YUAN DI 浅谈高考英语阅读说明文及议论文的解题方略武鹏相甘肃省白银市靖远县第一中学 （甘肃省白银市 730600）摘 要：阅读作为英语教学的重点部分，在高考中更是得以体现，其所占比分值亦是相对较高，从近年来的高考试卷中不难看出，阅读题目的篇幅基本在4-5篇左右，可见阅读理解的重要性。
本文将以其中的说明文以及议论文为主要阐述对象，针对这两种阅读文的高考题型的解题方案进行分析，以促进学生得以掌握解题的技巧。
关键词：高考英语 英语阅读 说明文 议论文 解题方略英语阅读题型形式各样，考察的范围亦是相对较广，在文章体裁形式上，也并不唯一，这就对于学生的学习理解是否完全掌握有了精准的测评。
而在英语阅读的学习过程当中，亦是存在着解题方式不当、时间不够用等各种外界因素，导致成绩结果与学生实际水平不符的现象，这就需要教师针对解题策略展开培育，以促使学生得以有效的 答题。
1 命题规律以及文章形式1.1 说明文在英语阅读的说明文阅读题材中，通常是以介绍具体的一件事物或是事件所存在的现象等等，在描写人物方面相对较少。
其描述的对象范围主要是以时间点、背景以及未来的影响作用等为主要方向。
因而其题目内容的设计具有一定的复杂性，需要通过仔细阅读文章从而获取答案，在此过程中，则可依据题目的次序，分别找出题目与文中相符的段落内容以解题。
说明文的体裁形式一般分为三大模块，分别为说明的对象、经过以及总结，因而对于此类文章的考察重点则是学生对于文章中信息的获取与理解、准确的总结归纳等方面的能力。
这就要求学生对于说明文的各个层面角度加以掌握，明晰所述对象的特点特征[1]。
1.2 议论文议论文的体裁形式具有较为显著的特征性，其结构也主要是以三个方面所展开，即论点、论据和结论。
通常情况下，文章是以具体的现象作为文章的开端，进而据此提出相应的论点，进而在论点的基础上展开论据，最后作以总结。
其中，论点内容又可分为两种，一种为只有两个论点，这种形式的论点基本是以相互对立的形式所体现，一般情况下，作者会在文中结尾处表述自己所赞同的观点；另一种则为两种以上的论点形式，而这种多个论点一并出现的文章，通常是并列的形式所体现，进而在论据中表述各个论点的优势与劣势作用，这种类型的议论文，作者一般并未直接阐述其观点所指。
高二作文之浅谈高中英语议论文阅读解题技巧
浅谈高中英语议论文阅读解题技巧【摘要】议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判定能力。
所以学生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。
【关键词】英语;阅读;技巧阅读可以训练思维能力、理解能力、概括能力和判断推理能力，加强阅读能力的培养一直是高中英语教学的重点，也是历年来高考的重头戏。
阅读理解题在高考英语试题中始终是分值最高的一个题型，故有“得阅读者得天下”之说。
长期以来，我们的英语教学方法局限于语法翻译法，偏重于知识的传授，片面地追求卷面成绩，忽视了对学生听说能力的进一步培养和提高。
听和说是通过中枢神经系统传递思想的交际过程，听是理解和吸收信息，说是表达和传递信息。
听是说的基础，说是听的提高。
英语听说能力的提高应是同步的，是相互促进、不可分割的。
我们可以把学习和习得有机地结合起来，尽量加大语言信息刺激量，创设良好的语境，在搞好学生阅读理解能力训练的同时，在课堂教学中加强对学生进行听说能力的培养，在交际中学英语。
因此高中英语阅读教学是高中英语教学中极为重要的部分。
我们英语教学的目的就是要培养学生独立阅读能力和应用语言的能力。
而且，在近几年的高考试题中考察阅读理解能力的题占60%，这就要求我们在教学中必须注意培养学生英语阅读理解能力。
随着近几年高考改革的不断深入，阅读理解题更强调对阅读速度、知识面和理解能力的考查，试题变得越来越灵活，形式更加多样化，涉及政治、经济、文化、历史、人物、科普、新闻、广告甚至图表。
在各类体裁中，议论文是考生最容易失分的文体，因其信息承载量最大，选材偏离生活常识，阅读量最大。
阅读本身要求速度快，议论文中词汇、句式又高级复杂，更加深了学生对这一文体的恐惧。
因此，学生在扩大视野、拓展知识面的同时，有必要掌握一些议论文阅读解题技巧，这样才能在阅读理解这个重头戏中一锤定音。
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判定能力。
高考英语专题冲刺专题04阅读理解之议论文(含解析)
2021年高考英语专题冲刺专题04阅读理解之议论文（含解析）阅读明白得之议论文1.阅读明白得阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。
When I was young, my mother didn't have the money to send me to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you quit on school—you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country. No one's written your destiny（命运）for you, because you write your own destiny. You make your own future. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time reading a book.But whatever you decide to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. You're not a good athlete the first time you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song. You've got to practi ce.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A．The writer's home was very rich.B．The writer's mother was a teacher.C．The writer was born in a poor family.D．The writer didn't like reading books.2.What does the writer want everyone to do by improving their talents and skills? A．To quit on their country to earn more money.B．To offer help to the old people who have difficulties.C．To write their own new destiny by working as TV star.D．To spend some time writing books about their own life.3.Why does the writer call on everyone to set his/her own goal?A．Because everyone's future is determined by themselves.B．Because everyone's future is to do simple work.C．Because everyone should do their homework.D．Because everyone should pay attention in class.4.How can people realize their great dream?A．By rapping.B．By playing basketball.C．By being a reality star.D．By working hard.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D2.B细节明白得题。
浅析高考阅读理解题的高中英语教学论文
浅析高考阅读理解题的高中英语教学论文阅读理解题是英语考试的难点，并且阅读理解题的分数占有很高的比重。
因此，做好阅读理解题对高考英语的成败起着至关重要的作用。
阅读理解题主要作为考查和测试考生英语综合运用能力的一种形式。
江苏省高考考试说明阅读理解要求：（1）理解语篇主旨大意。
（2）理解文中的详细信息。
（3）根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义。
（4）根据文中的事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理。
（5）理解文章的根本构造和文脉逻辑关系。
（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
（7）用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。
针对这些要求，考生做阅读理解题必须要具备读懂文章，看懂题目要求的能力。
考试中，阅读理解题型主要包括1.主旨大意题。
2.事实细节题。
3.推理判断题。
4.猜想词义题这几种题型。
考生熟悉了这些常考的题型，考试时心中有数，沉着应对。
考试中，主旨大意题一般以这样的提问形式：1、What is the main idea of this passage?2、What is the author’s main point?3、The main idea of the paragraph is.4、Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?5、What does the paragraph mainly suggest?6、The paragraph centers on the point that.7、The topic sentence of passage is ?8、Which is the best title?主旨大意题可以有下面几种情况：１）主旨在开头时，开门见山，提出主题，然后用细节来解释，支撑或开展主题句所表达的主要论点。
2）首尾照应。
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再点出主题，往往，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或开展。
高考英语议论文阅读攻略
济宁市育才中学2006级专题复习---议论文阅读训练学生自主作业设计制作：单俊刚宋贵波文字校对：陈雪云高考英语议论文阅读攻略一、议论文阅读理解语篇特点议论文是英语中重要文体，在每年高考阅读理解中占有一定比例。
相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。
议论文就是说理性文章，一般由论点、论据与论证过程组成。
议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分证据，使用一定逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
二、议论文阅读理解主要题型从近几年观高考英语试题来看，议论文类阅读理解命题类型主要有：1. 主旨题考察考生对于议论文根本观点理解，是主旨题设题目。
做这种类型题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章目。
2. 推理判断题这种题型特点是以事实为依据，但其结果有绝不是事实本身。
它主要测试考生逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。
3. 细节题细节题也是议论文试题主要题型。
这种题要求考生理解文中具体观点与具体事实。
三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧第一，抓论点、寻论据阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出观点、给出例证及最后得出结论。
抓住了论题，我们就把我了中心。
第二，注重文章构造，理清文章脉络。
把握文章构造，有利于对文章大意理解。
从论证方法上讲，常见议论文构造有以下两类：1. Put forward a question →Analyze the question →Solve the question这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题〞过程。
2. Argument/Idea → Evidence → Conclusion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点〞过程。
第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进展推理判断。
能否正确把握作者观点与态度是表达阅读能力重要方面。
一般来说，对作者总态度与倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点与论据后，方能做出判断。
在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者观点与态度并不是明确地表达出来，需要我们认真体察。
高中英语阅读题及答案——议论文专练(含答案)
高考英语阅读专练——议论文专练（含答案）1We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.2The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from coming into reality in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their cars in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology may change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is managed.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers should be talking more about how self-driving cars can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient and affordable choices to move around. The arrival of driverless cars is a chance to make sure that those cars are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own their self-driving cars. They accept long, slow journeys to and from work on crowded highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride. They take their driverless car to a date and set the empty car to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(网约车)services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless cars doesn't worsen the transportation system we have today. The coming technological development presents a chance for cities andstates to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Self-driving cars are not allowed in the real world.B. Driverless taxies will be seen everywhere on the road in a short term.C. California is not alone in testing driverless cars.D. Self-driving technology will definitely benefit transportation system.2.According to the author, policymakers should pay more attention to __________.A. how driverless cars can help deal with transportation-related problemsB. how driverless cars can travel safelyC. how driverless cars can travel fasterD. how driverless cars can move more people3.What is a possible side effect of self-driving cars?A. Journeys to and from work become longer.B. More and more people abandon public transportation.C. There is no place to park them.D. They may result in traffic jams.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Preparing Cities for Robot CarsB. Future Technology UnderwayC. Transportation System in the FutureD. Robot Cars on the Road3I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There, a robotic nurse directs me onto a device and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription (处方). I pay for my visit using a credit card machine and return home without having met another human being.When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am thrilled. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like shouting, "When it comes to cashiers, make mine human, please!"After all, human cashiers sometimes give you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are buying. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can brighten a young mother'sday. A cashier may also show compassion (同情)for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of her purse.What technological device would do any of this? I don't want to go back to the Stone Age, but I'm also worried about a world run by machines. Sometimes when you're chatting with someone, you discover things you need to know. Maybe a receptionist needs prayers said for a sick child. Maybe a salesperson can offer a bit of encouragement to a customer who is feeling tired.Machines can be efficient and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. But they lack an element so important to everyday life.Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have. It is being human that prompts us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.1.What's the author's purpose in writing the first two paragraphs?A．To indicate high technology can make our future life very easyB．To describe a possible future scene where robots take control of our lifeC．To warn readers of the possible dangers of robotic nurses and doctorsD．To predict how technology can affect the way we see a doctoring the future2.Why does the author prefer being served by humans rather than by robots?A．Robots are indifferent and emotionlessB．Robots can't provide efficient servicesC．Robots don't offer to give store couponsD．Robots are unable to do a job as well as humans3.What's the author's attitude towards machines?A．He wishes one day they would come to lifeB．He is absolutely against their existence in his lifeC．He doesn't like they get involved in his life too muchD．He is afraid they would take the place of human beings4After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park．Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park．By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves．Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development．By the 1920s, wolves had practicallydisappeared from the Yellowstone area．They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around．The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers．As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park．They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets．The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U．S．Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone．Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone．Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback．The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well．28．What is the text mainly about?A．Wildlife research in the United States．B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area．C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves．D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park．29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Tested．B．Separated．C．Forced out．D．Tracked down．30．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A．Damage to local ecology. B．A decline in the park’s income．C．Preservation of vegetation. D．An increase in the variety of animals．31．What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring．5More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and More students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term-time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,” he said.29.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A. It is flexible in length.B. It is a time for relaxation.C. It is increasingly popular.D. It is required by universities.30.According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year______.A. are better prepared for college studiesB. know a lot more about their future jobsC. are more likely to leave university in debtD. have a better chance to enter top universities31.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A. He’s puzzled.B. He’s worried.C. He’s surprised.D. He’s annoyed.32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A. Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new term.C. Earn money for their education.D. Prepare for their graduate studies.6A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair．The whip gets all of the attention，but it's mostly for show．In reality，it's the chair that does the important work．When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the sametime．With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next．When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair．How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e．g．lose weight，start a business，travel more) — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information．The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving．It doesn't have to be that way．Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this：All you need to do is focus on one thing．You just need to get started．Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people．If you have somewhere you want to go，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to become．．．take immediate action．If you're clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way．28．Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A．To show off his skills．B．To trick the lion．C．To get ready for a fight．D．To entertain the audience．29．In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A．They feel puzzled over choices．B．They hold on to the wrong things．C．They find it hard to make changed．D．They have to do something for show．30．What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A．Tolerant．B．Doubtful．C．Respectful．D．Supportive．31．When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to _______．A．wait for a better chance B．break your old habitsC．make a quick decision D．ask for clear guidance参考答案1.CBDC2. CABA3. BAC4.DCAB5.CABC6. AABC。
高考英语阅读理解之议论文解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解复习议论文体阅读理解题的应对策略解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。
这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。
还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。
针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。
山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
解题方法：1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。
此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。
考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。
推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。
考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
二、解题技巧历年全国高考英语阅读理解的题型无非基本都是考查主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断和细节理解四大题型。
其中，命题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，又兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。
细节理解题和推理判断题主要考查的是对原文具体细节的理解和把控能力，难度相对较小，广大考生除了平时必要的阅读量和词汇量的积累以外，掌握一定的解题技巧对解答阅读理解题来说也是至关重要的。
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浅论高中英语议论文的阅读理解
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判定能力。
所以我们要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境（某几句话能读懂的）能揣测作者的意图。
标签：英语；阅读；技巧
一、高中英语议论文的篇章结构
1.议论文的整体结构。
议论文有三要素：论点、论据和论证。
论点是作者对所议问题提出的见解和主张。
论据是用来证明论点的根据。
论证是运用论据来证明论点的过程和方法。
2.议论文的语篇结构。
议论文的整体结构一般可分为引论、本论和结论。
引论提出问题，本论分析问题，结论解决问题。
从层次的角度看，议论主体部分可以分为并列式、对照式和层进式。
其中，并列式又可以分为论据并列式和分论点并列式；对照式可以分为正反对比论证和破立结合论证；而层进式可以是由“为什么”到“怎么样”，由现象到本质，由具体到抽象或由抽象到具体，由此及彼，由近及远，由简单到复杂，由特殊到一般等的层层递进式论证。
二、高中英语议论文的命题规律
议论文的命题题型主要是主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题及词义或者句意释义题。
具体释例如下：
第一，主旨大意题，包括主要内容、标题和目的三种小题型。
常见题干形式举例如下：
What is the main idea/topic/subject/general idea of this passage？
The passage is mainly about______
This passage mainly discussed______
Which of the following best summarizes this passage？
What dose this passage mainly deal with？
This passage mainly focuses on______
What would be the best title of this passage？
What is the purpose of the writer to write this passage？
第二，细节理解题的考察范围是最广的。
在题干中出现了文章中具体内容的或者是与具体内容相似内容的题目就是细节理解题。
例如，题干中出现人名、地名、时间、地点、具体事物、具体动作等，它的具体形式因文章具体内容而变化。
第三，推理判断题的常见题干形式举例如下：
It can be inferred from the passage that______
What can be learned from this passage？
In this passage，the writer suggests that______
From this passage，we know/learn that______
From this text，we can infer that______
Which of the following is Not true/right？
Which of the following is wrong/right？
All the following statements aye wrong/fight except______
第四，词义或者句意释义题的常见题干形式举例如下：
What does the underlined word“…”refers to______
What does the underlined word“…”（in line…paragraph…）mean？
The underlined word/sentence“…”means______
The underlined word is related to
By saying“…”，the writer means______
三、高中英语议论文的解题策略
1.重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。
英语文章讲究使用主题段或主题句。
主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头交代该段的中心意思，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。
主题句也可能在中间或末尾，
由全段展开讨论后归纳总结出来。
所以始终关注首尾段落和每段第一句能够帮助基础较薄弱在不完全能读明白文章的情况下也能大概了解作者的观点主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。
根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。
议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总一分一总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。
通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。
通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
2.细读文章，注意文章细节理解。
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查我们对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。
经常出现排序题（按事情发展顺序排序），图表题（按文章内容找出正确图形），正误题（依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断）对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。
虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。
细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。
对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not 或except等表示否定意义的词，则要更加留意。
此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。
做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系，英语中有许多功能词。
3.理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图。
做推理判断题要求大家在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走人误区。
英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段與段之间通常有过渡词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。
有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。
要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句问和段落问的修辞手段或逻辑关系。
作者往往在构思语篇前总要进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的“潜台词”。
因此，这类试题要求大家利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
4.多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧。
由于阅读中大约会有3%左右的生词，须根据上下文或整篇文章才能做出推断。
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。
所以感到生词特别集中，困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。
要解决阅读中的生词问题，一要扩大英语词汇量，二要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法。
如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对我们来说难度较大的议论文阅读，应从
篇章和试题双方面入手。
通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略。